1. COUNSELLING
(An Introduction)
Negotiation & Counseling (Unit IV)

4. Introduction
 Counselling is a wonderful twentieth-century
invention.
 We live in a complex, busy, changing world.
 In this world, there are many different types
of experience that are difficult for people to
cope with.
 To counsel is to advice
 The goal of counseling is to help individuals
overcome many of their future problems

5. Intro…….
 Counselling has to minister a variety of
problems, such as educational, vocational,
parental and personal
 Parents, teachers, friends, ministers, doctors,
nurses, social workers, personnel officers,
lawyers as well as a host of other people give
counsel

6. Paula’s Story - Counselling
Paula had been driving her car. Her friend, Marian, was a
passenger. Without any warning they were hit by another
vehicle, the car spun down the road, and Paula thought ‘this
is it’. Following this frightening event, Paula experienced
intense flashbacks to the incident. She had nightmares
which disturbed her sleep. She became irritable and hyper
vigilant, always on the alert. She became increasingly
detached from her family and friends, and stopped using her
car. Paula worked hard at trying to forget the accident, but
without success. When she went to see a counsellor, Paula
was given some questionnaires to fill in, and he gave her a
homework sheet that asked her to write about the incident
for ten minutes each day at a fixed time.

7. Paula’s Story - Counselling
In the next counselling session, she was asked to dictate an account
of the event into a tape recorder, speaking in the first person as if
it was happening now. She was told to play the trauma tape over
and over again, at home, until she got bored with it. In session 3,
the counsellor suggested a way of dealing with her bad dreams,
by turning the accident into an imaginary game between two
cartoon characters. In session 4 she was invited to remember her
positive, pre-accident memories. She was given advice on starting
to drive her car again, beginning with a short five-minute drive,
then gradually increasing the time behind the wheel. Throughout
all this, her counsellor listened carefully to what she had to say,
treated her with great respect and was very positive about her
prospects for improvement. After nine sessions her symptoms of
posttraumatic stress had almost entirely disappeared, and she
was able to live her life as before.

8. Counselling Defined
 Counselling is an interactive process
conjoining the counselee who needs
assistance and the counsellor who is trained
and educated to give the assistance.
 The counsellor can initiate, facilitate and
maintain the counselee to make
interpretations of facts relating to a choice,
plan or adjustment which he needs to make.

9. Misconception about Counselling
 Counselling is not
1. Giving information though information may be
given.
2. Giving advice, making suggestions and
recommendations
3. Influencing the client’s values, attitudes, beliefs,
interests, decisions, etc.
4. Interviewing clients

10.  Counselling is concerned with bringing about
a voluntary change in the client.
 The counsellor provides facilities to help
achieve the desired change or make the
suitable choice.
 The client alone is responsible for the
decision or choices he makes, thought the
counsellor may assist in this process by his
warmth and understanding relationship.

11. Relationship between counselling and
psychotherapy
 Psychotherapy is provided by practitioners
who are usually very highly trained specialist
professionals, often with a background in
medicine.
 Psychotherapy can be a lengthy process,
may consist of a series of ten or twelve
sessions.
 Most psychotherapists would consider it
necessary for clients to be in treatment for a
year or more for beneficial results to occur.

12. Relationship between counselling
and psychotherapy….
 One significant difference between counselling
and psychotherapy is that much counselling is
conducted by non-professional volunteer
workers, whereas psychotherapy is an
exclusively professional occupation.
 However, both counselling and psychotherapy
can be viewed as activities distinct from
advice-giving, caring and teaching.

13. Aim/ Objectives of Counselling
 Insight. The acquisition of an understanding of the
origins and development of emotional difficulties,
leading to an increased capacity to take rational
control over feelings and actions
 Relating with others. Becoming better able to form
and maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationships with other people: for example, within
the family or workplace.
 Self-awareness. Becoming more aware of thoughts
and feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or
developing a more accurate sense of how self is
perceived by others.

14.  Self-acceptance. The development of a positive
attitude towards self, marked by an ability to
acknowledge areas of experience that had been
the subject of self-criticism and rejection.
 Problem-solving. Finding a solution to a specific
problem that the client had not been able to
resolve alone. Acquiring a general competence in
problem
 Cognitive change. The modification or
replacement of irrational beliefs or mal-adaptive
thought patterns associated with self destructive
behaviour

15.  Empowerment. Working on skills, awareness
and knowledge that will enable the client to
take control of his or her own life.
 Restitution. Helping the client to make amends
for previous destructive behaviour.
 Generativity and social action. Inspiring in the
person a desire and capacity to care for others
and pass on knowledge (generativity) and to
contribute to the collective good through
political engagement and community work.

16. Counselling – An interdisciplinary area
Counselling
Philosophy
Arts
Science
Religion

18. GOD BLESS YOU………
Course Instructor:
Dr. Parikshit Joshi
E-mail: drparikshitjoshi@gmail.com
Blog: www.joshimannu.blogspot.com