This document discusses shaper and planer machines used in manufacturing. It describes the main components and functions of shapers, including that they cut horizontally and only during the forward stroke. It also classifies shapers by mechanism, position/travel, and cutting stroke. The document then covers planers, noting they are used for larger workpieces and the tool is stationary during cutting. It lists types of planers and provides specifications and safety precautions for operating shaper and planer machines.

1. SHAPING MACHINE
ME 2123 Manufacturing Systems

2. • Reciprocating type machine
• It produces horizontal, vertical or incline
flat surfaces
• It cuts only during forward direction

3. Advantages of shaper
✓Can change from one job to another easily
✓Work can be held easily
✓Single point tools are inexpensive
✓Lower first cost
✓Cutting stroke has definite stop point
✓Cutting force is less

4. Classification of shaper machines
According to type of mechanism
Crank shaper
Geared shaper
Hydraulic shaper

5. Classification of shaper machines
According to position and travel of arm
Horizontal shaper
Vertical Shaper
Travelling head shaper

6. Classification of shaper machines
According to cutting stroke
Push cut shaper
Draw cut shaper
According to the design of table
Standard or plain shaper
Universal shaper

9. Principal part of a shaper

10. Specification of a shaper
• Max length of stroke
• Size of the table
• Max horizontal and vertical travel of table
• Max no of strokes per minutes
• Type of quick return mechanism
• Power of the drive motor
• Floor space required
• weight

11. Cutting tool used in shaper

12. Other tools used in shaper
• Try square
• Micrometer
• Surface gauge
• Sine bar
• Dial test indicator

16. Cutting speed, Feed and Depth
Cutting speed
average linear speed of the tool during cutting stroke
Feed
relative motion of work piece in a direction
perpendicular to tool stroke
Depth of cut
Thickness of material removed in a cut

17. • Cutting speed Vc m/min
• No of double stroke N cycle/min
• Length of ram stroke L mm
• Return stroke time/cutting stroke time
k
Vc =
NL(1+k)
1000

18. Cutting clearance c mm
Work piece length Lj mm
Width of work piece B mm
Feed f mm/d stroke
Total time to machine a surface
tm =
LB(1+k)
1000Vcf

19. • In terms of ram strokes N,
Machining time
tm = min
• Material Removal Rate
MRR = fDNL(1+k) mm3/min
B
fN

20. Calculate the machining time required for
machining a surface 450 x 650 mm on a
shaping machine, using the data given;
Cutting speed = 7.5 m/min
Return to cutting time ratio = 2 : 3
Feed = 2 mm/double stroke
The clearance at each end = 50 mm

21. • A cast iron surface 300mm long and 180mm
wide is to be machined on a shaper with
cutting to return ratio of 3:2. cutting speed ,
feed and clearance are 24.6 m/min, 2
mm/double stroke and 25 mm respectively.
The available ram strokes on the shaper are;
28, 40, 60 and 90 stroke/min. if the depth of
cut is 3.5 mm, determine;
a. Time required to machine the surface
b. Material removal rate

22. Advance manufacturing system and NDT
PLANING MACHINE

23. • Use in the production of flat surfaces on
work pieces too large or too heavy to hold in
a shaper

24. planer Shaper
Heavy, rigid and costlier
Require more floor area
Work reciprocate horizontally
Tool is stationary during cutting
Heavy cut can be employed
Work setting require skill and
take time
Several tool can be mounted
Used to machine large work
pieces
Lighter and cheaper
Require less floor area
Tool reciprocate horizontally
Work is stationary
Heavy cut cannot be employed
Setting work is easy
Usually one tool is used
Used to machine small size work
piece

25. Type of planers
• Double housing planers
• Open side planer
• Pit planer
• Edge or plate planer
• Divided table planer

31. Principal part of Planer

34. Specifications of planer
• Size of the table (Size of rectangular solid
can be machined)
• Number of speeds and feeds
• Power input
• Floor space required
• Net weight of the machine
• Type of drive

35. Planer Driving and feed mechanism
• Drive mechanism
✓ Open and cross belt drive
✓ Reversible motor drive
✓ Hydraulic drive
• Feed mechanism
✓ Friction disc mechanism
✓ Electric drive
✓ Hydraulic drive

36. Planer operations
• Planing horizontal surfaces
• Planing verticle surfaces
• Planing curved surfaces
• Planing slots and grooves
• Planing at an angle and machining dove-tails
• Planing a helix
• Gang or multiple Planing

37. Precautions for machines
• Lubrication is important to remove heat and
friction.
• Machines should be cleaned after use
• Chips should be removed using brush.
• T-slots, grooves, spindles sleeves, belts,
pulley should be cleaned.
• Machines should be lightly oiled to prevent
from rusting

38. Safety Precautions
• Do not support the work piece by hand – use
work holding device.
• Use brush to clean the chip
• No adjustments while the machine is operating
• Ensure for the cutting tools running straight
before starting the operation.
• Never place tools on the machine table
• Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
• Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.