This document introduces the concept of history and how it is studied. It defines history as the study of human beings and past events using available evidence and sources. The main reasons for studying history are to understand the present, avoid repeating mistakes of the past, and preserve knowledge for future generations. Key aspects of studying history discussed include historical sources, periods of history, chronology, and the types of historical facts examined like economy, politics, culture and society.

1. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY

2. WHAT IS HISTORY?
THINK OF A STATEMENT THAT CAN DEFINE HISTORY.
NOW, WRITE IT IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

3. HISTORY
What?
When?How?
WHAT IS HISTORY?
Human beings: we study
people’s lifes.
Past: we study
things that
happened
before us.
Evidence or
Sources that
say something
about the past.

4. WHAT IS IT NOT HISTORY?
HISTORY DOES NOT STUDY STORIES
INVENTED BY HUMAN BEINGS
HISTORY DOES NOT STUDY THE FUTURE
HISTORY DOES NOT STUDY THE PRESENT

5. WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?
CURIOSITY
TO UNDERSTAND THE PRESENT, WHO
WE ARE
TO PREVERSE OUR KNOWLEDGE TO
FUTURE GENERATIONS
DO NOT MAKE THE SAME MISTAKES IN
THE FUTURE

6. HISTORY
Human beings have the neccesity to understand their
ancester’s past. Thanks to this knowledge we can understand our
present and foresee what can happen in the future.
HISTORY IS THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES
THE FACTS OF HUMAN BEINGS SINCE THEIR
APPEARANCE ON EARTH, EXPLANING ITS
EVOLUTION.
The main characters of History are not only kings and
heroes, but men and women who are organised in societies.

7. HOW DO WE STUDY HISTORY?
HISTORICAL SOURCES ANY TESTIMONY(WRITTEN, ORAL OR MATERIAL)
THAT ALLOWS THE RECONSTRUCTION, ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION OF HISTORICAL FACTS.

8. HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY: THEY ARE CONTEMPORARY
TO THE FACTS.
SECONDARY: THEY ARE LATER THAN
THE FACTS.
TYPES OF SOURCES

9. MATERIAL: BONE REMAINS,
ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES, POTTERY,
TEXTILES, TOOLS…
WRITTEN: EVERY HANDWRITTEN
DOCUMENT (LETTERS,
CHRONICLES); PRESS (BOOKS,
MAGAZINS, NEWSPAPERS) OR
INSCRIPTIONS.
ORAL: TRADITIONS, MYTHS,
LEYENDS…
TYPES OF SOURCES

12. AUXILIAR DISCIPLINES TO THE STUDY OF HISTORY
GEOGRAPHY
ECONOMY
SOCIOLOGY
ANTROPOLOGY ARQUEOLOGY
PALEOGRAPHY
EPIGRAPHY
NUMISMMATIC
GENEAOLOGY HERALDRY

13. PERIODS OF HISTORY
Invention of writing
3000 BC
PREHISTORY HISTORY
Ancient H. ContemporaryModern AgeMiddle Ages
Fall of the Roman
Empire
476
Fall of
Constantinople
1453
Spain 1492
French Revolution
1789

14. PERIODS OF HISTORY

15. ROMAN NUMBERS
UNA RAYA ENCIMA DEL NÚMERO ROMANO LO MULTIPLICA POR 1000

16. HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?
YEAR: 356 DAYS
LUSTRUM: 5 YEARS
DECADE: 10 YEARS
CENTURY: 100 YEARS
AGE: SEVERAL CENTURIES
MILENNIUM: 1000 YEARS

17. THE EXPRESSION B.C. REFERS TO YEARS
BEFORE CHRIST
THE EXPRESSION A.C. REFERS TO YEARS
AFTER CHRIST
HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?

18. HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?
• The easiest way to find out in which century is a
year is to cover the units and tens and add one.
For example:
1453 1453 14+1 = 15 that means
that 1453 is
the 15th C
• Now, do the same for the years 1275, 2015, 73,
1899, and 123.
• Years finished in 00, the hundred indicates the
century. For example: 100 1st C.
• The easiest way to find out in which century is a
year is to cover the units and tens and add one.
For example:
1453 1453 14+1 = 15 that means
that 1453 is
the 15th C
• Now, do the same for the years 1275, 2015, 73,
1899, and 123.
• Years finished in 00, the hundred indicates the
century. For example: 100 1st C.

19. ROMAN NUMBERS

20. TO UNDERSTAND A STORY YOU MUST KNOW WHAT THINGS
HAPPENED IN, THAT IS, THE CHRONOLOGY.
HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?
The body in a room
There is a dead body on the floor in a room.
Someone screamed.
Someone went into the room.
Someone left a room
Murder?
Suicide?
Or just someone discovering a body?

21. CHRONOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF EXACTLY WHEN THINGS
HAPPENED.
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER MEANS TO PUT THINGS IN THE
ORDER THAT THEY HAPPENED.
Podemos expresar la cronología usando una
línea del tiempo. Para construir una línea del
tiempo necesitas una regla para dibujar una
línea e indicar el número de años que
quieras usando una escala (por ej. 1cm = 1
año)
HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?

22. MAKE YOUR TIMELINE SHOWING 6 FACTS ABOUT YOUR:
- WHEN WERE YOU BORN?
- WHEN DID YOU START PLAYING A SPORT?
- WHEN DID YOU START PLAYING A SPORT?
- WHEN WAS YOUR BROTHER/SISTER BORN?
- WHEN DID YOU START SECONDARY SCHOOL?
- WHEN DID YOU START ANY OTHER HOBBIE?
- ETC.
HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?

23. THE STUDY OF HISTORY
HISTORICAL FACT: Units of study, also called events
BATTLE OF
THERMOPYLAE
SHOOTING OF 2 OF
MAY
FIRST MAN ON THE
MOON
HISTORICAL CONTEXT:
WHEN A SERIE OF HISTORICAL FACTS ARE LINKED
IF IT IS A SHORT PERIOD IS CALLED CIRCUMSTANCE
IF IT A LONG PERIOD IS CALLED STRUCTURE

24. HISTORICAL PROCESSES: WHEN THE HISTORICAL FACTS ARE LINKED
FORMING TEMPORAL SUCESSIONS.
CAUSES
FACTS THAT HAPPENED
PREVIOUSLY AND PROVOKED
THE FACTS
CONSEQUENCES
FACTS THAT HAPPENED
AFTERWARDS TO THE FACTFACTS
THE STUDY OF HISTORY

25. THE STUDY OF HISTORY
HISTORICAL
FACT
WHAT IS IT?
(definition)
WHERE?
(place of
origin and
expansion)
AND WHEN?
(chronology)
WHEN DID IT
BEGIN?
(causes)
HOW?
(chronological
development
of facts)
WHY IS IT
IMPORTANT?
(later
influences
and
repercutions
nowadays)

26. EVOLUCIÓN:TRANSFORMATIONS THAT OCCUR SLOWLY
REVOLUCIÓN: TRANSFORMACIONES THAT OCCUR FAST
HOW LONG DID IT TAKE TO HUMAN
BEINGS TO BE LIKE IT IS TODAY?
HOW LONG DID FRANCE TAKE TO
CHANGE ITS POLITICAL, ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE?
THE STUDY OF HISTORY

27. TYPES OF
HISTORICAL
FACTS
ECONOMY
POLITICS
CULTURE
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
PRODUCUTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF
GOODS
POLITICS
ORGANIZATION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF
POWER
SOCIETY
STUDY OF THE SOCIAL
GROUPS AND ITS
RELATIONSHIPS
CULTURE
GROUP OF IDEAS AND
VALUES OF A SOCIETY
(RELIGION, SCIENCE,
TRADITIONS,
IDEOLOGY AND ART)
THE STUDY OF HISTORY

28. ECONOMY
POLITICS

29. CULTURE
SOCIETY