Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
Balancing Fat Nutrition to Optimise Transition Cow Performance
A cow’s transition period is a key time since most of the metabolic and infectious diseases occur then.
Higher demand of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of colostrum and milk coupled with decreased feed intake force the transition cows to undergo negative energy balance (NEB) and micronutrient deficiencies. When metabolism does not meet production demands, incidence of clinical or subclinical metabolic disorders increases. Because innate and acquired immunity are suboptimal during this period, animals are more prone to infection
Proper supplementation at this moment may prevent future diseases and production losses.
In early lactation, the challenge for the cow to shift gear to accelerate copious milk production against loss of appetite results in nutrient deficiencies and subsequent negative energy balance leading to mobilisation of body reserves and compromised immunity
(Fiore et al., 2017).
Endocrine, adipose tissue, liver, digestive system and mammary gland are key components of the adaptations that dairy cows experience to achieve the necessary balance to adjust to the onset of sustained increasing milk production.
If unchecked metabolic stress in the affected cows can burden dairy producers with increased poor cow health, infertility, culling rates, inefficient nutrient utilisation and economic loss
In early lactation, the challenge for the cow to shift gear to accelerate copious milk production against loss of appetite results in nutrient deficiencies and subsequent negative energy balance leading to mobilisation of body reserves and compromised immunity
(Fiore et al., 2017).
Endocrine, adipose tissue, liver, digestive system and mammary gland are key components of the adaptations that dairy cows experience to achieve the necessary balance to adjust to the onset of sustained increasing milk production.
If unchecked metabolic stress in the affected cows can burden dairy producers with increased poor cow health, infertility, culling rates, inefficient nutrient utilisation and economic loss
In early lactation, the challenge for the cow to shift gear to accelerate copious milk production against loss of appetite results in nutrient deficiencies and subsequent negative energy balance leading to mobilisation of body reserves and compromised immunity
(Fiore et al., 2017).
Endocrine, adipose tissue, liver, digestive system and mammary gland are key components of the adaptations that dairy cows experience to achieve the necessary balance to adjust to the onset of sustained increasing milk production.
If unchecked metabolic stress in the affected cows can burden dairy producers with in
A review on medicinal properties of Camel milkJing Zang
Many research findings proved that Camel milk is closer to human milk than any other milk. It is often easily digested by lactose-intolerant individuals. It is rich in healthy vitamins and minerals, especially B vitamins, vitamin C and iron. The lactoferrin in camel milk has antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor properties. It contains disease-fighting immunoglobulins which are small in size, allowing penetration of antigens and boosting the effectiveness of the immune system. It is a rich source of insulin and also it containing approximately 52 units of insulin in each liter of camel milk, making it a great treatment option for Type 1 or Type 2 diabetics as well as Gestational Diabetes. This review focused on the medicinal properties of camel milk which will be more useful to generate value added products formation from camel milk.
transition period is an important period for milch animals. during this period feeding is also utmost important. During this time feeding and management decide the future of dairy animals.
Expressed breast milk on refrigerator storageAsha Reddy
In conclusion, we can store mother’s milk at refrigerator temperature of 4ºC for 96 hours without changing its overall integrity in the form of pH, serum albumin, total protein, lipid and lactose content and can use it for feeding neonates and infants.
Factors influencing the nutrient requirements of poultry:
Genetic make-up of the bird,
Energy content of the diet (a major factor influencing feed intake),
Environment temperature (another factor influencing feed intake as well as acid-base balance),
Type of housing (cage, wire or litter floor),
Nutrient availability from particular feedstuffs,
Influence of intestinal pH and transit flow on the destruction or sequestering of dietary nutrients,
Presence of dietary oxidizing fats, especially in the presence of catalyzing minerals and lack of antioxidants,
Similar to Introduction to metabolic diseases (20)
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Introduction
• Among domestic farm animals, the
metabolic diseases achieve their greatest
importance in dairy cows and pregnant
ewes.
• In the other species, these diseases occur
only sporadically.
• The high-producing dairy cow always
verges on abnormal homeostasis and the
breeding and feeding of dairy cattle for
high milk yields is etiologically related to
metabolic disease so common in these
animals.
3.
4.
5. Definition of metabolic diseases
• They are diseases closely related to pregnancy, birthing, milk
yield and nutrition.
• These diseases are attributed to imbalance between input of
dietary nutrients and output of production.
• When the imbalance occurs, it may lead to a change of body
metabolites which may be accompanied by occurrence of
production disease.
7. Causes
(1) Cows which produce so much products that natural diet
cannot replace the nutritional imbalance.
(2) The diet may be insufficient in nutrient density or even
imbalanced e.g. a ration may contain sufficient protein for
high milk production but contains insufficient precursors of
glucose to replace the energy excreted involved in the milk.
(3) Dropped of certain blood components below normal limit
which is needed to increase or to replace negative nutritive
balance created by high production.
8. Susceptibility
(1)Dairy animals are more susceptible due to the extremely
turnover of body fluids, salts and soluble organic materials
during the early part of lactation.
(2) Essential metabolites are drop below critical level.
(3) During succeeding period of lactation especially in cows
producing large quantities of milk with a variable amount of
food intake especially with environmental changes.
(4) Animals susceptible to metabolic diseases due to either
genetic or management factors.
(5) Seasonal changes e.g. hypophosphatemia mostly occur in
berseem season in some countries due to low ph and high Ca
content in berseem.
9. Metabolic Profile Test
• It is the laboratory measurement
of certain blood components at
regular time which reflect the
nutritional status of the animal
with or without appearance of
clinical abnormalities e.g. a lower
level of blood glucose than normal
indicate that there is an insufficient
energy needed for milk production
that may be or may not detectable
clinically (Table.2).
10.
11. Aim of the test
1.Detection of quantitative and qualitative
adequacy of the diet content of cows in
relation to milk yield, estrus cycle and
parturition.
2.Early diagnosis of nutritional deficiency
and or metabolic diseases.
3.To evaluate the input-output (nutrient
milk yield calving) relationships to know
the health status of title herd.
12. Test procedures
(1)Blood samples are collected from three groups, each of
seven cows including: dry cow, medium or high-yield
lactating cows.
(2) The samples are collected at least three times yearly during
summer, autumn and winter or when nutritional imbalance is
suspected.
(3) The samples must be collected at the same time of day at
each collection and should be done with a minimum of
excitement of the cows.
13. (4) About 5 ml of collected blood is placed in vials containing oxalate-fluoride
for glucose and serum inorganic phosphorus, and 20-30 ml in heparinized vials
for the determination of other components.
(5) The samples must be send to the laboratory within a few hours and must not
be subjected to delays in delivery or to heat or cold.
(6) In some cases, milk and or urine samples are collected from each test
lactating cow and tested for the presence of ketones, and the results correlated
with the blood glucose levels of each cow.
14. Laboratory analysis including
(1) Whole blood levels of packed cell volume (PCV),
hemoglobin (HB), urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose.
(2) Serum levels of inorganic phosphorus, magnesium,
calcium, potassium and sodium, total protein, albumin
and globulin, copper, iron, plasma and non-stratified free
fatty acids.
(3) Milk contents (Physical and chemical).
(4) Urine analysis (Physical, chemical and microscopic).
(5) Diet analysis (Quantity and quality).
15. Interpretation of results
(1) Low BUN indicate that protein intake is minimal and an early warning
that “low protein status” may develop in lactating cows later if protein
intake isn’t increased.
(2) Low level of albumin and HB occur in long standing low protein status.
(3) Mean values of PCV, HB, serum iron is consistently higher in non-
lactating cows than in lactating cows.
(4) Globulin and total protein concentrations increase with increased age
and concentration of inorganic phosphate meanwhile albumin, magnesium,
sodium, urea nitrogen decrease with increasing age.
(5) Serum inorganic phosphorus tends to fall following long term insufficient
dietary intake and hyperphosphatemia may occur in cattle grazing on highly
fertilized pasture.
16. (6) Serum calcium levels vary only within narrow limits and aren’t sensitive
indicator of input output balance.
(7) Serum magnesium levels are usually low during winter months and
subclinical hypomagnesemia exist in many herds especially pregnant cattle.
(8) Low level of serum sodium occurs in early lactation in cows grazing on
summer pasture without supplement with salt.
(9) A serum potassium level is difficult to interpret because the levels of
the electrolyte in serum aren’t necessarily indicative of potassium
deficiency.
(10) There is sufficient fluctuation in blood components of dairy cows
associated with interaction between effects of season-milk yield stage of
lactation.
17. (11) BUN, HB and PCV are increased during summer months in both lactating
and non-lactating cow.
(12) Hb and PCV have been found to be inversely related to current of milk yield
in both summer and winter.
(13) Magnesium concentration show a reverse tends being lowered in non-
lactating than lactating particularly in winter.
(14) There is a relationship between the actual energy intake and plasma non
stratified fatty acids.
(15) Free fatty acids are more sensitive than blood glucose as indicator for
energy status. Free fatty acids being to be increase several weeks pre-partum
and reach to its peak at parturition and decrease gradually to reach its normal
level after several weeks of lactation.
18. (16) Blood glucose concentration is usually lowered in early lactation
and during the winter months because there is a heavy demand for
glucose during winter months than summer for energy. The blood
glucose level follow a similar pattern but there may be period of early
lactation a serious drop of blood glucose because a large portion of
blood glucose being converted to lactose in the mammary gland.