This document discusses the process of routing packets through a network. [1] It begins with an outline and introduction on routing and packaging. [2] It then provides definitions of routing, routers, and the components involved. [3] The main body explains the step-by-step routing process from pinging a destination to receiving the response, covering protocols, routing tables, and the role of routers in directing packets.

2. 01001010100101 0 100101
NOVEMBER 2011
0 1∂ 1 0 £ # &fdfeuIj
kaze
0100 101010 01 01 0 1001010010 100101
0 1∂ 1 0 £ # &

3. 01001010100101 0
Out Line :
A Glance On Introduction .
100101
 Some Examples .
 Routing Process .
 Result .
&
0
 References .
1∂ 1 0 £ #

4. 0100101
Introduction
100101
 Packaging and addressing .
 Handing to postal employee .
01001010100101 0
 Sending to Central package .
 Clearing Customs . Package
 Traveling on it’s way .
0
 Arriving in destination .
1∂ 1 0 £ #
 Arriving in mentioned address .
100101

5. Definitions:
 In IT , routing essentially refers to the process of taking
a packet from one device and sending it through the net-
work to another device on a deferent network .
&
 Routers don't really care about hosts, they only care about
networks and the best path to each network.
0
1∂ 1 0 £ #
 The logical network address of the destination host is used
to get packets to a network through a routed network, and
then the hardware address of the host is used to deliver the
packets from a router to the correct destination host.
10101000101001

6. 10101000101001 100101001010 1
Router
 Connects different networks which work with the same
protocols .
 Learn about remote network from neighbor routers .
 Important Information for routing are stored in the Routing
tables .
 Direct connection (Already knows ho to get to it).
 Indirect Connection .
Static routing .
Dynamic routing .
1010100010
0 1∂ 1 0 £ #

7. 1010100010
Routing Process
 Ping
 ICMP creates Echo called payload .
 Payload is handed to IP to create packet .
 Packet contains
Source Address
Destination Address
Protocol Field
 ARP cash is checked (Local Or Remote) ARP Broadcast
 Default Gateway ( need Hardware Address – Eth0 – Eth1)
 DLL Frame ( Source-Destination - Type Field - FCS Field )
FCS stores the result of CRC
 Frame is handed to the physical layer to be sent on
medium one bit a at a time .

8. The Network Collision Domain

9. Routing Process
 Running CRC if answer matches FCS .
 Checking Hardware Destination Address .
 Ethernet Type Field for protocol used .
 Frame -> Packet given to IP .
 IP Checks Destination Address
If don’t match -> Destination IP in Routing Table
else discarded by creating ICMP message .
 The packet is again sent to the destination address by
1010100010
adding all control messages .

10. 1010100010
Final Step
 Packet received to destination .
 Runs CRC if equal to FCS Field .
 Hardware address is checked to find a match .
 Type Field is checked for Network layer
 IP checks the destination add in Network layer .
Finally there is a match
 Protocol is checked to give payload to whom .
 Payload is given to ICMP
 ICMP knows echo request and responds to it by
 discarding the packet and generating new payload as
an echo reply .

11. Result
 The routing is similar to our everyday package delivery
 In routing packets throughout network we have to follow
some rules and use some protocols just like in letters we
have the address of writer and receiver with the city, road,
street name and house number
 The main points to follow for routing in network is
 To know routing devices and their capabilities
 To make sure that every thing we need is available
  Such as the Destination address,
 Neighbor routers to learn about remote networks,
10 0101010100010
 Possible routes to all remote networks,
 The best route to each remote network
 To know how to maintain and verify routing information

12. References :
 CompTIA Network Plus , Chapter 9 , IP Routing by Todd Lammle
 ww.sybex.com/go/comptianetwork+studyguide
 Routing Information Protocol, C. Hendrik,
 The Internet Society (June 1988)
 ww.lammle.com
 ww.inetdaemon.com
 ww.softgozar.com , IP Routing Protocols
 How to Accelerate Your Internet , Network design 3