An introduction to the linked.art LOD data model, based on a carefully selected profile of CIDOC-CRM, and expressed as JSON-LD. It focuses on developer happiness and data usability, while trying to also maintain as much of the richness of CRM as possible.

1. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Introduction
to
the
Linked
Art
Data
Model
Rob
Sanderson,
David
Newbury
Semantic
Architect,
Software
&
Data
Architect
J.
Paul
Getty
Trust
rsanderson@getty.edu,
dnewbury@getty.edu
@azaroth42,
@workergnome

2. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
CIDOC-­‐CRM,
RDF,
&
Linked
Data

3. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
What
is
the
CIDOC-­‐CRM?
“The
CIDOC-­‐CRM
provides
definitions
and
a
formal
structure
for
describing
the
implicit
and
explicit
concepts
and
relationships
used
in
cultural
heritage
documentation.”
• An
event-­‐based way
to
look
at
the
world
• Standardized
meaning
and
structures
for
information
• ”Semantic
glue"
between
different
information
sources
• Highly
theoretical

4. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
What
is
RDF?
“RDF
is
a
standard
model
for
data
interchange
on
the
Web.”
• A
way
for
computers
to
work
with
facts
• A
way
to
express
statements
about
resources
• A
W3C
(web-­‐based,
web-­‐friendly)
data
standard
Subject -­‐>
Predicate -­‐>
Object

5. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
What
is
Linked
Data?
“The
term
Linked
Data
refers
to
a
set
of
best
practices
for
publishing
structured
data
on
the
Web.”
• Some
rules
that
help
make
RDF
useful
for
others
• Every
ID
is
a
HTTP
URL,
and
it
returns
info
about
itself
• You
should
use
other
people’s
URLs
whenever
you
can
Subject (URI) -­‐>
Predicate (URI) -­‐>
Object
(URI)

6. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
What
Came
Before?
CIDOC-­‐CRM
Linked
Data
models
by
the
British
Museum,
YCBA,
SAAM,
Getty,
Zeri,
and
others.
Important
precursors
and
references
for
our
model,
these
were:
• Publishing-­‐focused
• Institution-­‐specific models
and
predicates
• Focused
on
Semantic
Correctness

7. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Linked
Art
Model
A
CIDOC-­‐CRM
Linked
Data
model
designed
to
work
across
many
museums
and
to
enable
functional
applications
to
be
built
on
top
of
the
model.
• Standardized model
across
many
institutions
• Supports
varying
levels
of
completeness
• Enables
“round-­‐trippability”
of
data
• Uses
CIDOC
alongside
AAT
and
other
RDF
vocabularies
• Focused
on
Usability

8. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Linked
Art
Model
Linked
Art
provides
patterns
and
models
that
enable
cultural
heritage
institutions
to
easily
publish
their
data
for
both
event-­‐based
digital
research
projects
and
for
use
by
non-­‐cultural-­‐heritage
developers.
90%
of
the
use
cases
of
90%
of
the
organizations,
with
only
10%
of
the
complexity
of
the
full
CRM
ontology.

9. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Patrick
Hochstenbach,
@hochstenbach

10. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Usable vs
Complete

11. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Target
Zone

12. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Successful
Data
Models…
• Solve
actual
challenges,
documented
as
use
cases
• Using
data
that
is
captured
and
available
• Allow
consistent
description
of
shared
use
cases
• Allow
for
addition
of
information
not
shared
• Can
be
productively
used
• Via
easy-­‐to-­‐implement
services
• With
easy-­‐to-­‐implement
applications
• Provide
interoperability with
other
data

13. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Successful
Data
Models…
Are
developed
…
• Iteratively
• We
will
not
get
it
right
first
time
• Responsively
• We
will
adapt
it
in
response
to
feedback
• Responsibly
• We
will
consider
changes/features
carefully
• Collaboratively
• We
will
engage
with
the
community
and
stakeholders

14. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Successful
Data
Models…
Have
carefully
bounded
scope
Out
of
scope:
• Complex
Bibliography
• Adopt
eventual
solution
from
Library
domain
• Data
Provenance
• Not
Museum
specific,
adopt
solution
from
LOD
• Quantification
of
Uncertainty
• Unsustainably
complex,
data
unavailable

15. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Successful
Data
Models…
Focus on
the
primary
resources
of
concern
for
the
domain
Core
Classes:
• Object
• Activity
• Person

16. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Successful
Data
Models…
Are
Consistent and
Unsurprising
Common
Patterns
designed
and
used:
• Classification
of
Specifics
• Partitioning
• Statements
about
Resources

17. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Object

18. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Person

19. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Activity

20. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Classification
of
Specifics
We
use
AAT
to
provide
more
specific
classifications
of
resources
than
are
possible
using
CIDOC-­‐CRM
• Object:
Painting
vs
Sculpture
• Identifier:
Accession
Number
vs
Database
Id
• Place:
Country
vs
City
• Organization:
Museum
vs
Art
Dealer
• Activity:
Engraving
vs
Casting

21. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Partitioning
Many
types
of
resource
can
be
partitioned,
creating
identity
for
further
description
of
more
granular
parts
• Objects:
Parts,
Features
with
different
dimensions
etc
• Activities:
Exhibition
vs
Venue,
Auction
vs
Lot
• Locations:
Country,
Region,
City,
District,
Building
• Texts:
Set,
Volume,
Chapter,
Page
• Organizations:
Organization,
Program,
Dept,
Group

22. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Statements
about
Resources
Resources
can
have
statements
(notes)
with
classifications
for
the
topic
of
the
statement.
Can
co-­‐exist
with
machine
readable
data.
• Materials
• Provenance
• Attribution
• Biography
• Description

23. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
JSON-­‐LD
Representation
{
"@context": "https://lod.museum/ns/context/1/full.jsonld",
"id": "https://lod.museum/example/object/1",
"type": "ManMadeObject",
"classified_as": "aat:300033618", # by reference
"label": "Example Painting",
"made_of": {
"id": "aat:300015045", # by (minimal) value
"type": "Material",
"label": "watercolor"
}
}

24. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Linked.Art site
Detailed
information
about
the
model
is
on
the
site:
http://linked.art/model/
Split
into
sections
based
on
the
objects
of
interest:
• Objects;
Collections
• People;
Places
• Provenance;
Exhibitions
• Sources;
Datasets

25. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Linked.Art vs
AAC
Target
Model?
The
linked.art model
continues
the
work
of
the
AAC
target
model:
• Apply
lessons
learnt
from
use
and
application
to
different
datasets,
domains
(Provenance,
Photos)
• Provides
more
detail
based
on
questions
from
reviews
and
subsequent
AAC
partner
discussion
• Ongoing
support
and
engagement
with
the
community
beyond
AAC
– Provenance,
Pharos,
Nomisma,
...

26. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Thank
You!
Rob
Sanderson,
David
Newbury
rsanderson@getty.edu,
dnewbury@getty.edu
@azaroth42,
@workergnome

27. @azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
IIIF:
Interoperabilituy
Intro
to
linked.art
Data
Model
@azaroth42
rsanderson
@getty.edu
Discuss!