The document discusses how libraries are adopting social media and web 2.0 technologies to better serve patrons and remain relevant, as outlined in the Library 2.0 concept. It examines challenges libraries face in implementing these new services, such as choosing which technologies to adopt from the many options and ensuring sites are constantly updated. The document also notes privacy concerns that arise from users sharing information online and the need for libraries to protect patron privacy. Adopting social media allows libraries to connect with users in their online communities.
This document discusses media genres and textual analysis. It begins by defining genres as categories of cultural products that help producers and audiences. It then outlines Berger's four basic television genres based on emotionality and objectivity: contests, actualities, persuasions, and dramas. The document also discusses how genres have developed on the internet, news as a central media genre and narrative, analyses of violence and cultural texts, concepts like seriality and realism, and how texts can be gendered and polysemic. It concludes that classifying media content into genres has become more difficult with expanding and diversifying media forms.
Assessing the ability of SWAT as a water quality model in the Lake Victoria b...Timo Brussée
There is a need for a water quality model for use in the Lake Victoria basin countries in East-Africa. The
region is characterised by data scarcity, a tropical climate and riverine, lacustrine tidal wetlands which form
an important buffer to riverine pollution of the lake. These characteristics of the basin form a challenge for
water quality models. The objective is to state the strengths and weaknesses of a potential water quality
model under these challenging conditions. This objective is executed with the soil water assessment tool
(SWAT) in a catchment of the Lake Victoria Basin as pilot area. The pilot area of the Mara river basin is
hydrologically complex containing tropical and plantation forest, savanna, grasslands, bi-annual agriculture,
shrublands and wetlands. It has varied soil types and bi-annual rain seasons
The study consist of literature research and flow simulation of the transboundary Mara river basin. The
model study aims to characterise the hydrology in the pilot area. The study includes a thorough analysis of
rainfall, stage and flow data. Model preparation steps include the use of weighted-area rainfall estimation
methods, climate model data and empirical derivation of soil input parameters. Discharge calibration
methods include multi-site calibration, by making use of an alternative objective function statistic for the
commonly used Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) called the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The literature study
targets previous flow and water quality studies done in tropical or wetland areas, thereby looking to see how
these studies adapted to hydrological modelling with SWAT in tropical or wetland areas, and why theses
adaptions were made. The literature research also includes a comparison of wetland processes in SWAT
with the physical, biological and chemical processes as described in previous studies.
The Mara river basin flow simulation gave a satisfactory model performance for two out of three calibration
sites, thereby being able to give preliminary outputs on water-balance and other flow characteristics. During
research, a number of model, knowledge and data gaps were found to be critical for better understanding
the hydrological and water quality system workings in the Lake Victoria and Mara river basin. From the
model and literature study it is concluded that several issues on data scarcity and hydrological model
processes in the tropics can be overcome. These do not necessarily decrease model performance or
uncertainty in the SWAT model. However, wetland processes are oversimplified in SWAT. Modification and
coupled SWAT models yet have not been able to provide an alternative to the default model that adequately
represents the main flow, sediment and nutrients processes and fluxes that are present in Mara’s wetlands.
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
This document describes a community-based water resource management project in three villages in Burkina Faso. The project trains community members to monitor local rainfall and groundwater levels. Community members collect and analyze the data, and make decisions to sustainably manage water resources. The project also establishes monitoring committees with representatives from communities, local governments, NGOs, and national agencies to coordinate efforts. Preliminary results show communities are better able to understand threats to their water resources and make informed management decisions. Key challenges include sustaining community member participation and ensuring local authorities support the approach long-term.
This paper describes the system components that make up the second-generation Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis system, known as DART II1.
Tsunami data from the DART system can be combined with seismic data ingested into a forecast model to generate accurate tsunami forecasts for coastal areas2.
The motivation for developing a transportable, real-time, deep ocean tsunami measurement system was to forecast the impact of tsunamis on coastal areas in time to save lives and protect property. Over the past 20 years, PMEL has identified the requirements of the tsunami measurement system through evolution in both technology and knowledge of deep ocean tsunami dynamics. The requirement for transportability was a conservative approach to a phenomenon that had little data to guide strategies for choosing deployment sites. The requirement for real time was to provide data in time to create a forecast. The first-generation DART design featured an automatic detection and reporting algorithm triggered by a threshold wave-height value. The DART II design incorporates two-way communications that enables tsunami data transmission on demand, independent of the automatic algorithm; this capability ensures the measurement and reporting of tsunamis with amplitude below the auto-reporting threshold. For more accurate forecast modeling and subsequent, more reliable decision-making, this capability is very important because (a) a very large, destructive tsunami may, in fact, have a very small amplitude at any particular DART station position, and (b) small, deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes can reach destructive values, due to large, localized, shallow-water amplification factors. This latter concern was dramatically affirmed and demonstrated after measurement of a 2cm wave of a tsunami generated in Alaska was amplified to become a 40cm tsunami on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.
The document discusses the physics behind tsunamis, beginning with the causes of earthquakes. It describes plate tectonics and how the movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes. It then explains how earthquakes at sea can generate tsunamis by rapidly displacing large amounts of water. The document outlines how tsunami waves travel long distances at high speeds with little loss of energy. Finally, it discusses the impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, including physical changes to coastlines and islands as well as human impacts.
Can social media become the final frontier in customer experience management? This research paper was published in Nirma International Conference on Management, 5th Jan 2012. ISBN 93-81361-68-1
This document discusses media genres and textual analysis. It begins by defining genres as categories of cultural products that help producers and audiences. It then outlines Berger's four basic television genres based on emotionality and objectivity: contests, actualities, persuasions, and dramas. The document also discusses how genres have developed on the internet, news as a central media genre and narrative, analyses of violence and cultural texts, concepts like seriality and realism, and how texts can be gendered and polysemic. It concludes that classifying media content into genres has become more difficult with expanding and diversifying media forms.
Assessing the ability of SWAT as a water quality model in the Lake Victoria b...Timo Brussée
There is a need for a water quality model for use in the Lake Victoria basin countries in East-Africa. The
region is characterised by data scarcity, a tropical climate and riverine, lacustrine tidal wetlands which form
an important buffer to riverine pollution of the lake. These characteristics of the basin form a challenge for
water quality models. The objective is to state the strengths and weaknesses of a potential water quality
model under these challenging conditions. This objective is executed with the soil water assessment tool
(SWAT) in a catchment of the Lake Victoria Basin as pilot area. The pilot area of the Mara river basin is
hydrologically complex containing tropical and plantation forest, savanna, grasslands, bi-annual agriculture,
shrublands and wetlands. It has varied soil types and bi-annual rain seasons
The study consist of literature research and flow simulation of the transboundary Mara river basin. The
model study aims to characterise the hydrology in the pilot area. The study includes a thorough analysis of
rainfall, stage and flow data. Model preparation steps include the use of weighted-area rainfall estimation
methods, climate model data and empirical derivation of soil input parameters. Discharge calibration
methods include multi-site calibration, by making use of an alternative objective function statistic for the
commonly used Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) called the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The literature study
targets previous flow and water quality studies done in tropical or wetland areas, thereby looking to see how
these studies adapted to hydrological modelling with SWAT in tropical or wetland areas, and why theses
adaptions were made. The literature research also includes a comparison of wetland processes in SWAT
with the physical, biological and chemical processes as described in previous studies.
The Mara river basin flow simulation gave a satisfactory model performance for two out of three calibration
sites, thereby being able to give preliminary outputs on water-balance and other flow characteristics. During
research, a number of model, knowledge and data gaps were found to be critical for better understanding
the hydrological and water quality system workings in the Lake Victoria and Mara river basin. From the
model and literature study it is concluded that several issues on data scarcity and hydrological model
processes in the tropics can be overcome. These do not necessarily decrease model performance or
uncertainty in the SWAT model. However, wetland processes are oversimplified in SWAT. Modification and
coupled SWAT models yet have not been able to provide an alternative to the default model that adequately
represents the main flow, sediment and nutrients processes and fluxes that are present in Mara’s wetlands.
Integrated water resources management considers multiple perspectives in water management decisions. It aims to balance social, economic, environmental and technical factors. Key challenges include accommodating different viewpoints from governmental and interest groups, geographic regions, academic disciplines, and facilitating coordination between stakeholders. Total water management pursues the sustainable and equitable allocation of limited water resources through efficient, collaborative and adaptive long-term planning.
This document describes a community-based water resource management project in three villages in Burkina Faso. The project trains community members to monitor local rainfall and groundwater levels. Community members collect and analyze the data, and make decisions to sustainably manage water resources. The project also establishes monitoring committees with representatives from communities, local governments, NGOs, and national agencies to coordinate efforts. Preliminary results show communities are better able to understand threats to their water resources and make informed management decisions. Key challenges include sustaining community member participation and ensuring local authorities support the approach long-term.
This paper describes the system components that make up the second-generation Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis system, known as DART II1.
Tsunami data from the DART system can be combined with seismic data ingested into a forecast model to generate accurate tsunami forecasts for coastal areas2.
The motivation for developing a transportable, real-time, deep ocean tsunami measurement system was to forecast the impact of tsunamis on coastal areas in time to save lives and protect property. Over the past 20 years, PMEL has identified the requirements of the tsunami measurement system through evolution in both technology and knowledge of deep ocean tsunami dynamics. The requirement for transportability was a conservative approach to a phenomenon that had little data to guide strategies for choosing deployment sites. The requirement for real time was to provide data in time to create a forecast. The first-generation DART design featured an automatic detection and reporting algorithm triggered by a threshold wave-height value. The DART II design incorporates two-way communications that enables tsunami data transmission on demand, independent of the automatic algorithm; this capability ensures the measurement and reporting of tsunamis with amplitude below the auto-reporting threshold. For more accurate forecast modeling and subsequent, more reliable decision-making, this capability is very important because (a) a very large, destructive tsunami may, in fact, have a very small amplitude at any particular DART station position, and (b) small, deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes can reach destructive values, due to large, localized, shallow-water amplification factors. This latter concern was dramatically affirmed and demonstrated after measurement of a 2cm wave of a tsunami generated in Alaska was amplified to become a 40cm tsunami on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii.
The document discusses the physics behind tsunamis, beginning with the causes of earthquakes. It describes plate tectonics and how the movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes. It then explains how earthquakes at sea can generate tsunamis by rapidly displacing large amounts of water. The document outlines how tsunami waves travel long distances at high speeds with little loss of energy. Finally, it discusses the impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, including physical changes to coastlines and islands as well as human impacts.
Can social media become the final frontier in customer experience management? This research paper was published in Nirma International Conference on Management, 5th Jan 2012. ISBN 93-81361-68-1
Convergence in the digital world: Web 2.0, content, the librarian and the com...Mark-Shane Scale ♞
Workshop presentation for Library and Information Association of Jamaica conducted Friday, June 19, 2009 at the
Multi Purpose Room , US Embassy, 142 Old Hope Road , Kingston 6
10:00 am – 12 noon.
The document discusses East Renfrewshire Library & Information Service's (ERLIS) adoption of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 technologies to remain relevant in the 21st century. It highlights challenges faced, such as negative perceptions and budget constraints. ERLIS created Facebook pages for libraries, educated staff, and saw positive outcomes like increased awareness and attendance. Future plans include a local history wiki, bookgroup blogs, and using new equipment for podcasting. The conclusion states public libraries must build virtual spaces to connect and collaborate with their communities.
Reference Services & Social Networking - Being on the cutting edge of engagmentAriel Dagan
An analysis of current Reference Services trends in use of Social Networking by libraries in North America and Canada. This is part of a presentation of graduate work in Reference and Information Services at University of Rhode Island with Professor Amanda Izenstark.
Social Media, Libraries, and Web 2.0: How American Libraries are Using New To...Curtis Rogers, MLIS, EdD
This document discusses how libraries in the United States are using social media and Web 2.0 tools to promote services and attract new users. It provides an overview of key terms like social media and Web 2.0 and describes how libraries have embraced these tools, with many focusing on blogs, content management systems, social networks, and instant messaging. While some libraries fear potential security issues, these tools allow libraries to better compete with bookstores and communicate their value. A survey found the majority of libraries using tools like blogs and social networks to promote services.
The document discusses the concept of transliteracy and its importance for information professionals and libraries. Transliteracy involves the ability to engage with information across different platforms and media. As technologies change how people access and share information, libraries must adapt services like reference, collections, and training to help patrons develop transliteracy skills. The author argues that libraries should make transliteracy education a priority to ensure all community members can effectively use and understand digital tools for learning.
Emerging Technologies in the Workplace For Quality ServiceFe Angela Verzosa
presented at the Seminar on the theme “Basics and Beyond Librarianship: Towards a Compleat Librarian,” held at Holy Angel University, Angeles, Pampanga on September 9, 2009
This study examines a phenomenon called the "informatics moment" that occurs when library patrons seek help using new digital technologies, such as computers or the internet, at public libraries. The study identifies four types of literacy involved in these moments: basic literacy, computer literacy, library literacy, and domain literacy, which is most commonly related to job searches. These informatics moments provide opportunities to understand how social capital, such as help from familiar people, can help individuals and societies transition to the digital age by overcoming barriers. The study aims to understand both the informatics moment itself and how social capital affects the process and outcomes of these help-seeking interactions.
Final 559 Presentation: Information Literacy, Web 2.0, and Public LibrariesUBC
The document discusses using social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to teach information literacy skills to patrons in public libraries. It defines information literacy and social media, and examines how libraries can help patrons understand and evaluate information from these sources. The author provides recommendations for libraries to create social media accounts, engage patrons on these platforms, and demonstrate how to use and cite information from social media sources through hands-on instruction and opportunities to experiment.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CENTERS IAEME Publication
This paper is mainly focused on the latest development in the area of library science where the
need of social networks is playing a vital role in dissemination of information to the users. Present
days everyone is connected with each other by means of various social networks like twitter, face
book, linked in, flicker etc. Social networking sites are one of the new technologies offering
academic libraries the opportunities to reach out the users of the library. This became an effective
medium to exchange knowledge and skills of the library professionals and users also
The document provides a strategic overview of developing a Digital Public Library for Flanders. It discusses how public library roles must change to adapt to new media behaviors and the shift to a participatory digital environment. The library must become a gatekeeper, curator, guide, and participant to help people navigate the expanding digital world and universal collection. A strategy is outlined with guidelines and a roadmap to rebrand libraries and help the staff and public libraries evolve over the next 6 years.
The document discusses the growing necessity for Michigan libraries to have an online presence. It notes that while many libraries currently see their online presence as optional, recent studies show that libraries without a digital strategy are becoming irrelevant. The document analyzes the online representation of Michigan libraries of different class sizes and identifies common problems such as outdated websites and lack of accessible library services online. It proposes solutions such as using content management systems and social media to engage communities and address issues like usability and mobile accessibility.
Page | 1
Performance Rubric: Research Paper
Criteria and Qualities
Unacceptable
Does Not Meet Standard
Acceptable
Meets Standard
Target
Beyond Standard
Point Value
Introducing the idea
Neither implicit nor explicit reference is made to the topic.
Reference is made to overall problem, challenge or topic.
The topic is introduced and groundwork is laid as to the direction of the paper.
Understanding of the issue
Disjointed reference to key concepts, or only some of the key concepts are referenced. Paper appears to have no direction and subtopics lack flow and/or clarity.
No reflection.
Key concepts are referenced and identified. There is a basic flow from one paragraph to the next but not all follow natural or logical order.
Reflection on significance to library discipline is evident.
Key concepts are referenced and identified. Concepts follow logical order. Transitions tie ideas and paragraphs together.
Reflection on significance to the library discipline is well supported.
Synthesis of ideas and application
There is no indication the author tried to synthesize the information or make a conclusion. No application to library discipline.
Author provided concluding remarks showing analysis and synthesis of ideas. Some conclusions not supported. Application to library discipline is stated.
Succinct and precise conclusions showing analysis and synthesis. Conclusions and application to the library discipline are strongly supported.
Clarity of Writing
It is hard to know what the writer is trying to express. Writing is convoluted.
Writing is generally clear, but unnecesary works are occasionally used. Meaning is sometimes obscure. Sentence structure too repetitive.
Writing is crisp, clear, and succinct. The writer supports ideas with examples. Meaning is clear.
References
Less than 3 References
More than 5 years old
3 References
Less than 5 years old
3+ References
Less than 5 years old
Grammar & mechanics
Remember this includes errors in the usage of common punctuation i.e., commas, periods, verb tense, misspelled words and other errors. PROOFREAD CAREFULLY!
4-6 errors
Misspelled words, incorrect grammar, and improper punctuation are evident.
1-3 errors
Few spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors are made.
0 errors
No spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors are made.
APA Style
Remember this includes citation errors within the paper and errors citing sources on the Reference page.
4-6 errors
Did not follow APA formating and missing essential information.
1-3 errors
A few errors in essential information and / or format were evident.
0 errors
Citations did follow APA format. Essential information was accurate and complete.
ACTIVATING LIBRARY 2.0
1
MEDA 5950
Renee Lyons
Activating Library 2.0: A Research Proposal
INTRODUCTION
The continually evolving role of the library in communities and schools calls for regular reevaluation of the the library's approach to fulfilling that role. One of the most .
Grey Template Differentiated Instruction For Digital Nativesandrea feeney
The document discusses differentiated instruction for digital natives. It defines key terms like the information age and Web 2.0. Web 2.0 involves user-generated content and collaboration through social media and websites. Digital natives are today's students who are fluent in digital technologies. The document advocates differentiating instruction to match students' varied learning needs and styles, and incorporating digital tools they already use into teaching. Teachers should assess students continuously and adapt instruction accordingly.
The document discusses trends in libraries and how libraries are adapting to new technologies and user behaviors. It covers the growth of the internet and web 2.0 technologies. It describes how libraries are using web 2.0 tools like blogs, wikis and social media to provide services and engage users. Examples are given of Caribbean libraries that have implemented virtual reference, mobile websites, and social media presences. The goal of library 2.0 is to bring the library closer to users and emphasize convenience, personalization and collaboration.
Web 2.0, library 2.0, librarian 2.0, innovative services for sustainable car...Cheryl Peltier-Davis
Abstract
Caribbean libraries are being challenged to adapt to changes in the external environment. Challenges in the form of budget cuts and shrinking resources, retraining staff and reorganizing workflows, delivering traditional and innovative services to an Internet -savvy consumer, and competition from aggressive rival information services such as Google. As a result of these and other challenges in this increasingly complex and virtual environment, library administrators have been coerced into becoming more creative in their attempt to provide new and improved facilities, products and services. This paper analyses the linkages between Web 2.0, Library 2.0 and Librarian 2.0 and discusses the benefits of developing library services centered on the Web 2.0 model. The paper identifies specific Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis, social networks, folksonomies (tagging and tag clouds), RSS feeds, podcasts, instant messaging and mashups and suggests ways Caribbean libraries can harness and integrate these technologies to provide innovative and sustainable library services. The paper also provides a comprehensive resource list of these emerging technologies which are available free on the Internet.
Evolving Web, Evolving Library - Maastricht - November 10, 2008askamy
Amy Benson discusses how libraries are evolving to Library 2.0 models to better serve patrons in a Web 2.0 world. Key aspects of this evolution include embracing user participation through user-generated content and social software, providing personalized and mobile services, and integrating library data with external resources through mashups and semantic approaches. Benson urges libraries to explore new technologies, embrace change, and focus on serving patrons through an ethos of collaboration, community, and open information sharing.
Going social: the librarians bag of tricksBonaria Biancu
The document discusses the transition of libraries to Library 2.0 by embracing social media and web 2.0 technologies and principles. Key points include engaging users through social computing applications like blogs, wikis and podcasts; harnessing user participation and collaboration; and meeting users online through channels they use regularly like social networking sites and repositories. The goal for librarians is to have conversations with users through many platforms, gather and organize information for them, and share and remix content to better serve users in online spaces.
Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
Social Networking Sites And Digital Reference Services Version 02Mark-Shane Scale ♞
Done for classes at the Department of Library and Information Studies, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus.
Uploaded to be accessible to students studying the topic.
The document is a library instruction handout that provides 11 questions for students to answer using library resources. The questions cover topics like finding a biography of Barack Obama, movies about penguins, a copy of King Lear play, the physical location of The Great Gatsby, databases for business management articles, finding a specific article about teaching evolution, whether the library has certain journals, locating old journal articles, citation details for a specific article, online citation resources, and what edition of the MLA Handbook the library has. The handout aims to help students learn how to use the library resources to find different materials.
This 75-minute bibliographic instruction session for first-year students at Washington & Jefferson College aims to familiarize students with key library resources. The session will include demonstrations of the online catalog, databases, journal locator, and citation resources, as well as a 23-minute activity for students to practice navigating these resources. By the end of the session, students will learn how to search for and locate various library materials, including books, articles, and journals, and will understand how to cite sources correctly. The overarching goal is for students to gain knowledge of library resources that can support their research needs in college.
Convergence in the digital world: Web 2.0, content, the librarian and the com...Mark-Shane Scale ♞
Workshop presentation for Library and Information Association of Jamaica conducted Friday, June 19, 2009 at the
Multi Purpose Room , US Embassy, 142 Old Hope Road , Kingston 6
10:00 am – 12 noon.
The document discusses East Renfrewshire Library & Information Service's (ERLIS) adoption of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 technologies to remain relevant in the 21st century. It highlights challenges faced, such as negative perceptions and budget constraints. ERLIS created Facebook pages for libraries, educated staff, and saw positive outcomes like increased awareness and attendance. Future plans include a local history wiki, bookgroup blogs, and using new equipment for podcasting. The conclusion states public libraries must build virtual spaces to connect and collaborate with their communities.
Reference Services & Social Networking - Being on the cutting edge of engagmentAriel Dagan
An analysis of current Reference Services trends in use of Social Networking by libraries in North America and Canada. This is part of a presentation of graduate work in Reference and Information Services at University of Rhode Island with Professor Amanda Izenstark.
Social Media, Libraries, and Web 2.0: How American Libraries are Using New To...Curtis Rogers, MLIS, EdD
This document discusses how libraries in the United States are using social media and Web 2.0 tools to promote services and attract new users. It provides an overview of key terms like social media and Web 2.0 and describes how libraries have embraced these tools, with many focusing on blogs, content management systems, social networks, and instant messaging. While some libraries fear potential security issues, these tools allow libraries to better compete with bookstores and communicate their value. A survey found the majority of libraries using tools like blogs and social networks to promote services.
The document discusses the concept of transliteracy and its importance for information professionals and libraries. Transliteracy involves the ability to engage with information across different platforms and media. As technologies change how people access and share information, libraries must adapt services like reference, collections, and training to help patrons develop transliteracy skills. The author argues that libraries should make transliteracy education a priority to ensure all community members can effectively use and understand digital tools for learning.
Emerging Technologies in the Workplace For Quality ServiceFe Angela Verzosa
presented at the Seminar on the theme “Basics and Beyond Librarianship: Towards a Compleat Librarian,” held at Holy Angel University, Angeles, Pampanga on September 9, 2009
This study examines a phenomenon called the "informatics moment" that occurs when library patrons seek help using new digital technologies, such as computers or the internet, at public libraries. The study identifies four types of literacy involved in these moments: basic literacy, computer literacy, library literacy, and domain literacy, which is most commonly related to job searches. These informatics moments provide opportunities to understand how social capital, such as help from familiar people, can help individuals and societies transition to the digital age by overcoming barriers. The study aims to understand both the informatics moment itself and how social capital affects the process and outcomes of these help-seeking interactions.
Final 559 Presentation: Information Literacy, Web 2.0, and Public LibrariesUBC
The document discusses using social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to teach information literacy skills to patrons in public libraries. It defines information literacy and social media, and examines how libraries can help patrons understand and evaluate information from these sources. The author provides recommendations for libraries to create social media accounts, engage patrons on these platforms, and demonstrate how to use and cite information from social media sources through hands-on instruction and opportunities to experiment.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CENTERS IAEME Publication
This paper is mainly focused on the latest development in the area of library science where the
need of social networks is playing a vital role in dissemination of information to the users. Present
days everyone is connected with each other by means of various social networks like twitter, face
book, linked in, flicker etc. Social networking sites are one of the new technologies offering
academic libraries the opportunities to reach out the users of the library. This became an effective
medium to exchange knowledge and skills of the library professionals and users also
The document provides a strategic overview of developing a Digital Public Library for Flanders. It discusses how public library roles must change to adapt to new media behaviors and the shift to a participatory digital environment. The library must become a gatekeeper, curator, guide, and participant to help people navigate the expanding digital world and universal collection. A strategy is outlined with guidelines and a roadmap to rebrand libraries and help the staff and public libraries evolve over the next 6 years.
The document discusses the growing necessity for Michigan libraries to have an online presence. It notes that while many libraries currently see their online presence as optional, recent studies show that libraries without a digital strategy are becoming irrelevant. The document analyzes the online representation of Michigan libraries of different class sizes and identifies common problems such as outdated websites and lack of accessible library services online. It proposes solutions such as using content management systems and social media to engage communities and address issues like usability and mobile accessibility.
Page | 1
Performance Rubric: Research Paper
Criteria and Qualities
Unacceptable
Does Not Meet Standard
Acceptable
Meets Standard
Target
Beyond Standard
Point Value
Introducing the idea
Neither implicit nor explicit reference is made to the topic.
Reference is made to overall problem, challenge or topic.
The topic is introduced and groundwork is laid as to the direction of the paper.
Understanding of the issue
Disjointed reference to key concepts, or only some of the key concepts are referenced. Paper appears to have no direction and subtopics lack flow and/or clarity.
No reflection.
Key concepts are referenced and identified. There is a basic flow from one paragraph to the next but not all follow natural or logical order.
Reflection on significance to library discipline is evident.
Key concepts are referenced and identified. Concepts follow logical order. Transitions tie ideas and paragraphs together.
Reflection on significance to the library discipline is well supported.
Synthesis of ideas and application
There is no indication the author tried to synthesize the information or make a conclusion. No application to library discipline.
Author provided concluding remarks showing analysis and synthesis of ideas. Some conclusions not supported. Application to library discipline is stated.
Succinct and precise conclusions showing analysis and synthesis. Conclusions and application to the library discipline are strongly supported.
Clarity of Writing
It is hard to know what the writer is trying to express. Writing is convoluted.
Writing is generally clear, but unnecesary works are occasionally used. Meaning is sometimes obscure. Sentence structure too repetitive.
Writing is crisp, clear, and succinct. The writer supports ideas with examples. Meaning is clear.
References
Less than 3 References
More than 5 years old
3 References
Less than 5 years old
3+ References
Less than 5 years old
Grammar & mechanics
Remember this includes errors in the usage of common punctuation i.e., commas, periods, verb tense, misspelled words and other errors. PROOFREAD CAREFULLY!
4-6 errors
Misspelled words, incorrect grammar, and improper punctuation are evident.
1-3 errors
Few spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors are made.
0 errors
No spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors are made.
APA Style
Remember this includes citation errors within the paper and errors citing sources on the Reference page.
4-6 errors
Did not follow APA formating and missing essential information.
1-3 errors
A few errors in essential information and / or format were evident.
0 errors
Citations did follow APA format. Essential information was accurate and complete.
ACTIVATING LIBRARY 2.0
1
MEDA 5950
Renee Lyons
Activating Library 2.0: A Research Proposal
INTRODUCTION
The continually evolving role of the library in communities and schools calls for regular reevaluation of the the library's approach to fulfilling that role. One of the most .
Grey Template Differentiated Instruction For Digital Nativesandrea feeney
The document discusses differentiated instruction for digital natives. It defines key terms like the information age and Web 2.0. Web 2.0 involves user-generated content and collaboration through social media and websites. Digital natives are today's students who are fluent in digital technologies. The document advocates differentiating instruction to match students' varied learning needs and styles, and incorporating digital tools they already use into teaching. Teachers should assess students continuously and adapt instruction accordingly.
The document discusses trends in libraries and how libraries are adapting to new technologies and user behaviors. It covers the growth of the internet and web 2.0 technologies. It describes how libraries are using web 2.0 tools like blogs, wikis and social media to provide services and engage users. Examples are given of Caribbean libraries that have implemented virtual reference, mobile websites, and social media presences. The goal of library 2.0 is to bring the library closer to users and emphasize convenience, personalization and collaboration.
Web 2.0, library 2.0, librarian 2.0, innovative services for sustainable car...Cheryl Peltier-Davis
Abstract
Caribbean libraries are being challenged to adapt to changes in the external environment. Challenges in the form of budget cuts and shrinking resources, retraining staff and reorganizing workflows, delivering traditional and innovative services to an Internet -savvy consumer, and competition from aggressive rival information services such as Google. As a result of these and other challenges in this increasingly complex and virtual environment, library administrators have been coerced into becoming more creative in their attempt to provide new and improved facilities, products and services. This paper analyses the linkages between Web 2.0, Library 2.0 and Librarian 2.0 and discusses the benefits of developing library services centered on the Web 2.0 model. The paper identifies specific Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis, social networks, folksonomies (tagging and tag clouds), RSS feeds, podcasts, instant messaging and mashups and suggests ways Caribbean libraries can harness and integrate these technologies to provide innovative and sustainable library services. The paper also provides a comprehensive resource list of these emerging technologies which are available free on the Internet.
Evolving Web, Evolving Library - Maastricht - November 10, 2008askamy
Amy Benson discusses how libraries are evolving to Library 2.0 models to better serve patrons in a Web 2.0 world. Key aspects of this evolution include embracing user participation through user-generated content and social software, providing personalized and mobile services, and integrating library data with external resources through mashups and semantic approaches. Benson urges libraries to explore new technologies, embrace change, and focus on serving patrons through an ethos of collaboration, community, and open information sharing.
Going social: the librarians bag of tricksBonaria Biancu
The document discusses the transition of libraries to Library 2.0 by embracing social media and web 2.0 technologies and principles. Key points include engaging users through social computing applications like blogs, wikis and podcasts; harnessing user participation and collaboration; and meeting users online through channels they use regularly like social networking sites and repositories. The goal for librarians is to have conversations with users through many platforms, gather and organize information for them, and share and remix content to better serve users in online spaces.
Library and Information Services are playing a vital role in digital era. Library services are
now depends upon the Information and Communication Technology. This paper is highlight the
services of libraries with new technology. It identify the various components of ICT. It also definethe functions and challenges of ICT based library services
Social Networking Sites And Digital Reference Services Version 02Mark-Shane Scale ♞
Done for classes at the Department of Library and Information Studies, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus.
Uploaded to be accessible to students studying the topic.
Similar to Investigative Report - Social Media (20)
The document is a library instruction handout that provides 11 questions for students to answer using library resources. The questions cover topics like finding a biography of Barack Obama, movies about penguins, a copy of King Lear play, the physical location of The Great Gatsby, databases for business management articles, finding a specific article about teaching evolution, whether the library has certain journals, locating old journal articles, citation details for a specific article, online citation resources, and what edition of the MLA Handbook the library has. The handout aims to help students learn how to use the library resources to find different materials.
This 75-minute bibliographic instruction session for first-year students at Washington & Jefferson College aims to familiarize students with key library resources. The session will include demonstrations of the online catalog, databases, journal locator, and citation resources, as well as a 23-minute activity for students to practice navigating these resources. By the end of the session, students will learn how to search for and locate various library materials, including books, articles, and journals, and will understand how to cite sources correctly. The overarching goal is for students to gain knowledge of library resources that can support their research needs in college.
The document provides information about resources for finding biographies at W&J's library. It outlines that biographies can be found in the circulating collection, reference section, and several databases. The reference section contains multivolume sets providing biographies of literary figures, scientists, and historians. Subject-specific reference books cover topics like literature, science, and history. The circulating collection and online databases also offer additional biography resources.
The document provides information about legal resources available at W&J's library. It lists circulating books on law, databases that contain legal articles and cases, and reference books that define legal terms. It recommends resources like Black's Law Dictionary, West's Encyclopedia of American Law, and sets covering U.S. statutes, court cases, and Congressional actions. The tips section advises searching by call number and consulting librarians for help finding additional legal information.
This document provides information about economics resources available at W&J's library. It lists books in the circulating collection and reference section on economics topics, as well as databases that can be accessed online or in the library. The Geotom catalog and advanced search features are recommended for finding books on economics. Reference books define key terms and cover major areas of economics, while encyclopedias and dictionaries provide overview articles. Online sources like business and economics journals and news sites also offer information.
This document provides information about business resources available at W&J's library. It outlines circulating books on business topics, databases that contain business articles and news sources, and reference books that define key business terms and concepts. The reference section, circulating collection, and databases are identified as the main locations for finding business information. Tips are provided for navigating the library catalog and shelves to find related resources.
This document discusses why items may not be available to view digitally on ArchiveGrid and why scheduling a visit is sometimes necessary. It explains that the digitization process is lengthy and costly, so many archives have not digitized all their collections. Copyright issues may also prevent digital copies. The document provides an overview of what archival materials are and how to search and filter results on ArchiveGrid to find relevant information about accessing physical archival items.
The document summarizes the author's internship project at a community college library involving assessing their VHS collection and researching DVD replacements. The author compiled usage statistics and researched availability of DVD replacements, finding that many older titles were expensive or unavailable. This highlighted issues like rising costs of library materials and rapid format changes. The project gave insight into budget challenges and the need to update outdated formats to maintain a positive library image.
The strategic plan outlines the goals and objectives of Randolph Library at Miami Coast University from 2012-2014. The plan aims to 1) increase the library's digital presence by redeveloping its website and digitizing more of its collection, 2) redevelop its physical space to encourage collaboration, and 3) support the university's environmental commitments. Key objectives include assessing database subscriptions, expanding access to online resources abroad, and creating new staff positions for an Electronic Resources Librarian and Oceanography Librarian. The plan provides details on implementation, including focus groups, department consultations, and evaluations, to accomplish its vision of developing the library as a global classroom.
This document defines primary and secondary sources and provides guidance on evaluating their legitimacy and authority. It explains that primary sources are original materials created at the time of an event, while secondary sources analyze or interpret primary sources. The document recommends asking who created the source, its purpose, where the information comes from, and provides examples of both primary and secondary sources. It also lists some library databases and websites that can be used to find primary and secondary sources.
WorldCat is a database that allows users to search the catalogs of over 1.5 billion items from thousands of libraries around the world. It can be accessed through a library's website. Users can perform advanced searches and apply various limits and filters to their searches, such as by publication year, language, format, subject, and number of holding libraries. Search results provide bibliographic information and identify which libraries own copies of each item.
The document provides instructions for using the Project Muse database. It explains that Project Muse allows limiting search results by various criteria and contains over 340 peer-reviewed journals from 1995 to present. It describes how to browse by research area, title, publisher, books or journals, or search by keywords. It also explains what the colored circles next to results indicate regarding access and how to request items not fully available.
This database, Points of View, provides access to essays, periodicals, images, and other materials on controversial issues. Users can browse topics and categories or search basic or advanced. Search results are divided by document type, and clicking a title shows the citation record with links to view the full text. The database helps develop arguments and critical thinking skills for debates or papers.
MEDLINE is a medical database from the National Library of Medicine containing over 17 million abstracts from 1950 to present covering all areas of medicine. It is useful for in-depth medical research requiring detailed knowledge. Users can search by keywords, subjects, authors, and limit searches by date, language, record type, and availability at their institution. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is the controlled vocabulary thesaurus used to effectively search and retrieve related results in MEDLINE.
Lexi-PALS is a database accessible through the library's website that provides information about over 1450 medications and natural products. It can be used to find practical information about medications, such as when and how to take a medication, possible side effects, and storage instructions. The database also provides audio of entries that can be listened to and downloaded. While Lexi-PALS contains useful information, users should always confirm any details with a medical professional.
The document provides information about how to use the JSTOR database. It includes:
1) Explanations of the circular icons next to search results, which indicate the level of full-text access.
2) Instructions for requesting articles that are only available as citations via interlibrary loan.
3) An overview of the browsing and searching features in JSTOR, including browsing by discipline, title, and publisher or searching with advanced search or citation locators.
Eleanor Gehman is applying for the position of librarian at Perfect Library. She describes helping a hesitant student find sources on the War of Castilian Succession, reinforcing her desire to assist students through the research process. Gehman believes social media is critical for librarians to reach out to students, create participatory environments, and embrace communication between librarians and patrons. She maintains the internal blog at Washington & Jefferson College's library to gain experience with shared communication among librarians. Gehman hopes to discuss her vision for using social media in academic libraries with the search committee.
Ms. Frizzle is a new preschool teacher passionate about dinosaurs since childhood. She needs accurate children's books about dinosaurs for a new classroom unit. An interactive online catalog allows browsing or searching books by category, including instructional and picture books. Selections include Dinomania about crafts and The Super Hungry Dinosaur. A mother also wants new dinosaur books for her daughter to continue exploring her interest, while her son has moved on to other topics. The system helps her find books like Dinosaur vs. Bedtime through browsing options.
This document provides a metadata application profile mapped to Dublin Core elements and terms. It includes elements such as title, creator, subject, description, format, and intended audience. For each element, the document specifies properties like obligation, input guidelines, and allowed value vocabularies to apply consistent metadata to described materials.
The document provides a collection description for several children's books, listing information like author, illustrator, publisher, copyright date, subject matter, book dimensions, number of pages, reading level, and brief summaries. Some of the books described include "Harold and the Purple Crayon: Dinosaur Days" about a boy who uses his crayon to draw a jungle hoping to find dinosaurs, "Jurassic Poop" which explains what coprolites are and their importance to paleontologists, and "When Dinosaurs Came With Small" about a boy whose mother worries but he is delighted to discover dinosaurs.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Investigative Report - Social Media
1. LIS 2000
18 October 2011
The Rise of Social Media: Following Library 2.0 Principles to Maximize User
Satisfaction
I. Executive Summary
This investigative report examines scholarly articles pertaining to the issue of
social media and its relation to libraries. The discussion begins with an examination of
Web 2.0 services. Web 2.0 is a user-driven, participatory environment. From Web 2.0
rose a set of principles and services referred to as Library 2.0. Library 2.0 asserts that
libraries utilize Web 2.0 technologies to stay relevant in the current Information Age and
to provide users with the tools they need to successfully obtain the information they
desire. Libraries are achieving this goal by implementing social networking pages, blogs,
wikis, IM/chat features, and physical space changes. The adoption of new virtual
programs has not been without its problems, including an overwhelming number of
options to choose from, making sure to update web services constantly, and privacy
concerns. This change is occurring globally, with a push towards information centers
focusing on computer stations and communal areas rather than stacks of books. The
American Library Association and the International Federation of Library Associations
and Institutions are the main authorities for the promotion of librarianship and the drive
to transform libraries into interactive communities. The conclusion reached is that it is
essential for libraries to adapt to this new participatory virtual environment to ensure
survival for the years to come. Only by meeting users in the online world they are most
comfortable in (one in which the users shape their experiences) can libraries effectively
serve their patrons.
2. II. Introduction
You see it everywhere: on the bus, in the library, in a coffee shop. Prominent on
screens of all devices is that typeface recognized all over the world: Facebook. With an
impressive 800 million users and over seventy-five percent of those outside the United
States, Facebook seems inescapable (Facebook 2011). Twitter, while not coming close to
Facebook‟s active users in numbers, is quickly gaining popularity for its conciseness. We
share, we comment, we like, we tweet. Facebook has even become a verb; “I‟ll Facebook
you” can often be heard at social events. Facebook and Twitter are just the most popular
social networks; there are many others on the Internet. The tide of popularity changes
frequently online. One day another social network may rise to replace the giants of today,
like how Facebook overran MySpace. The significance is that, no matter the name, social
networks are here to stay. The sentiment of connection and community online is now
fully ingrained in our societal consciousness. For libraries, as perpetual servers of
communities, this presents an opportunity unlike any seen in the field before. Librarians
can now connect with and reach out to their users in new and exciting ways. The users
have moved to the online community, and to meet their needs, libraries must do the same
to remain relevant in the current environment.
III. Definition, Key Points, and Relevancy
Social media can be defined as “technology that facilitates interactive information,
user-created content and collaboration” (Elefant 4). Social media is a key part of the new
generation of the web. To understand the trends libraries should follow to communicate
with their users, one must first define Web 2.0. This term arrived in 2004 to illustrate the
3. new functions of the World Wide Web. From an unchanging, one-way information route
to an innovative, user-driven community, the Web has become ubiquitous with social
media with users participating in every aspect of their online presence. Out of this
mentality rose Library 2.0. Michael Casey first coined the term on his blog
LibraryCrunch and later said that Library 2.0 “should include three elements: constant
change, giving library users control through participatory, user-driven services and
implementing these to improve and reach out to both present and potential users”
(Anttiroiko and Savolainen 91). From a questionnaire of library professionals in Finland
participating in a Library 2.0 workshop, researchers identified seven core components to
be interactivity, users, participation, libraries and library services, web and web 2.0,
social aspects, and technology and tools (Holmberg et al. 675-6). These definitions place
emphasis on participation by library users. Users control their experience by giving input
and receiving information relevant to their needs and wants.
Why should every library adopt a Library 2.0 philosophy? The simple answer is
that the users demand it. Libraries see fewer and fewer patrons within their walls because
it‟s more convenient to find what they need on their computer at home. Why go all the
way to the library when what you need is a click and a second away? This is the
mentality of the emerging generations. From children just learning to type to teens
addicted to their smart phones, these are the people the library needs to cater to. People
are no longer learning technological skills later in life; children are now learning how to
utilize technology to their advantage from infancy. A 2007 survey indicated “91% of
teens surveyed are using social networking” and “over 50% of teens…have an online
profile somewhere” (Sodt and Summey 99). Those numbers are most likely even higher
4. today. Libraries need to adopt a philosophy that accounts for this change in skillset of
their users in order to keep them interested as they grow. Janet Hilbunstresses that
“today‟s teens are technologically savvy and use these technologies in a variety of ways”
(48). To keep the next generation involved in their libraries, libraries and librarians have
to “meet teens where they are – whether it is on a blog, a website, or a social network”
(Hilbun 49).
Library 2.0 involves a philosophy that accents creating a community for library
users through the use of conversation, participation, experience, and sharing (Stephens
255). Open discussion about library policies between librarians and patrons with constant
feedback and responses is crucial. Instead of an elitist, exclusionary attitude, the library
should involve users directly in the day-to-day activities. This discussion and
participation leads to improvements in service. The experience becomes engaging and
challenging when the users are learning in an environment they created and influenced.
Connections come from the sharing of opinions and library use among community
members. Library 2.0 paints the picture of a user community that directly influences its
experiences to become the most beneficial it can be.
IV. Problems and Solutions
The essential nature of a library is its continuing services as an information center.
Libraries have the resources and librarians can find them. Patrons have high expectations
of what a library can do and “libraries can adopt the Web 2.0 technologies and Library
2.0 philosophies to better serve their customers” (Sodt and Summey 107). With Web 2.0
technologies, libraries can move their information online to provide easy and convenient
access. However, there are a multitude of options to do this: social networks, blogs, wikis,
5. chat, and more. In adopting new programs, libraries ran into the same problem as their
patrons: information overload. There are so many different programs available that the
choice of how many to include in the library‟s services and which ones became a difficult
conundrum that libraries will continue to face for many years to come. Sodt and Summey
warn “librarians would go insane trying to adopt and implement everything at once”
(107-8). The solution is to pick and choose which programs best serve each library‟s
community. Not every social outlet will be ideal for the specific users a library serves.
Chu and Meulemans recommend “explor[ing] options and appropriately, minimally
integrat[ing] new tools into the existing array of technology used in [the] library” (74).
To decide which option is best, user input is essential. Feedback provides accurate ideas
of how users are reacting to the programs implemented by the library and helps librarians
formulate plans for updating and improving the library‟s online presence. Changing a
library‟s procedures, whether electronic or physical, is a process and “libraries must be
willing to examine all their services and resources and see what might be discarded”
(Sodt and Summey 108). Managing a library‟s online services requires consideration and
deliberation. Patrons expect a certain level of innovative technology usage, but “if
managers adopt technology too quickly…it can alienate staff and users” (Carpenter and
Green 158-9).
A library creates an online profile or begins a new blog, but doesn‟t update or
regulate the information. This situation poses the problem in the reasoning of many
libraries that “if we build it, they will come.” Simply having an online presence is no
longer enough. Librarians need to participate in constant upkeep of social profiles or
6. blogs to provide users with relevant information. A user won‟t visit a site if the site can‟t
meet the user‟s needs.
The extensive amount of sharing that is now part of the online experience raises
the issues of privacy and confidentiality. Facebook is often criticized for its privacy
policies, as the default setting is now the most public one for a user‟s information. In
creating online communities where patrons can contribute by writing comments and
sharing their personal library use, libraries need to be aware of and sensitive to the
privacy of their users. The ALA demands in its Code of Ethics that libraries “protect each
library user‟s right to privacy and confidentiality with respect to information sought or
received and resources consulted, borrowed, acquired or transmitted” (ALA). The
problem comes with the nature of social networks in that a social network “gains
usefulness when you are identifiable…and share information about yourself” (Griffey 35).
Libraries have clearly operated under the opposite principle: user information is private.
To ensure patron privacy, a library can allow “anonymous comments and tagging within
the catalog” and maintain the rule that “library users should not be required to identify
themselves publicly in order to participate in virtual services” (Casey and Savastinuk).
The most important aspect of bringing the library online is making participation possible
for all users. If users don‟t wish to identify themselves, it shouldn‟t prevent them from
utilizing all of the library‟s services.
Another problem related to privacy is that of minors using online social networks.
Serious issues that can result in emotional damage or lead to physical altercations and
place a minor in danger,like peer pressure and bullying, have traveled online as well.
Libraries have to maintain the safety of their young patrons. The solution of limiting
7. access to social networks isn‟t a perfect one. It raises another issue in conflict with library
principles, which promote free and open access to any information. There is a careful
balance to maintain and libraries must use their discretion.
V. Current Models
Libraries and librarians have Facebook pages, Twitter accounts, blogs, wikis, and
more. While still in a transitional phase, libraries are making their online presence known.
Social networking sites are used to spread news about library events, inform patrons
about important library details, and to communicate directly with patrons via their
preferred medium. Facebook started with groups. Libraries could make a group that users
could join and then messages could be sent to all the members. Though groups are still on
Facebook, pages are now the most popular form of reaching many people at once.
Libraries can create Facebook pages that users can like. Liking a page means updates
appear in the user‟s daily newsfeed. Utilizing a Facebook page can be a great way to
reach users directly with the updates they need to know about the library. Librarians can
use their own personal profiles to reach out to users as well. They can use their wall to
“answer questions, post items to talk about favorite books, albums to share pictures of
library events, and events to share scheduled events like workshops or library classes”
(Sodt and Summey 100). Using both a library page and librarians‟ profiles makes sure
users have multiple ways to find what they need and contribute to the services of the
library. Multiple librarians can manage one uniform library page, ensuring that the page
has constant maintenance. Facebook also shows when a person is online, so a user can
always know which librarian can be reached at the moment of need. Facebook can also
help students with their academic career by “remind[ing] students of the library services
8. and resources available to support their academic success – from expert research help to
additional study hours” (Chu and Meulemans 81). Third-party programmers can create
applications to use on Facebook, which some libraries have implemented. Application
development has been mostly used to create catalog-searching apps. The library of the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has an application that uses the library‟s
search assistant. Patrons can find out what the library owns on Facebook (Sodt and
Summey 100). Twitter use is on the rise. Twitter accounts are great ways for libraries to
give brief statements about current happenings in the library. Followers aren‟t
overwhelmed by information they don‟t need at the time; they just get an immediate idea
of events they might be interested in. Both of these sites serve as promotional
opportunities to “create awareness of library services and events” (Chu and Meulemans
82).
Wikis can be great resources for students to consult when conducting research or
writing papers. Librarians can fill wikis with “FAQs, hard-to-answer questions,…and
possibly links to online reference resources” (Sodt and Summey 102). Wikis store
answers to questions students may have during their academic careers in an easy to
access location. Pitt‟s LibGuides are an implementation of the Wiki idea. LibGuides
provide links to databases by subject for easy searching. It can become overwhelming to
try and search through all of the databases Pitt subscribes to; subject-specific lists narrow
the search pool to the sources most likely to be useful. There are also class-specific
LibGuides that are resources to consult during the semester; these will definitely come in
handy for that class‟s assignments. Currently there isn‟t a huge number of LibGuides, and
9. they certainly don‟t cover everything relevant to attending classes at Pitt, but librarians
are working on improving and adding to these guides.
Blogs are an informal way for librarians to collaborate to share information with
their users. Users can get different points of view from multiple librarians who have
diverse interests and writing styles. Users can also contribute with comments that can
lead to intelligent discussions. Blogs often have space to include other features like
calendars or widgets. Library blogs can be about anything: library news, book
recommendations, or advertising for new library resources (Sodt and Summey 103).
WordPress and Blogger are two completely free blog platforms that are extremely
popular. Librarians can design the blog in almost any way they wish without needing to
know HTML or other coding languages.
RSS feeds are commonly used as well. RSS (Rich Site Summary) “allows people
to subscribe to web sites, blogs, podcasts, or anything else that provides a feed” (Sodt and
Summey 104). This is extremely convenient for users, who choose the information they
want frequently and don‟t have to worry about visiting every site they like all the time.
Social bookmarking is a similar idea. The most popular bookmarking site is del.icio.us,
where users can save links to their favorite sites in one place. The best part of del.icio.us
accounts is that they can be accessed from any device. Librarians can use a del.icio.us
account to provide expert opinions on important and valuable sites.
Libraries are also changing the way they handle requests and inter-library loans to
include Library 2.0 principles. In-demand purchasing benefits libraries and users.
Libraries don‟t need to waste money on items that no one uses and users get exactly what
they want. This indicates a move towards “a more patron-driven selection process, using
10. interlibrary loan requests as a collection development tool” (Sodt and Summey 106).
Direct patron participation in collection development increases user satisfaction.
Traditional reference services were provided by a reference librarian manning a
physical desk in a (hopefully) convenient location in the library with limited hours.
Reference services are making the move online with a virtual desk. IM programs like
Meebo let libraries have a widget wherever they want on their webpage. Multiple IM
sessions can be maintained at once. While synchronous communication is convenient and
easy to follow when conducting research, librarians can also be reached by email for
reference needs. IM lets patrons reach their librarians from the comfort of their home.
Utilizing this service is key for libraries that want to appeal to the next generation;
surveys indicate that “80% of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 use IM on a
daily basis” (Sodt and Summey 107).
Virtual services aren‟t the only areas libraries are changing. Libraries are
redefining their physical space so that patrons can better utilize it. Library 2.0 asserts that
libraries should follow the wants and needs of patrons and physical space is a tool
libraries can use to do so. The focus of the library is no longer the stacks, which are being
moved or emptied to make room for communal spaces when patrons can interact.
Computer workstations are now dominating the library, with tables and chairs near
convenient outlet access.
VI. Research
A plethora of studies about social media and libraries exists, but three will be
highlighted in this report: one from the perspective of librarians and two from the
perspective of users. The first is a study concerned with Facebook and academic libraries.
11. 244 academic librarians in the United States were surveyed to find out about “the
practical effect Facebook has had on libraries, as well as librarians‟ perspectives,
perceived roles associated with, and awareness of Internet social trends and their place in
the library” (Charnigo and Barnett-Ellis 24). 126 librarians returned the survey. The
results indicated that the majority knew about Facebook, didn‟t think that Facebook had
an effect on other library services, and had no particular like or dislike of the website. A
small number were enthusiastic about the potential of using Facebook for the library. As
this survey was conducted in 2007, these opinions seem to be outdated. It would be
interesting to see the results of the same study today. The awareness of Facebook would
certainly be higher and the enthusiasm for utilizing Facebook to reach students would
probably be as well.
Another study was conducted at Sam Houston State University (SHSU) to aid
library service development by determining student usage of various technologies. About
37% of the student body, including undergraduate and graduate students, was surveyed.
The results were as follows: 97% had Internet access at home, 10.5% owned an e-reader,
98.8% owned a mobile device, 21% used Twitter, 16.4% used RSS feeds, 64% used IM
services, and 36% listened to podcasts (Cassidy et al.). Interest in library presence on
other sites, like Facebook, YouTube, or blogs, ranged from 34-48%. A major point that
can be taken from this study is that libraries need to cater to their specific population
rather than just following popular trends. Maintaining “excellent core services” must be a
focus for libraries because without them, a “flashy library presence in the Web 2.0 world
adds little value to the user experience” (Cassidy et al. 390). The authors also stress
“what is true for one library may not be true for others” (Cassidy et al. 390).
12. The final study examined member satisfaction in The Commons on Flickr. The
Commons consists of libraries, archives, and museums. The Commons has two main
goals: “(1) to increase access to publicly held photography collections and (2) to provide
a way for the general public to contribute information and knowledge” (Vaughan 186).
The Commons “generally highlight archival, historical content…as opposed to
contemporary photos” (Vaughan 187). The author surveyed all members of the Commons
– twenty-seven at the time of the survey (summer 2009). Issues that were cited were loss
of control and context of the photos and staff time needed to monitor the comments, tags,
etc. On average, 4.2 people per institution were involved with the Commons with no
activity requiring more than ten hours a week. Members chose user-interaction as a main
reason for joining the Commons. The majority said that their photos in the Commons
were available in another online source. The majority also indicated that the overall
popularity of their photos exceeded their expectations. This survey reaffirms the
mentality of Library 2.0. The institutions were using Flickr to reach their patrons and
more importantly, get their patrons participating and discussing the institutions‟ digital
materials.
VII. Global View
The main trend in international libraries is towards an interactive library
experience. The new library utilizes a design “where printed, physical, and traditional
materials are presented side by side with digitized, virtual services” (Niegaard 180).
These libraries are designed around a common meeting place for users to read or work.
Personal immersion in communal knowledge results from these new libraries. Libraries
are also being combined with other buildings, like shops and cafés. Japan hosts the
13. Sendai Médiathèque, which includes the library with an “art gallery, cinema, auditorium,
and cyber café” (Niegaard 180). The United Kingdom boasts the Idea Stores in London.
The Idea Stores melds the library with shopping and social meeting centers. The Idea
Store promotes adult education in disadvantaged areas in an informal way (Niegaard 182).
Denmark libraries are making strides in interactive and intelligent space. By
communicating with users to determine common behaviors, these libraries are combining
space and technology through integration of new technologies like touch screens. The
Interactive Children‟s Library is a project that “focus[es] on learning and interactivity”
(Niegaard 180-1). Denmark is also changing from closed stacks to “open-storage areas
with free access for the public” (Niegaard 181). This frees up staff from running back and
forth in the stacks and allows users to get their information directly. Denmark libraries
are also enthusiastic about 24/7 access. There is “a strong trend in Demark of converting
branch libraries into all-day, open self-service local libraries with limited professional
librarian assistance, access by magnetic card, and surveillance of activities via closed-
circuit television” (Niegaard 182).
In countries struggling to join the information age, libraries can be tools to
disseminate information about government and allow citizens to become more connected
globally. A study of hybrid libraries (libraries with more than one kind of material, i.e.
print and digital) in Africa showed that libraries were helping to “bridge the digital divide
between the haves and have-nots” (Uutoni et al.). The study focused on Namibia. The
authors assert that libraries should be used more for e-governance and should assist in
putting more government information online. Many problems exist for Namibian
14. libraries: building awareness of e-governance materials, bandwidth issues, infrastructure
development, and lack of funding (Uutoni et al.).
In Australia, three public libraries of Victoria have implemented Web 2.0 services
with success. The Casey-Cardinia Library Corporation (CCLC) created a number of
blogs for news and library changes, local history, teens, and book reviews. They also use
Flickr for photos of a new branch and a Google Maps mash-up to bring people into their
physical locations. They also utilize del.icio.us to provide links to useful sites. The
Eastern Regional Libraries (ERL), with thirteen branches, runs a successful events blog,
uses LibraryThing for new books added to the catalog, and a user-generated reviews
blog. The Frankston Library Service, with only two branches, ran into financial problems
so they chose to create a free blog with a fun, informal feel to offset the boring one of
their official website (Gosling et al.).
VIII. Associations and Publications
In the United States, the main authority lies with the American Library
Association. The ALA promotes librarianship and has guidelines and codes for everyone
involved with libraries to follow. The ALA utilizes Web 2.0 technologies to keep
librarians informed of current trends in the library field. Librarians from all over the
country can serve on committees and participate in educational discussions of relevant
topics. The ALA also often hosts webinars to promote professional development. The
Library & Information Technology Association (LITA), a division of the ALA, focuses
on emerging technologies (ALA). Members can learn about applications for new
technologies. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
(IFLA) represents the library field worldwide (IFLA).
15. The ALA has two publications relevant to the issue of social media. Library
Technology Reports and Smart Libraries Newsletter provide information about
integrating new Web 2.0 technologies in libraries (ALA). The IFLA Journal and IFLA
Publications Series both deal with how international libraries can promote their services
and influence the world (IFLA). Library Trends would also be an authoritative source on
current trends in librarianship through in-depth articles (JHU).
IX. Conclusion
Just as Web 2.0 is the next generation of the World Wide Web, Web 2.0 users are
the next generation of library patrons. Libraries need to use these technologies to reach
their users and stay relevant in the Information Age. The adaptation from a stacks-based
library to a user-driven information center is a continuing process that requires careful
decision-making. Libraries are in a crucial period where the decisions made today will
affect the future of libraries everywhere. We need to guide a change in society‟s
perception of what libraries can do for their communities. There are two major principles
that libraries should follow in leading this change. In adopting new technologies, libraries
must not rush into it and overwhelm themselves with too many programs. This spreads
staff too thin and results in programs that aren‟t updated frequently. Stagnant online
presence leads to virtual death with no users visiting the pages or using the services.
Libraries need to deliberate and determine which programs best serve their user
population. The other principle to follow is to adopt programs that allow user
participation. Today‟s user demands the ability to build his or her online environment
through customization and direct input. Libraries should consult their patrons through
frequent surveys to gain an accurate knowledge of what their users need and desire. The
16. library field is in transition. New and exciting challenges await those willing to dedicate
the effort to keeping libraries an integral part of society.
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