IoT and Smart Cities

IoT & Smart Cities
Technology, Challenges and Opportunities
Dr.Santhosh Krishna B V
New Horizon College of Engineering , Bengaluru, Karnataka , India

Today…
Necessity of smart city
Introduction
01 smart city –Definition , Decision tree, Typical
smart solutions ,
Smart City
02
Father of IoT, IoT market, Definition , IoT
reference model
IoT
03 How IoT helps in city management, IoT
benefits, Key challenges and solutions ,Road
Map
IoT in Smart City
04

Covid-19 has forced us all to rethink the way we live, work
and socialise, with technology proving how vital it has
become to cities and how have they responded to the
pandemic. Indeed, innovations such as the Internet of Things
(IoT), 5G and location-based services have been used to help
minimise the risk of transmission, maintain social distancing
measures and ensure the continuation of vital services.
Necessity is the mother of invention
As technology grows, the concept of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things
can be used into planning Smart cities which can gradually tackle several issues in a
coexistent society.

What is a smart city?
In general, a smart city is a city that uses technology to provide
services and solve city problems. A smart city does things like improve
transportation and accessibility, improve social services, promote
sustainability, and give its citizens a voice.
The main goals of a smart city are to improve policy efficiency, reduce waste and
inconvenience, improve social and economic quality, and maximize social inclusion.
“Smart” describes to the city’s ability to create well-being for its citizens.

Smart City
Decision Tree
NOT SMART CITY
Are there connected
devices involved ??
Is data being generated
from those devices ??
Is Government entity
involved ?

How big is IoT Market
At the end of 2019 there
were 7.6 billion active IoT
devices. According to new
research published by
Transforma Insights, this total
will grow to 24.1 billion in
2030, a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 11%.

DEFINITION - IOT
Internet of Things, which is usually abbreviated as IoT, can be described as
internet for everything. Everything here literally means everything, so that to put
it simple, IoT is an internet technology that is used for every aspect in this life,
especially works that are usually done manually with human labors.
The definition of IoT is evolving, as the term is increasingly being used to describe
objects that interact and “speak” to one another, so we can have the opportunity to
be more efficient in how we do things.

EVERYTHING – EVERYTHING
IoT
Anytime
Any
Context
Anyone
Anybody
Any
Service
Any
Business
Any Path
Any
Network
Anyplace
Anywhere
Anything
Any
device

HOW IoT helps in city
Management

:
Water Management
With IoT sensor
technology, water utility
companies can track water
consumption, pressure,
temperature and quality.
Hence, when the companies
and citizens have the hold
over estimated data such as
average water consumption
per household, the
comparison becomes easy,
and effective measure can be
taken accordingly.
So:www.finoit.com

Smart Traffic
Traffic management system coupled with
IoT, the response to traffic incidents
becomes much shorter. With this system
in place, gathering data and making
analysis in real time become easy, and
allows the system to make real time
adjustments to traffic regulation via traffic
lights.
So: www.mobiloitte.com

Smart Rails
The concept of the smart rails aims
towards improving road traffic, and in
turn ensure that commuting becomes
convenient and on timely manner,
pollution control from greenhouse
gasses, and enhanced passenger
safety.
The safety measures are easily organised
with smartrail management system. A
wholesome new level of security can be
established by installing the latest safety
measures, such as warning signs and
gates at rail crossings, fencing and other
signs and integrating all the sensors
attached to them into one system.

Smart Parking:
The Smart Parking system to
consist an on-site deployment of
an IoT module, to perform different
task to maintain and support
smart parking, including signal
monitoring, state of availability of
each single parking space, book a
parking slot and receive automatic
suggestion solution.
Based on the Internet-of-Things
technology, the efficiency of the current
cloud-based smart-parking system can
be easily achievable and helpful in
developing a network architecture

City’s Infrastructure
Machine Learning, Big Data,
Sensors, IoT, Networks etc., offers
a unique way to get a digital
infrastructure and provide an
accurate real time information
feed. This enables to make a fast,
cheap and better decision.
A city’s infrastructure is
another great prospect , IoT
can revolutionize the complete
scenario.

IoT-Benefits
Surveillance
Connected Traffic
Signals

5 keys
IoT Implementation sounds very interesting, however, execution of IoT is a complex process. As this is not
a simple process and consists of different components, it requires proper research, adequate planning
and lastly the important concern is huge budget. Each IoT components has their own challenges that can
create mess if the implementation do not take place in an organized manner. To reduce the complexities
and understand the successful implementation process, there is a great need to divide Internet of Things
into five categories such as Standards, Networks, Sensors, Analysis and Actions.

Key 1 : Standards
Keeping the standard makes a lot of difference, which is also applicable to the data collected by the sensors in
the IoT ecosystem. Well, the standards comprise data storing, processing and handling. Why this
Standardization is important? Because this process increases the quality and value of the collected data.
The two important standards are namely, technology standards and regulatory standards. The former includes
a data gathering and compiling process, and communication and network protocols, whereas the other includes
security and data privacy.
All of above, the main challenge lies in structuring giant unstructured data and handling privacy issues for
each data with regard to regulatory standards. IoT companies are failing to find proper plan, execute standard
and maintain IoT systems in the market.

Key 2 : Networks
As we know, the IoT ecosystem has dozens of sensors, these communicate with the main server, and hence this
data gets transmitted and carried over the network. The entire communication is powered by different
technologies ranging from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to WiMAX and Long Term Evolution. Hence, network
implementation is the most challenging aspect, comprising coverage, power consumption and security.

Key 3 : Sensors
By the means of active and passive sensors, the data are being collected in the IoT ecosystems.
As the advancement of technology taking place so rapidly, IoT companies have access to a variety of small,
smart and cheap sensors, but it also undergoes limitations like interoperability, security, privacy, exactness and
power consumption.

Key 4 : Analysis
What it refers to analysis in IoT? The process of inculcating data that are meaningful is know as analysis.
Internet of Things companies depends on cognitive technologies in order to refine the information gathered from
numerous sensors. And it would be impossible to analyse real-time streams of field-data without it. However, the
question is, can we rely on this technology. In this concern, we need to improve technology to process terabytes
of undefined data.
While data analysis some commonly faced challenges are inability to manage a real-time data stream and
restricted ability to analyse unstructured data. Hence, advanced cognitive technology are required to process
varied forms of data streamed in real time.

Key 5 : Actions
The adoption rate of IoT is quite slow, which has emerged out to be one of the major limitation of this new
technology. As we know, the machine action is unpredictable, and numerous security issues make it even more
challenging. Furthermore, the custom tailored software that has the ability to compile and collect data from
sensors comes expensive.
However, the two important factors which create an impact on the IoT ecosystem, are effective machine
learning and low machine-hardware prices.

The Road Ahead
From what we have seen now, the Internet of Things ecosystem is quite robust and complex.
The main paradigms in all of the practical sciences dictate that the implementations be
simplified, but it seems that IoT implementation in smart cities is definitely not going to be
less complex in the near future.

The Road Ahead
The main thing that can catalyse this process is standardization, and we have seen that it is
happening, but at a very slow pace. One thing is certain, though, IoT brings a lot of benefits
for both city authorities and citizens. This is why we can safely assume that this industry will
grow exponentially into a multi-billion dollars one.

The Road Ahead
The smartest cities on the globe are the models to be looked upon. If we want to transgress
from smart cities into a smart civilization and to reap all the benefits this technology has to
offer, we have to overcome the challenges IoT implementation brings. This is not something
that can be achieved overnight and we are placing our hopes in the innovators and experts in
this field to lead us to the smart future.

Thank you all
You can reach me out at
santhoshkrishna1987@gmail.com

IoT and Smart Cities

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