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IP telephony uses the Internet protocol to send audio, video, and data between users in real time, integrating voice and data networks. There are four ways communication can occur using IP telephony: computer-to-computer, computer-to-telephone, telephone-to-computer, and telephone-to-telephone. Standards like H.323, SIP, and MGCP define IP telephony infrastructure. While IP telephony provides cost savings, functionality, and mobility, disadvantages include reliance on power and potential reliability and security issues.









