This document provides an introduction to operations research. It begins by defining operations research as a scientific approach to solving management problems through the application of analytical methods. This allows managers to make better decisions. The document then discusses the history and origins of operations research, noting that it emerged from efforts during World War II to apply analytical techniques to military problems. It provides examples of the scope and techniques of operations research, including linear programming, queuing theory, and decision theory. The document outlines the typical phases of an operations research project as judgment, research, and action. It concludes by discussing some advantages and limitations of operations research.

1. Introduction to
Operations Research
Prepared by:
Jessica E. Laran

2. Hello!
I am Jess 
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3. Operational Research
 is a discipline of
applying
appropriate
analytical methods
which will help
managers in
solving problems
and making better
decisions.
 is a scientific approach
to management
problems with respect
to product mix,
inventory fluctuations,
and shipment of goods
to various warehouses
usually under
conditions requiring
the allocation of limited
resources.
 Is often used
interchangeably with
the terms
-Decision Science
-Management Science
-System Analysis
-System Science
-Quantitative Analysis
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4. “ The science of better
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5. Historical
Background
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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6. History of Operations Research
Operational Research originated by the
efforts of military planner during World War II
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Find more maps at slidescarnival.com/extra-free-resources-icons-and-maps
The analytical study of military
problems was undertaken to
provide scientific basis for
decisions to improve military
operations.
In the decade after World War-II the
techniques began to be applied
more widely in problems of
business, industries and societies.
Operational Research has been existed
as a science since 1930‘s.

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12. Scope of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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13.  The scope of OR is not
only confined to any
specific agency like
defense services but
today it is widely used
in all industrial
organizations.
 It can be used to find
the best solution to any
problem be it simple or
complex. It is useful in
every field of human
activities.
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The main fields:
1. National Planning and Budgeting
2. Defense Services
3. Industrial Establishment and
Private Sector Units
4. R & D and Engineering

14. Features of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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15. Features of Operations Research
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Decision Making Scientific Approach
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Inter-Disciplinary Team Approach
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Human Factors
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Objectives
Use of Computers
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System Approach
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16. Methodology of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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18. Phases of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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19. Judgment
Phase
Determination of
the problem
Establishment of
the objectives
and values
Determination of
suitable
measures of
effectiveness
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20. Observation and data
collection
Formulation of
hypothesis and models
Observation and
experimentation to test
the hypothesis
Prediction of various
results, generalizations,
consideration of
alternative method
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2
Research
Phase

21. Implementation of
the tested results
of the model
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3
Action
Phase

22. Types of
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
MODEL
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24. Technique & Tools
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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25. Technique and Tools
Linear Programming
It is used to find a solution for
optimising a given objective.
Queuing Theory
Deals with the situations in
which queue is formed.
Sequencing
To find a sequence for
Processing Jobs so that the
total elapsed time for all the
jobs will be minimum.
Transportation
Problems
To schedule shipment from
sources to destinations in
such a way so as to minimize
the total transportation cost..
Integer Problems
A series of continuous linear
programming problem are
solved in such a way that the
solution containing
unacceptable non-integer
value are ruled out and the
best higher is obtained.
Assignment
Problems
It deals in allocating the
various resources or items to
various activities in a one to
one basis.

26. Technique and Tools
Decision Theory and
Games Theory
Assist the Decision-Maker
analyzing problems with
numerous alternative
course of actions and
consequences.
Replacement
Problems
Is concerned with situations
that arise when some items
requires replacement due to
their decreasing effeciency,
failure or break-down.
Symbolic Logic
Business Problems are not
commonly converted into
symbols but calculations
are done on computers, that
is why symbols have
extensive applications.
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27. Structure of
Mathematical Model
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29. Advantages/Limitations
Operations Research
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ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS
 Better Control  Dependence on an Electronic
 Better System  Non-Quantifiable Factors
 Better Decisions  Money and Time Costs
 Better Coordination  Implementation
Operations Research

31. “If you don't actively attack the risks,
they will actively attack you.
- Tom Gilb
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32. Thank You!
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