A presentation on C/S architecture including Basic networking that includes components, tiers, working, server type, etc. in a C/S architecture.

1. INCLUDING
BASIC NETWORKING

2. • 3 primary logical architectures
1. Host-based
• Traditional mainframe / central computer model
2. Client-based / Peer-to-Peer
• Historically most home-based and many small office
networks
3. Client-server
• Microsoft model – or what we commonly see today
• Fairly powerful clients interacting with some number
of servers
• Model used on campus
WE WILL ONLY FOCUS ON CLIENT/ SERVER
ARCHITECTURE.

4. A network architecture
in which each computer
or process on the
network is either
a client or a server.

5. A simple definition
A simple definition of CS is
“ server software accepts requests for data
from client software and returns the
results to the client.”

6. • Clients
• Servers
• Communication Networks
Server
Server
Client

7. • CS model distinguishes between client
/ server devices and applications.
• Clients request specific services.
• Servers respond to individual client
requests for services.
– Functionality implemented in software
• Depending on services the server provides,
physical server computers can be different than
other servers and client computers (i.e. more
processing power, more memory, etc.)

9. • Structured architecture with specific roles
for specific devices using specific
applications.
– File server, printer server.
• A “managed” network .
– Unlike P2P will have a network admin.
• CS is the most commonly observed
architecture.
– Most applications are designed to be used on
CS architecture.

10. • Balance processing between clients and
server(s) by dividing functions.
– Client – presentation and application logic.
– Server – Data access logic, data storage,
application logic.

11. • Applications that run on computers.
• Rely on servers for
– Files.
– Devices. Clients are Applications
– Processing power.
• Example: E-mail client
– An application that enables you to send and
receive e-mail.

12. • Computers or processes that manage
network resources
– Disk drives (file servers) Servers Manage
– Printers (print servers) Resources
– Network traffic (network servers)
• Example: Database Server
– A computer system that processes database
queries.

13. • Data Server
• Communication Server
• Internet Server

14. • Data-oriented; used only for data storage
and management.
• Since a data server can serve more than
one compute server, compute-intensive
applications can be spread among multiple
severs.
• Does not prefer any application logic
processing.
• Performs processes such as data validation,
required as part of the data management
function.
• Requires fast processor, large amount of
memory and substantial Hard disk capacity..
Data
Server
Computer
Server

15. Provides gateway to other LANs, networks &
Computers.
E-mail Server & internet server.
Modest system requirements .
 multiple slots.
 fast processor to translate
networking protocols.

16. Internet Server
PC client
UNIX workstations
Local Area
Network

17. Networks Connect
Clients and
Servers.

19. o Client-server is a computing architecture which
separates a client from a server.
o It is almost always implemented over a computer
network.
o The most basic type of client-server architecture
employs only two types of nodes: clients and servers.
This type of architecture is sometimes referred to
as two-tier.
It allows devices to share files and resources.
o Server provides the service.
o Client is considered as the customer requesting the
service.
o The server service can be shared among a number of
clients.
o Clients must request or initiate the service.
o The location of the server in the network is transparent
to clients.

20. • File servers
– File sharing and file processing.
• Data base servers
– Passing file results
– Example: Query in DBMS server
– Typically one single request/reply
• Transaction servers
– Transaction server includes DBMS and transaction monitoring.
– Server has remote procedures run online by the client.
• web servers
– Super-fat servers and thin clients.
– Uses HTTP protocol.
– Java was first to introduce interactive C/S forms.
Client
Client
Server
Server
InternetClient
JAVA
Client
HTML
Application

21. • Where to push the application to
• Fat clients
– The bulk of the application is running on the client .
– The client knows how the data is organized and where it is .
– Different clients access the same applications different ways .
• Fat servers
– The server more complicated.
– The clients are less complex .
– More of the code runs on the server .
– The network interaction is minimized.
ServerClient
Application

22. It is the (/) between client and server which glues them
together.
– Allowing the client request for a service and the server
providing it.
• Middleware can also be between server/server.
• Two broad classes
– General
• LAN servers, TCP/IP, Communication stacks,
Queuing services, etc.
– Application specific
• Used to accomplish a specific task
• Groupware specific: SMTP
• Internet specific: HTTP
• Database specific: SQL.

23. • Purpose
– To divide the application
between the client and server
– Different functionalities of
client and server
• Basic client server model
– Fits various applications
• Small office
• Small business
• Enterprise
• Global
Client
Server
Server
Client Server
Middle
ware
Single Machine
Client Server
Middle
ware
Client Middle
ware
C/S
Middle
ware
C/S
C/S
C/S

24. Web Browser
GUI
DSM
OS
Service-Specific; DSM
NOS (security, peer-to-peer,
directory, distributed files);
Transport stack (TCP/IP)
Web server
Groupware
DMBS
Etc.
Client
Middleware
Server

25. PC Server 
Asymmetric Multi-
processing 
Superserver
symmetric Multi-
processing 
Superserver
Multiservers

26. • Superserver
– A very powerful server.
– Single-server or multiserver.
– Each server can have a single processor or multiprocessor.
– Multiprocessing can be Asymmetric or Symmetric.
• Multiprocessing
• Asymmetric: each processor is dedicated to a
specific task
• Fully symmetric (SMP): applications are divided
into threads and threads are sent to available
processors
– Examples: 32-bit NT, Unix, NetWare
– Requires 3 basic functionalities:
» Global scheduling
» I/O sharing structure
» OS access sharing

27. • Multi servers
– Pool of servers, providing more processing
power (also called a cluster).
– They divide the task between different servers.
• Server lite
– As opposed to full blown servers.
– Provides a background process on the client
machine that can accept unsolicited networks
request (refreshing database, synchronizing
time, etc.)

28. • Network services (in general) are the
specific functions/tasks/jobs provided by
the network
– File sharing
– Printing
– Communication
– Mail
– Internet
– Management.

29. • File and print services
– Allow sharing of data files and printers
• Communications services
– Such as mail services
• Coordination and storage of email
• Internet services
– WWW, FTP, some security
• Access services
– Allow remote users to connect to network
• Login (authorization / authentication)
• Network Management Services
– Traffic monitoring, load balancing, diagnostics

30. • Networking in Linux follows the client/server
model
– Server provides the resource (web server).
– Client talks to the server (browser, e-mail
program).
• Server has a corresponding program that
communicates with the client (runs in the
background)
– In Windows the server program called service .
– In Linux the server program called daemon.

31. BASIC NETWORKING

32. • 1) Local Area Network (LAN)
• 2) Wide Area Network (WAN)
• 3) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

33. • A LAN is a group of computers located in a relatively small
geographical area (like a building or group of buildings).
– Typically owned by a single organization
• A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that
interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home,
school, computer laboratory, or office building, using network
media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide
area networks (WANs), include their smaller geographic area,
and non-inclusion of leased telecommunication lines.
• A group of computers connected within a confined geographic
area.
• Commonly used for intra office communication.

34. • Various configurations, called topologies,
have been used to administer LANs.
– Ring topology A configuration that connects all
nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in
one direction.
– Star topology A configuration that centers
around one node to which all others are connected
and through which all messages are sent.
– Bus topology All nodes are connected to a
single communication line that carries messages in
both directions.

36. Switch
PC PC PC
PrinterPC
?

37. • A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a
broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that
links across metropolitan, regional, national or
international boundaries) using leased
telecommunication lines. Business and government
entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees,
clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical
locations. In essence, this mode of telecommunication
allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function
regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a
WAN as well, and is used by businesses, governments,
organizations, and individuals for almost any purpose
imaginable.[1]

38. Leased lines from a larger provider form part of the WAN

39. LAN
• High speed (≥1000 mbps)
• Tend to primarily use Ethernet and
Wi Fi, but also use Token Passing.
• Generally consist of layer 2 devices
like switches, bridges. To a lesser
extent layer1 devices like hubs &
repeaters.
• Typically owned, controlled, and
managed by a single organization.
• Cost is Low as compared to WAN.
WAN
• Low speed (≤ 155 mbps)
• WANs tend to use technology like
MPLS and ATM, and to a lesser
extent (Frame Relay & X.25) for
connectivity over the longer
distances.
• Layer 3 (+) devices such as routers,
multi-layer switches and technology
specific devices like ATM or Frame-
relay Switches etc.
• WANs are typically not owned by
any one organization but exist under
collective or distributed ownership
and management over long
distances.
• Cost is high as compared to LAN.

40. • A metropolitan area network (MAN)
is a computer network in which two or
more computers or communicating
devices or networks which are
geographically separated but in same
metropolitan city and are connected to
each other are said to be connected on
MAN. Metropolitan limits are
determined by local municipal
corporations; the larger city, bigger
then MAN, the smaller a metro city,
smaller the MAN. [1]

44. A presentation by:-
Abhinav singh
Class:- 9th ‘B’
Roll no:- 01