High-profile science champions such as Stephen Hawking, Neil DeGrasse Tyson and Bill Nye The Science Guy have all gone on record to have a pop at philosophy as past its sell-by date, now that we have SCIENCE to tell us the truth about the world – even going as far as to proclaim the centuries-old discipline, like jazz or guitar rock*, is dead.
Doctor of philosophy James Wakefield and ex-philosophy teacher Thomas Morton have found themselves on the wrong end of this frustrating pub conversation and, frankly, take umbrage at what seems to be a fundamental misunderstanding of the difference in what science and philosophy respectively do.
In this talk they intend to gather up their "beefs" and air them – in the process outlining a personal take on what philosophy is all about, while making a case for why it is not going away and is worth paying attention to. Even for scientists.
(*perhaps tellingly at least one of the speakers listens to both)
A philosophy for everyday life is, in other words, an investigation of the raw reality of life, philosophy is necessary because—this is my claim or thesis—we still have not tasted life in all its richness. We tend to cling on to certain norms or ideals in a way that does not honour our own experience and intuition.
At worst our life becomes an imitation, image or representation of more authoritative ideals. An image is a copy, that is, a simulation of the real reality. We have lost contact with life because we follow ideas or images of how life should be. We live our life as an imitation of a moral model, as if such a model was not just another human artifact.
This report discusses about Logical Empiricism, or Logical Positivism – from its origins, who founded this "movement", its influences, weaknesses, and its contribution to education in general.
A philosophy for everyday life is, in other words, an investigation of the raw reality of life, philosophy is necessary because—this is my claim or thesis—we still have not tasted life in all its richness. We tend to cling on to certain norms or ideals in a way that does not honour our own experience and intuition.
At worst our life becomes an imitation, image or representation of more authoritative ideals. An image is a copy, that is, a simulation of the real reality. We have lost contact with life because we follow ideas or images of how life should be. We live our life as an imitation of a moral model, as if such a model was not just another human artifact.
This report discusses about Logical Empiricism, or Logical Positivism – from its origins, who founded this "movement", its influences, weaknesses, and its contribution to education in general.
Method of Moral and Social Philosophical Inquiry
- Postulates of Moral and Social Philosophy
- The Nature of Philosophical Inquiry
- The Context and Scope of Inquiry
- Modes of Inquiry
- Method of Ethical Inquiry
Method of Moral and Social Philosophical Inquiry
- Postulates of Moral and Social Philosophy
- The Nature of Philosophical Inquiry
- The Context and Scope of Inquiry
- Modes of Inquiry
- Method of Ethical Inquiry
Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 1301DEPhil.docxmariuse18nolet
Introduction to Philosophy: Philosophy 1301:DE
Philosophy 1301Danny Brown: ProfessorM.A. Philosophy- University of HoustonB.A. Philosophy- North Carolina State University B.A. Communications- North Carolina State University
Philosophy is the critical and rational examination of the most fundamental assumptions that underlie our lives, an activity of concern to men and women of all cultures and races.
-- Velasquez
Survey CourseThe Introduction to Philosophy class is a survey course designed to familiarize students with the various fields in philosophy and with those philosophers associated with them. It should also enable students to develop skills in logic and critical thinking.
PHILOSOPHYMy Mini-definition:The History of human thought.How do we (humans) think about and of ourselves as human beings.What, if any, is our purpose in the universe.How do we view the world around us.
What is Philosophy?Philosophy is a 5,000 year old academic tradition that systematically analyzes the very foundational questions of human existence.Philosophy seeks clarity on issues ranging from the existence of God, the validity of scientific knowledge, arguments over right and wrong, and the existence of the soul.
Philosophy 1301“Philosophy” is a combination of two ancient Greek words, “Philein” and “Sophia”, which mean “love of wisdom.”“Hard thinking” -- Alvin Plantinga
Analysis and critique of fundamental
beliefs and concepts.
What is Philosophy?It is an enterprise which starts with wonder at the mystery and marvel of the world.
Philosophy pursues a rational investigation of those mysteries and marvels, seeking wisdom and truth.
What is Philosophy?If the quest is successful, it results in a live lived in passionate moral and intellectual integrity.
Believing that “the unexamined life is not worth living,” the philosophy leaves no facet of live untouched by its probing glance.
What philosophy is notNot mere speculationOffer reasonsPeer review
Not Dogmatic
Preview of Things to ComeWhy be moral?What is the best form of political organization?Is there an afterlife, and if so, what is its nature?What is the meaning of life?
Does God Exist?
How Does the Mind Relate to the Body?
What Is Real? (What Actually Exists?)
So Why Study Philosophy?
Some ReasonsCritical thinking skills, writing skills and speaking skillsLiberation from prejudice and provincialism.Expansion of one’s horizonUnderstanding Society
Not usually taught before college
Guard against propaganda Intrinsically interesting
Helps fulfill our “self actualization” needs (Abraham Maslow)
Critical Thinking
In most academic subjects, students are taught what to think, rather than how to think.
The goal of philosophy:Autonomy
The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in by using your own reasoning abilities.
In other words, learn to think for yourself.
Traditional Divisions of PhilosophyEp.
Radius Images/Photolibrary1
Introducing Philosophy
• Philosophy has a rich and fascinating history.
• Philosophers explore questions ranging from logic and
mathematics to morality and art.
• Philosophy helps us to better understand our beliefs and
those of others and to examine, defend, and criticize
those beliefs.
What We Will Discover
mos66103_01_ch01_001-030.indd 1 12/1/10 7:22 PM
CHAPTER 1Section 1.1 What Is Philosophy?
Philosophy is an unusual discipline, not just because it has an enormously long history, but
because it spends a good bit of time investigating what philosophy itself is. In this chap-
ter, we look at what philosophy is, how philosophers approach their subject, and what the
benefits of philosophical inquiry are. We will also include a brief overview of the rich and
fascinating history of the development of philosophy in the West.
1.1 What Is Philosophy?
Here we will explore what philosophy is, including some of its history. We will focus on Western philosophy, and the most important philosophers of that tradi-tion, but it is good to keep in mind that there are other important traditions in the
history of philosophy. One of the most important things philosophers do is ask questions,
and we will identify some of the questions that have engaged philosophers for thousands
of years.
What Do Philosophers Do?
Plato tells us that philosophy begins in wonder. Human beings wonder about themselves,
about other people, about where they came from, about where they are going, and about
what they should do while they are here. Human beings are naturally curious, and each
question one asks leads to another, then another, and then another. One way of think-
ing about philosophy, then, is that it is the sys-
tematic attempt to answer the general questions
human beings have always asked, and the debate
that naturally follows each proposed answer.
Philosophy combines curiosity—wonder about
the world and all that is in it, and even beyond
it—and criticism—objections to answers, sugges-
tions of new answers, and new objections to those
new answers. As should be clear, philosophical
inquiry has one other important feature: It never
ends. We do, on occasion, seem to discover solu-
tions to specific philosophical questions. But the
pursuit of philosophy will continue as long as
there are things we don’t understand, and as long
as we remain curious.
The word philosophy comes from two Greek
words. We see one of them, philein, or “to love,”
in the name of Philadelphia, “city of brotherly
love,” and in the word philanthropy, love for
human beings. We are familiar with the other
word, sophos, from such words as sophisticated
and sophomore: It means wisdom. Thus, philos-
ophy is, literally, the love of wisdom and refers
to the unending search for answers to questions.
To be successful, then, in philosophy, one must
Hilary Helton/81a/Photolibrary
As humans, we are naturally curi-
ous—something often q ...
The Illuminati Have Their Work Cut Out: Why Social Control Is Harder Than You...noiseTM
Conspiracy theory-style thinking is now thoroughly mainstream, whether coming from the political left, the political right, the movies we watch or the internet guff we read (and also watch). While it's great to be questioning the status quo and powers that be, our common ideas of how society and social control work are so riddled with old myths and cliches that they can hardly be called "woke"...
Hmmm Squad co-founder Thomas Morton talks about Cold War myths of mind control, outdated psychology experiments, the flawed and messy nature of social science research and why we should be much more suspicious of social media than "The MSM" (mainstream media).
"I DON'T QUITE EVER FEEL AS HELPLESS AS I DID THEN": A STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS OF CONTROL IN WORKPLACE STRESS
For Hmmm Squad's 8th birthday (thereabouts), long-absent founder member Thomas "Noise" Morton (me) returns from his travels in exotic Halesowen and Worcester to tell you about what he (I) has (have) been up to: Namely a piece of original research into experiences of stress in the workplace, done as part of an MSc in psychology.
Feeling in control - or not - at work is a known factor in workplace stress. But the details of exactly what is going on with this and why remain uncertain. Troubled by the niggling feeling that the standard accounts of the link between lack of control at work and stress-related illness just weren't quite doing justice to the actual experience of this, I set out to interview five people who had taken time off work due to stress, to get their side of the story - and then painstakingly analysed their accounts for common themes to see if this did indeed verify the standard psychological models or rather suggest more research was needed in certain directions (Spoiler alert: It was the latter, of course).
Heuristics: The Pitfalls of Mental Models, Maps and TropesnoiseTM
~or~
What do political ideologies, TV cliches, conspiracy theories, SatNav and my own sense of recurring failure have in common?
Models, maps, schemas, stereotypes - we can't function without these things and yet they often lead us astray.
Seven years since Thomas delvered the first ever Hmmm Squad talk, he will bow out with a rather rambling hmmm on just how fundamental such things are to understanding pretty much all human social activity - along with their less rational sibings, the tropes, memes or fashionable ideas that float about, spread and get adopted almost unconsciously.
The Psychodynamic Model - An Introduction to FreudnoiseTM
Sigmund Freud was the first to see mental illness in purely psychological terms (rather than physical or spiritual causes). From unconscious drives, "ego defences" and child development to the idea of the "talking cure" - the origins of modern psychotherapy and counselling.
GOOD FOR WHAT? A sceptical look at the rationalising of morality.noiseTM
Thinking about morality is one of the more practical pursuits in philosophy – it can be, and is, applied in “real life” all the time, in law and politics, on ethics boards and in codes of conduct everywhere.
Which works ok up to a point - but despite thousands of years of systematic thought by some of the best brains in history (and believe me they are THOROUGH) there is still no final consensus on how we can define what is right and what is wrong.
Most systems of morality focus on trying to turn it into something rational, objective and universal – to get rid of emotion and the personal out of moral choices.
And yet isn’t “evil” just “stuff we REALLY don’t like?”
Thomas Morton will talk about why the holy grail of a purely rational morality may be a dead end – that morality is necessarily centred on human wants and feelings; and any attempt to divorce ethics from empathy is never going to be adequate.
The Truth About Truth - A Nietzsche Feature (Darwin Festival version)noiseTM
Nietzsche is known for harping on about the inevitable break down of old moral/religious values in a post-Darwinian world. But often overlooked are his hugely influential thoughts on the nature of truth and certainty in a world that is essentially meaningless.
A review of what always seemed to me the most intriguing case for the idea extraterrestrial intelligence visited the earth in ancient times. Never mind Erich von Daniken, whose enthusiasm for the mysterious played fast and loose with interpretation and historical context... here's the Nommo.
SPECULATIONS ON HIVE MINDS - How do lots of things become one thing? Including ruminations on ants, weird sea creatures, consciousness and (briefly) MASSIVE ROBOTS.
Infinity: Discovering it, taming it and... Cantor!noiseTM
A mathematical grappling with infinity from Greek discovery to German insanity.
Infinity in mathematics can be both a serious problem and a powerful tool - it can lead to mind blowing conclusions and threaten to undermine logic itslef.
Where mathematical infinity began, how it was used, right up to Cantor's unusual ideas about infinity and God... and beyond.
An Introduction to Zen Buddhism... and Heidegger!noiseTM
Zen Buddhism – emphasising the transitory nature and ultimate emptiness of everything, Zen can appear at once peaceful, baffling, wise, nihilistic, and downright surreal to western eyes.
Martin Heidegger – the modern German philosopher said western philosophy had ignored the issue of BEING ITSELF, and he attempted to construct an account of existence from scratch with his 'phenomenology'.
Is the Zen concept of “enlightenment” the same as Heidegger’s “authentic being”, or what?
Why I Love Wittgenstein #1: Private Language and SolipsismnoiseTM
How the iconic philosopher's brilliantly subtle and original thoughts on language can be used to dispel a two-thousand year old philosophical problem. Possibly a misappropriation and possibly an oversimplification, but what the gee-whizz. I love Wittgenstein.
Was the image of Santa Claus really created by Coca-Cola? How come St Nicholas, a Middle-Eastern saint, is supposed to live in Lapland with elves and reindeer? Who is this freaky demonic Krampus figure that some Europeans have hanging around with him, and how does he fit into things? The roots of our cuddley, familiar Father Christmas may be stranger and more ancient than many realise...
Weird Tales of Cosmic Horror: The World and Work of HP LovecraftnoiseTM
Self-confessed fan-boys Chris Hose and Thomas Morton delve into Lovecraft's gibbering, eldritch world to ask why a writer of pulp short stories is held in such reverence. The surprising philosophical depths of his world view and his wide-reaching influence on modern pop-culture.
Hmmm Squad regulars will have heard the name often whispered furtively by acolytes lurking on the threshold - here's your chance to find out why. Biscuits, beverages, mind-paralysing horror, etc.
Night Visitors, Alien Abduction and Sleep ParalysisnoiseTM
How a weird but common malfunction of the transition between sleeping and waking states may be responsible for terrifying experiences - from myths of demonic visitations to modern accounts of alien encounters.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
4. “What do you imagine philosophy
is?”
From ancient Greek: “philo”, meaning love, and
“sophos”, meaning wisdom – the love of
wisdom.
Oxford definition: “The study of the
fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and
existence, especially when considered as an
academic discipline.”
5. Greeks (from “What is
the universe made
of?” to “What is a
‘good’ life?”)
Medieval religious scholars
What can we know and how can we know it?
The human condition:
psychology, consciousness,
free will, existence in general
and our place in the world
Ontology:
what exists and what is it anyway?
Logic and language: how do they work?
Politics and ethics again
Cultural studies and criticism:
what is actually going on in
our society and others,
could it or should it be different?
6. What philosophy is not
• NOT one method
• NOT tied to any particular subject
• NOT tied to any particular time or culture
• NOT tied to a functional end goal or practical
application
• NOT just “what I believe” (Marilyn Monroe quotes,
touchy feely platitudes, dogmatic religion or politics,
random cute “thinky thoughts” that are not pursued or
subjected to any scrutiny)
• What distinguishes philosophy is that it is rigorous,
structured, rational, analytical thought – even if you
think it is wrong!
9. Reponse to Bill Nye The Science
Guy
Olivia Goldhill in Quartz:
• “The video, which made the entire US philosophy community
collectively choke on its morning espresso, is hard to watch,
because most of Nye’s statements are wrong. Not just kinda wrong,
but deeply, ludicrously wrong...”
• “Nye’s remarks, which conflate ideas from completely different
areas of philosophy, are a caricature of the common misconception
that philosophy is about asking pointlessly “deep” questions,
plucking an answer out of thin air, and then drinking some pinot
noir and writing a florid essay.”
10. Reponse to Bill Nye The Science
Guy
Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry in The Week:
• “To argue that philosophy is useless is to do philosophy.”
• “More to the point all of the institutions that make modern
life possible, very much including experimental science, but
also things like free-market capitalism, the welfare state,
liberal democracy, human rights, and more, are built on
philosophy. All of these things are cultural institutions:
They exist because many people find certain ideas valuable
and decide to act on that basis.”
• “If the ideas that underlie these cultural institutions
become lost, or misunderstood, those cultural institutions
might malfunction. This is very much the case of science.”
11. “What do you imagine science to
be?”
• Science is a method - what unites its disparate
fields, unlike philosophy.
12. “What do you imagine science to
be?”
• But science is not as united
as the layman thinks – all
fields tend to be deeply
divided by rival schools with
different outlooks competing
for supremacy.
• Much of what is taken as
“hard fact” by the layman
(because a man in a white
coat said it) is not taken that
way in the academic field –
there is a lot of uncertainty,
theorising and “best fit”
interpretation going on with
a only a relatively small core
of undisputed “fact”.
13. • The facts themselves do not tell us what meaning we
should take from them – interpretation and meaning
is put on by us afterwards, in applying how the facts
relate to us and what relevance they appear to have to
our current lives, given our other knowledge – other
knowledge which in turn is filtered by interpretation.
• When scientists start banging on about the “meaning
of life” or the “ultimate TRUTH”, they are leaping
beyond what science is supposed to be about or
equipped to do.
• Do not confuse the pseudo-philosophical bluster with
the actual science (amateurs!).
17. Levels of
Thinking
Eg 2: God
Notice the more “hard-core” philosophical questions get,
the less “practical” they are
18. Contention #2:
Philosophy, like art, is defined by
being removed from practical
concerns – in fact a focus on
practicality can undermine it
19. Contention #3:
BUT: If you say hard-core
philosophical questions are
pointless to think about, you are
essentially saying it’s pointless
for individuals, societies, cultures
etc to BE SELF AWARE.
20. Philosophy and “THE TRUTH”
If philosophy was only about discovering “objective facts” about
the objective world, then – Yes! – science does that much
better.
But even science is riddled with everyday assumptions and
concepts that are virtually never analysed outside of
philosophy.
As every philosopher knows our even our basic concepts often
start to unravel on scrutiny, proving to be much more
complex than assumed, as elusive as trying to catch a cloud,
or simply liable to fall apart all together.
These concepts underpin everything about the human condition,
the human world, the human experience – and are the
product of “us” in relation to the “world”. As such thinking
and talking about them is a perfectly valid way to unpick and
analyse them, for greater understanding.
21. Contention #4:
The focus of philosophy is not
simply on pinning down objective
facts – rather it is about
analysing the very concepts that
make up how we engage,
experience and interact with the
world and others.
22.
23. Contentions Summary:
• 1: “Philosophy” is a catch-all term for the history of
analytical human thought
• 2: Philosophy is removed from practical concerns
• 3: If you say philosophical questions are pointless,
you are saying it’s pointless for individuals and
societies to BE SELF AWARE.
• 4: The focus of philosophy is not simply on pinning
down objective facts – rather it is about analysing
the very concepts that make up how we engage,
experience and interact with the world and others.
24. Final contention:
It’s about the journey, man, YOLO
You rarely get a “right” answer in philosophy, but
you can certainly uncover “wrong” – ie
arguments that simply don’t work, concepts that
are inadequate or flawed.
Philosophy is not just about bagging a fact as an
end result – it is as much about the deeper
understanding gained by analysing and unpicking
the concepts we use and assumptions we make –
of the structure of our thought and the world as
we experience it.