An embedded system is a special purpose computer system that performs predefined tasks. It consists of hardware and software components. The document discusses the various hardware components of an embedded system like CPU, memory, sensors, ADC, DAC, actuators etc. It also explains microprocessor and microcontroller based embedded systems with examples like 8085, 8051 etc. Their architecture, pin diagrams and functionalities are described.

1. SUBMITTED BY: NITEESH KUMAR [EI 3 rd YEAR] ROLL No.-0903532017 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT) CPU MEMORY A/D SENSOR HUMAN INTERFACE D/A ACTUATORS LCD

13. CLASSIFICATION MEMORIES NON-VOLATILE VOLATILE SRAM DRAM E2PROM NAND FLASH NOR FLASH 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

19. 8085 IC 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT) IC 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

20. PIN DIAGRAM 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

24. ARCHITECHTURE 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

29. INTERNAL ARCHITECHTURE 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

30. PIN DIAGRAM Ground Voltage Supply (+5V) 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

31. CONTINUE…. Port 0 from Pin-39 to Pin-32 An 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. DUAL FUNCTION Used to access both data and address 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

32. CONTINUE…. Port 1 from Pin-1 to pin-8 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

33. CONTINUE…. Port 2 from Pin-21 to pin-28 Used to access address and I/O 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

34. CONTINUE…. Port 3 from Pin-10 to Pin-17 P3.0 : RxD(serial input port) P3.1 :TxD (serial output port) P3.2 : INT0 (external interrupt 0) P3.3 : INT1 (external interrupt 1) P3.4 :T0 (timer 0 external input) P3.5 :T1 (timer 1 external input) P3.6 :WR (external data memory write strobe) P3.7 :RD (external data memory read strobe) 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

35. CONTINUE…. crystal reset External memory Add. Latch enable Program Store Enable 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

38. EXAMPLES 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

39. IR SENSOR An object reflects, transmits, and emits energy, as shown in the diagram. 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

41. WORKING Reflects most of the incident light Absorbs almost of the incident light Photodiode (detector) Photodiode (detector) 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

42. CONTINUE…. Hurray! I‘ve found white I think I am on black surface 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

43. LINE FOLLOWER 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

44. CKT. DIAGRAM 3.5V 4V 5V 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

45. CONTINUE…. 3.5V 2.5V 0V 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

47. SAR ADC 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

48. An 8-level ADC coding scheme 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

50. BLOCK DIAGRAM 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

51. OUTPUT 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

53. TYPES Actuators Rotational Linear Pneumatics DC Motors Stepper Motors Geared RC Servo Bipolar Unipolar Artificial Muscles Hydraulics 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

55. DC ELECTRIC MOTOR 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

57. INSIDE DC GEARED 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

60. SERVO CONTROL Basic Operation of a RC Servo Motor Vcc Gnd PWM Control Signal 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT) Signal Conditioning (Analog/Digital) Driver Geared Motor POT RC Servo Motor

61. INSIDE SERVO 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

63. CLOCKWISE ROTATION Truth table 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT) 1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

64. UNIPOLAR STEPPER cw ccw 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT) FULL STEPPING (wave drive) a,b 1a 1b 1c 1d 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

71. IC L293D 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

72. WORKING 02/25/12 M +Vcc GND niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

73. LCD 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

74. PIN CONFIGURATION 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

75. PIN DESCRIPTION Connections JP1 Pins 1 - 8 Description JP1 Pins 9 -16 Description Pin1 Ground Pin9 D2 (Not Used) Pin2 VCC (+5) Pin10 D3 (Not Used) Pin3 Contrast Pin11 D4 Pin4 Data/Command (R/S) Pin12 D5 Pin5 Read/Write (W) Pin13 D6 Pin6 Enable (E1) Pin14 D7 Pin7 D0 (Not Used) Pin15 VCC (LEDSV+) Pin8 D1 (Not Used) Pin16 Ground 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

76. SOFTWARE Software’s Used Kiel µVision Top View Simulator Express PCB 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

77. EXAMPELS 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

81. QUESTION 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)

82. 02/25/12 niteesh kumar(BBDIT)