This document presents information about renewable energy resources and practices in Bangladesh. It discusses how Bangladesh currently relies heavily on fossil fuels like natural gas, but these resources are finite and will be depleted within decades given current consumption rates. It then outlines various renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass that show promise in Bangladesh. Specific opportunities for developing these renewables are mentioned, such as utilizing solar power given the country's strong sunlight or expanding existing wind and biomass projects. The document aims to demonstrate how renewable resources can help Bangladesh transition away from fossil fuel dependence and meet its growing energy needs in a more sustainable way.

1. Practices and
Opportunities
Of Renewable
Energy
Resources in
Bangladesh
Presented By:
Nafisa Nawal Islam
Dept. of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
University of Dhaka
Date: 29 August 2015

2. The Energy Diagram
Nafisa Nawal Islam

3. Fossil Fuel
• Fossil fuels are source of
energy that have
developed within the earth
over millions of year
• Fossil Fuel: Coal, Natural
Gas and Oil
• Finite and non renewable
• Environmental impact is
very high
• But cheap, abundant and
easy to use
• Meets 82 % of world’s
energy needs
Nafisa Nawal Islam

4. Sustainable Energy
• Obtained from non-
exhaustible resources
• The provision of this
form of energy serves
the needs of the present
without compromising
the ability of future
generations to meet
their needs.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

5. Non Renewable Sustainable Energy
Nuclear Fusion Energy:
• The energy derived from the splitting of
Uranium atoms within the reactor of an
atomic power plant
• The chain reaction releases vast amounts
of energy from a very small fuel quantity
and therefore this source can be regarded
as sustainable.
Municipal Waste:
• A new sustainable energy source
• Has become available during the last
decades.
• Household garbage is used as burning fuel
to produce electricity.
• This process also helps to keep the
landfills clean.
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6. Renewable Sustainable Energy
• Solar Energy: The sun provides us with a completely
clean and environment-friendly source of energy.
Technology is currently focused on manufacturing high
efficiency solar modules to exploit this energy.
• Wind: This is another clean energy source with high
efficiency. However, the wind turbines will have to be
placed in windy locations in order to be effective.
Denmark and Germany are the world leaders in this field.
• Biomass: Plants, trees, corn, and other biofuels are
converted into ethanol which in turn, is burned to
generate power.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

7. • Geothermal Energy: Geothermal plants take advantage
of the earth's internal heat to produce electricity.
The usual process involves the heating of water until it
becomes steam and then the conversion of the steam's
kinetic energy to produce electricity with the aid of
electric generators.
• Wave and Sea Power: Waves, sea current power, & tidal
forces could be used to provide a clean sustainable/
renewable source of energy.
• Hydrogen: Hydrogen can be used as an energy source,
although it has to be produced through another source
of energy, i.e. fossil fuels, biomass, solar, or wind energy.
Renewable Sustainable Energy
Nafisa Nawal Islam

8. Share of Fuel Consumption (World-wide)
Nuclear
6%
Fossil
82%
Renewable
12%
1993
(9532 Mtoe)
1143 Mtoe (RE)
Nuclear
5%
Fossil
82%
Renewable
13%
2011
(14092 Mtoe)
1832 Mtoe (RE)
Nuclear
6%
Fossil
76%
Renewable
18%
2020
(17208 Mtoe)
3098 Mtoe (RE)
Nafisa Nawal Islam

9. Context Bangladesh (Current Scenario)
ENERGY TRILEMMA INDEX
The Energy Sustainability Index ranks countries in terms of their
likely ability to provide sustainable energy policies through the 3
dimensions of the energy trilemma:
• Energy security: the effective management of primary energy
supply from domestic and external sources, the reliability of
energy infrastructure, and the ability of participating energy
companies to meet current and future demand.
• Energy equity: the accessibility and affordability of energy
supply across the population.
• Environmental sustainability: the achievement of supply and
demand-side energy efficiencies and the development of energy
supply from renewable and other low-carbon sources.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

10. Bangladesh’s Position
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11. Fossil Fuel Usage Comparison
Resource Recoverable Reserves Production Production Ratio
Coal 139 Mtoe 420 Ktoe 330 years
Oil 3 Mtoe 300 Ktoe 10 years
Natural Gas 158 Mtoe 17.3 9 Years
Resource Recoverable Reserves Production Production Ratio
Coal 28800 Mtoe 361 Mtoe 80 years
Oil 800 Mtoe 38.2 Mtoe 21 years
Natural Gas 992 Mtoe 39.6 Mtoe 25 Years
India:
Bangladesh:
Pakistan:
Resource Recoverable Reserves Production Production Ratio
Coal 982 Mtoe 2.73 Mtoe 360 years
Oil 40 Mtoe 3.5 Mtoe 11 Years
Natural Gas 648 Mtoe 36.9 Mtoe 18 Years
Nafisa Nawal Islam

12. Problems
• According to World Energy Council, we use Natural
Gas to meet 86% of our energy needs.
• Our electricity capacity is 11,683 MW (Aug 2015)
• In 2040, our demand for Electricity shall reach
60,000 MW
• In this rate, our GAS reserves shall be exhausted in 9
years.
• Coil is the most environmentally harmful way of
producing electricity (energy)
• We have to import all our oil.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

13. Wind Power
- Onshore
- Offshore
Hydropower
Solar Power
- Photovolataic
- Solar-thermal
Biofuels
- Agricultural crops (1st Gen)
- Cellulosic feedstock (2nd Gen)
- New feedstock i.e. Algae (3rd Gen)
Key Renewable Energy Sources
in Bangladesh
Nafisa Nawal Islam

14. Renewable Energy Uses
Resource 2008 2011 2014
Hydro Power 230 MW 230 MW 230 MW
Solar Power 3.5 MW 46 MW 150 MW
Wind Energy 1 MW 1.9 MW
Biomass 1MW
Total .383 GW in 2014
Bangladesh:
India:
Resource 2011
Solar Power 941 MW
Hydro Power 38.1 GW
Wind Energy 15.9 GW
Biomass
Nuclear 519 Ktoe
Total 55 GW
Pakistan:
Resource 2011
Solar Power
Hydro Power 6.48 GW
Wind Energy 6 MW
Biomass
Nuclear 148 Ktoe
Total 12.5 GW
Nafisa Nawal Islam

15. Opportunities/Solutions: Hydro Power
• Further exploitation appears to be limited due to
flat terrain of Bangladesh.
• Several studies have identified a few sites having
potential ranging from 10 kW to 5 MW, but no
appreciable capacity has yet been established.
• Bangladesh Power
Development Board (BPDB)
identified 2 other sites at
Sangu (140 MW) &
Mahumari (75 MW) for
large hydropower plants.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

16. Opportunities/Solutions: Wind Power
• Except for 2 pilot wind-power plants at Muhuri Dam (0.9
MW) in Feni & Kutubdia Island (1.0 MW) in Cox's Bazaar,
comprehensive assessment of wind power potential is still
ongoing.
• Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(BCSIR), LGED, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies,
GIZ & Renewable Energy Resource Centre of Dhaka
University assessed wind resource, at some length, in a few
sites.
• Currently, Power Division is implementing a project with
support from USAID to develop wind map for Bangladesh.
• Potentials of ocean & geothermal energy are yet to be
explored in Bangladesh, while global capacities reached
530 MW & 12 GW respectively.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

17. Solar Power - Photovoltaic Current is generated through
Photovoltaic effect -flow of
free electrons in Silicon Panel
due to solar irradiance
Direct current (DC) is
generated which can be
stored in a battery or
converted to Alternating
Current (AC)
Opportunities/Solutions: Solar Power
• Bangladesh receives an average daily solar radiation
in the range of 4-5 kWh/m² meaning to reach
12000 MW, it shall only require 2600 sq km of area.
Solar irradiance
from the sun
AC Power
DC Power
(and/or)
Electric
current
Charge
controller
Nafisa Nawal Islam

18. Opportunities/Solutions: Biomass
• Bangladesh Agricultural University and BCSIR launched
biogas technology in early 1970s.
• Against an estimated potential of 4 million biogas plants,
about 70,000 plants have been established so far
throughout the country.
• Tapping potential of biomass, 2 rice husk-based power
plants of 250 kW at Gazipur & 400 kW at Thakurgaon,
and 7 poultry waste-based power plants at different
sites with aggregated capacities exceeding 1 MW, have
been established at the initiative of private sector with
support from IDCOL.
Nafisa Nawal Islam

19. Thank You for your time
Nafisa Nawal Islam