The document proposes a scalable distributed architecture called DIAT for IoT. DIAT has three layers - the virtual object layer, composite virtual object layer, and service layer. The virtual object layer virtualizes physical objects and acts as a translator between the digital and physical worlds. The composite virtual object layer coordinates between individual entities by scheduling them optimally. The service layer handles service requests and automatically creates new services by splitting them into subtasks. DIAT also includes a cognitive management component and security management module to address challenges like heterogeneity, scalability, interoperability, and security in IoT.

1. A Scalable Distributed Architecture for IoT
NASEEBA P P.
October 15, 2015
1 / 24

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
RELATED WORK
IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE
COGNITIVE MANAGEMENT IN IoT DAEMON
COMPARATIVE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
2 / 24

3. INTRODUCTION
Integrated part of future internet and defined as a dynamic
global network infrastructure with self configuring capabilities[4].
IoT provide an anytime, any place, anything connectivity for
anyone.
Things are expected to become active participants in business,
information and social processes.
Applications are, smart home, smart logistics, smart
transportation, smart health care, smart agriculture, etc..
3 / 24

4. INTRODUCTION
Cont..
Characteristics of IoT objects are
Automation
Intelligence
Dynamicity
Zero configurations
Challenges in IoT are
Heterogeneity
Scalability
Interoperability
Security and privacy
4 / 24

5. INTRODUCTION
Cont..
Proposed a layered and distributed architecture for
IoT, called DIAT.
Potential to tackle many of the technical challenges.
Supports the desired characteristics of IoT objects
and applications.
DIAT has distributiveness.
5 / 24

6. RELATED WORK
Interconnect wireless sensor networks and actuator
networks.
Three layer architecture.
Architectural model similar to OSI.
Architecture like Mankind Neural System and Social
Organization Framework.
Security and privacy issues are acknowledged.
Services might not provide a complete application or
solution.
6 / 24

7. RELATED WORK
Layered Architecture[2]
3-layer architecture consists of the Perception Layer,
Network Layer and Application layer.
Figure 1 : 3-layer architecture of the Internet of Things
Established a new architecture similar to OSI.
Divided loT into 5 layers.
Figure 2 : 5-layer architecture of the Internet of Things
7 / 24

8. RELATED WORK
Mankind Neural System and Social Organization
Framework[3]
Introduced two aspects: Unit IoT and Ubiquitous IoT.
Unit IoT: basic IoT unit, focus on providing solutions
for special applications.
Architecture: Man-Like Nervous (MLN) model.
Ubiquitous IoT: everything connected, intelligently
controlled, and anywhere covered.
Architecture: Social Organization Framework (SOF) model.
8 / 24

9. RELATED WORK Mankind Neural System and Social Organization Framework
Cont..
The architecture of Unit IoT can be classified into two
types.
Figure 3 : Two models for Unit IoT architecture
Ubiquitous IoT, not only refers to the global IoT, but
also includes national IoT, industrial IoT or local IoT[3].
9 / 24

10. RELATED WORK Mankind Neural System and Social Organization Framework
Cont..
Three management and data centers[3]
National management and data center
Industry management and data center
Local management and data center
Figure 4 : SOF model: working and management architecture for
ubiquitous IoT
10 / 24

11. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
Multiple services are merged with minimal human
intervention.
Functionalities are grouped into three layers
Virtual object layer (VOL)
Composite virtual object layer (CVOL)
Service layer (SL)
Figure 5 : Layered architecture for the IoT
11 / 24

12. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
VO Layer
Responsible for virtualization of physical objects.
Hosts the virtual representations of the real-world
objects, called VO.
Plays the role of bridging the gap between physical
and cyber world.
Digital representation of physical objects.
Act as a translator between the digital and physical
worlds.
12 / 24

13. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
CVO Layer
Created by forming a mash-up of one or multiple VOs.
Dictates how the individual entities in its mash-up
should work.
Plays the role of a coordinator.
Tries to optimize the operations among its entities by
doing smart scheduling.
13 / 24

14. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
Service Layer
Responsible for creation and management of services.
Handles various service requests from users.
Enable automatic service creation.
SL analyzes and splits it into smaller subtasks.
Decides how these subtasks are assembled to reach the
final goal.
14 / 24

15. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
Security Mechanism
Addresses security and privacy challenge.
Uses more expressive security policy language.
Supports event based authorizations and obligations.
Possible to model the trust-relationships and risk.
15 / 24

16. IoT DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE[1]
IoT Daemon
Consists of cognitive functionalities and SM.
A full fledged IoT daemon contains three layers.
Presence of IoT daemon can relieve the burden of
configuring each device manually.
16 / 24

17. COGNITIVE MANAGEMENT IN IoT DAEMON [1]
Dynamic Service Creation
Observer that plays a key role in automated machine to
machine communication.
Figure 6 : Functionalities and workflow of an observer
Observer stores the contextual information about each object.
Objects are categorized into two groups human and nonhuman
objects.
Human object contains
Current Location
Operating State
17 / 24

18. COGNITIVE MANAGEMENT IN IoT DAEMON [1] Dynamic Service Creation
Cont..
Next Job Queue
Interruption
Nonhuman object contains
Attention Flags
Working Neighbor Group
Collocation Neighbor Group
Figure 7 : Contextual information vector for (a) human and (b)nonhuman
object
18 / 24

19. COGNITIVE MANAGEMENT IN IoT DAEMON [1]
Dynamic Service Modeling
Policies adapt dynamic environment and changing user
requirements.
Figure 8 : Creation of policies in DIAT
Policies are categorized into three groups.
High-level policy (SL level)
Concrete policy (CVO level)
Low-level policy (VO level)
19 / 24

20. COGNITIVE MANAGEMENT IN IoT DAEMON [1]
SecKit: SM Module
SM module consists of three components
Policy manager (PM)
Policy repository (PR)
Policy decision point (PDP)
Figure 9 : Security management
20 / 24

21. COMPARATIVE STUDY
Table 1 : Comparison among Architectural Proposals
IoT Characteristics DIAT MNL/SOF Arch Layered Arch
Heterogeneity Yes Partially No
Scalability Yes No No
Interoperability Yes Partially Partially
Security and Privacy Yes Partially No
Automation Partially Partially No
Distributiveness Yes Partially No
Layered Design Yes No Yes
21 / 24

22. CONCLUSION
Distributed layered architecture.
Simple and scalable.
Accommodates heterogeneous objects and support
interoperability.
Implement security and privacy aspects using usage
control policies.
Automation, intelligence, dynamicity, and zero
configuration are integral part of DIAT.
DIAT satisfies the key characteristics and goals of
an IoT architecture.
22 / 24

23. REFERENCES
[1] Chayan Sarkar, Akshay Uttama Nambi S. N, R. Venkatesha Prasad, Abdur
Rahim, Ricardo Neisse, and Gianmarco Baldini, ”DIAT: A Scalable Distributed
Architecture for IoT,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, VOL. 2, NO. 3, June 2015.
[2] Miao Wu, Ting-lie Lu, Fei-Yang Ling, ling Sun and Hui-Ying Du, ”Research on
the architecture of Internet of things,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Advanced Computer
Theory and Engineering, 2010.
[3] Huansheng Ning and Ziou Wang, ”Future Internet of Things Architecture: Like
Mankind Neural System or Social Organization Framework,” IEEE Communications
Letters, VOL. 15, NO. 4, April 2011.
[4] Lu Tan and Neng Wang, ”Future Internet: The Internet of Things,” IEEE Int.
Conf. on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, 2010.
[5] Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, and Giacomo Morabito, ”SIoT: Giving a Social
Structure to the Internet of Things,” IEEE Communications Letters, VOL. 15, NO.
11, November 2011.
23 / 24

24. THANK YOU
24 / 24