this slide is tells us about general tissue culture history and history about discovery of plant tissue culture. it include advantage of virus free planting

1. MSc. Microbiology seminar presentation
School of life science, JNU, Jaipur
date 2017
INTRODUCTION TO
VIRUS FREE PLANT CULTURE
By:
Praveen Kumar verma
Jaipur National University
Jagatpura, Jaipur

2. HISTORY 0F TISSUE CULTURE
Tissue culture is refers to technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds
or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium In vitro.
The history of plant tissue culture begins with the concept of cell theory given
independently by Schleiden 1838 and Schwann 1839 that established the cell as a
functional unit.
Haberlandt Realized that asepsis was necessary when culture media enriched
with organic substances metabolized by microorganisms.
In 1898 he cultured single cells on Knop’s salt solution.
In his cultures the cell were able to synthesize starch as well as increase in
size.
He failed in his goal to induce cell division.
Despite of failures Haberlandt proposed that plant cells are totipotent
Totipotency is ability of individual cells to express the phenotype of
whole plant from which it is derived
Haberlandt is regarded as father of plant tissue culture

3.  Hanning(1904) Embryo culture of selected crucifers.
 Robbins (1922), Kotte In Vitro culture of root tips.
 Laibach (1925) Use of embryo culture technique in inter-specific crosses of Linum.
 White (1934-37) Successful culture of tomato roots importance of vitamins in growth media.
 Snow, Gautheret (1934-1939) Importance of auxin as growth regulator.
 Gautheret, Nobecourt, White (1939) Successful establishment of continuously growing cultures.
 Van Overbeek (1941) Use of coconut milk containing a cell division factor first time in Datura.
 Skoog and Tsui (1951), Miller et al (1955), In vitro cell differentiation, discovery of Kinetin.
 Morel and Martin (1952) Application of micro grafting to obtain virus free plants.
 Muir (1953) Isolation and culture of single cells from plants.
 Skoog and Miller (1957) Discovery of principle of hormonal control of the organ formation in tissue culture.
 Reinert and Steward (1958-59) First report on somatic embryogenesis.
 Jones et al (1960) Hanging drop method of cell culture.
 Bergmann (1960) Bergmann cell culture technique.
 E C Cocking (1960) Isolation of protoplasts by enzymatic degradation method.
 Murashige and Skoog (1962) Development of MS media.
 Guha and Maheshwawari (1964) Production of First haploid plant by anther culture.
 Power et al (1970) Protoplast fusion.
 Takabe et al (1971)Rgeneration of first plant from protoplast.
 Carlson et al (1972) First report on inter-specific hybridization through protoplast fusion.
HISTORY 0F TISSUE CULTURE

4. HISTORY 0F VIRUS FREE PLANT CULTURE
Morel and Martin (1952) developed meristem
culture technique and recovered Dahlia shoots, free
from viruses, by meristem tip culture. In 1955, they
recovered virus free potato. This attained wide
application of plant tissue culture to raise virus free
plants in agriculture.

5. Types of culture
Plant tissue culture
Embryo culture Seed culture Meristem culture
Protoplast cultureCell culture
Callus culture
Bud culture
Organ culture
Use for Virus
free plant
culture

6. Meristem culture
Tissue culture :-Morel and Martin (1952) developed the
technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of
Dahlia.
Shoots of all angiosperms and gymnosperms grow by virtue of
their apical meristems.
The apical meristem is usually a dome of tissue located at the
extreme tip of a shoot and measures approx. 0.1 mm in
diameter and 0.25 to 0.3 mm in length.
Meristem or shoot tip is isolated from stem by applying a
Vshaped cut.
MS medium salts have been very satisfactory for such cultures
though White’s and Gautheret’s were the most widely used
media during the early days of meristem culture.

7. Flow diagram of Meristem culture

14. Thank you