Geophysics

1. Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing is defined as the science and
technology by which the characteristics of objects
of interest can be identified, measured or analyzed
the characteristics without direct contact.

2. Types of Sensor:
Passive sensors
active sensors

3. The characteristics of an object can be determined, using reflected or emitted
electro-magnetic radiation, from the object
Electro-Magnetic Radiation
The sunlight's transmission through the atmosphere is affected by absorption
and scattering of atmospheric molecules and aerosols
Interactions between Matter and
Electro-magnetic Radiation
-absorption
-penetrate
-reflection

4. Image Processing - Correction
Radiometric correction
Atmospheric correction
Geometric distortions of the image
Geometric correction
Coordinate transformation
Collinearity equation
Resampling and interpolation
Map projection
Images Processed by NCC (National Cartographic Centre of IRAN)

5. Resolution:
Spectral
Spatial
Radiometric
Temporal

6. Applications of Remote Sensing
Lineament Extraction
Interpretation
Height Measurement (DEM Generation)
Land Cover Classification
……..

7. Ikonos
Quickbird
Satellites:

8. 1- ArcGIS
2- AutoDesk Map
Georeferencing & Drawing:

9. Adding Image to ArcGIS:

10. Georeferencing:

12. Start Editing & Drawing features:

13. Rubber Sheeting in Autodesk MAP:

14. Drawing features:

15. Problems: Narrow alleys were not apparent
clearly and needed to go under field
control.

16. Result: updating the maps of 140 cities. (Total
covered area about 65000 hectares)