The document summarizes upcoming events for different branches of the quarrying industry. It lists the dates and locations for annual general meetings and other events in April for branches in Derbyshire, Lancashire, Northern Ireland, North Wales, South Wales, and Yorkshire. It also provides contact details and encourages people to visit the quarrying.org website for more information on these events.

2. Welcome
Housekeeping
Upcoming IQ branch events

3. Uncover more at quarrying.org/iq-events

4. Upcoming branch events
Derbyshire 25th
April Annual General Meeting
Lancashire 10th
April TBC
Northern Ireland 9th
April Annual General Meeting with speaker & dinner.
North Wales April (tbc) Safety Measures, Zip World
South Wales 11th
April Site Visit to Aberthaw Cement
West of England 9th
April Mendip Rail with Robin Jacob, Distribution Manager
Yorkshire 10th
April CPD Day on Mental Health and Wellbeing for Managers (max 12 persons).
Followed by Annual General Meeting & HSE Update with Mike Tetley
Branch contact details are available at quarrying.org

5. 5
The importance of
geotechnical assessment
Dr David Jameson
GWP Consultants LLP
Tipping rules &
edge protection
Lagoon design, slope
instability and internal erosion
Toppling failure following
collapse of old workings

6. 6
Outline of discussion
• Start off with the definition of geotechnical assessment in the Quarries Regulations 1999.
• Look back at the origins of Regulations.
• Consider what goes into an adequate Assessment and how other areas of the Regulations are interlinked
to it.
• Look at some examples of structural failure and what is required by way of design.

7. 7
Definition of geotechnical
assessment
• Dealt with under Regulation 33.
• “means an assessment carried out by a geotechnical specialist identifying and assessing all
factors liable to affect the stability and safety of a proposed or existing excavation or tip”
• This means all quarry excavations, solid tips, stockpiles, soil heaps and lagoons.

8. 8
Definition of geotechnical
assessment
• The assessment Report needs to (under para. 1):
– (a) Include details and particulars detailed in Schedule 1.
– (b) State conclusions as to safety of a structure and whether the structure comprises a significant hazard
– (c) Whether any remedial work is required and timescales.
– (d) Date for the next assessment
– (e) consideration of the Tip and Excavation Rules.
• Under para. 2 the operator must ensure that the remedial works are enacted by the required date.

9. 9
Background to UK legislation
Most infamous example is Aberfan
Tip 7, which killed 144 people, mostly
children.
Failure of Tip 7 gave rise to Mines
Tips and Quarries Act 1969 and
subsequent Regulations 1972 which
imposed standards of construction on
tips and lagoons.

10. 10
St Aidans OCCS – 1988;
Led to Opencast code of Practice for slope design which was the precursor
to the Quarries Regulations 1999.
Background to UK legislation

11. 11
The Quarries Regulations 1999 provide a
proactive approach to hazard appraisal
• Traditional approaches to slope design
were often reactive and followed an
accident or slope instability. This often
involved subjective evaluation and
inspection by staff of variable
experience.
• The Quarries Regulations set out a
framework for hazard appraisal and
where required, geotechnical (or risk)
assessment to highlight significant
hazards.
• Part VI of the Regulations deals with
Excavations and tips

12. 12
Part VI of Regulations deals with Excavations and
Tips and specifically with Geotechnical Assessment
Geotechnical
Assessment
(Reg. 33)
Benches and
haul roads
(Reg. 13)
Design of excavations
and tips (Reg. 30)
Excavation and
Tipping Rules
(Reg. 31)
Inspection
(Reg. 12)
Design of excavations
and tips (Reg. 30)
General duties of the
operator (Reg. 6)
Hazard
appraisal
(Reg. 32)
Training and
competence
(Reg. 9)

13. 13
Examples of failure -
Hatfield Colliery Tip failure 2013
Basically a biplanar failure due
to:
i.Laminated clays of Lake Humber -
presence of which had been
ignored.
ii.High water table caused by:
– tipping saturated fines.
– no drains through impermeable
compacted spoil bank.
Photograph by Network Rail

14. 14
• Poor excavation design – lack of understanding of failure mechanisms
by designer.
• No setting out of excavation limits.
• Slope design requirements not translated to tip and excavation rules.
Examples of failure –
Planar/footwall failure

15. 15
• Fatal accident in 2012
• No initial excavation design
• Loading of crest of slope by D6 dozer
• Non-adherence to safe system of works
• Lack of understanding of excavation rules
Examples of failure -
Slope failure in a sand and gravel excavation

16. 16
Look out for:
Cracking parallel to banks,
Circular depressions (often imply piping and flow),
Bulging in bund faces,
Seepages (wet areas) on flanks and from toe.
Examples of failure -
Instability of lagoon banks

17. 17
Consideration of excavation and tipping rules
End tipping without bunding
or a banksman is prohibited
Tipping without stop blocks or
bunding
Inadequate edge protection
and tipping rules
No bench design
or appropriate
excavation rules

18. 18
Considerations in design – a tip design
• Geotechnical assessment requires:
– An understanding of final requirements
– Foundation preparation
– Ground and surface water control
– An understanding of materials and material parameters for design
– Consideration of stability during construction and in perpetuity
• The report must include practical guidance e.g.:
– Plans and cross sections showing how construction is to proceed
– Guidance on construction techniques
– A review of tipping rules
– Suggestions on inspection schedules

19. 19
Considerations in design – a tip design
Tip design must consider:
•Materials making up the tip,
•Pore pressures within tip (need for
internal drainage),
•Foundation preparation,
•Speed of construction,
•Consequences of failure,
•Practicalities of construction
(serviceability).

20. 20
A tip design – stability assessment and
consideration of rapid pore pressure change
Stability of the proposed slope must
ensure the structure will be stable during
construction and in the longer term.
Tip design must consider:
•Materials making up the tip,
•Pore pressures within tip (need for
internal drainage),
•Speed of construction,
•Consequences of failure,
•Practicalities of construction
(serviceability).

21. 21
A tip design – design parameters and
construction requirements need to translate
to tipping rules

22. 22
The importance of
geotechnical assessment
Thank you for your attention

23. visit quarrying.org/iq-events for more information & registration.
Thank you for joining us, details of our next webinar are below