Energy is vital for economic growth and is measured by per capita power consumption. India ranks 8th globally in total power consumption. Energy auditing and management are important to minimize fossil fuel usage and emissions, cut investment costs, and improve efficiency. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are growing significantly in India's energy mix due to policies promoting their development and use. The Electricity Act of 2003 aims to develop the electricity sector through private participation, competition, and regulatory oversight.
PECB Webinar: Managing Risk within the Energy Management Value ChainPECB
Overview:
Managing risks within the energy cycle is truly essential for individuals and companies who manage various phases of this integrated set of processes.
This webinar introduces the participants to the basic terminology and concepts in the energy industry which includes the energy cycle, energy use and various risk types.
It also looks at various energy issues and how the ISO 50001 can be used as a minimum benchmark for organizations looking to build sustainable energy management processes.
Key concepts to be covered include:
Energy Sources: Crude Oil, Natural Gas, LNG, Coal and Power/Electricity
Risks in the Energy Cycle: Market, Credit, Operational, Liquidity, Political, Regulatory, Price, Credit and General Risk Management.
Risk Management Tools and Techniques: Risk Policy, Risk Process, Risk Register and Early warning Indicators.
Presenter:
Orlando is an Enterprise Architect and Program Director with over 15 years’ experience in the field of Business Consulting, Risk Management and Information Technology Delivery. He has an excellent technical background and helps organizations achieve and sustain their ISO certifications.
He has very special interests in renewable energy sources like Biogas, Biofuel and Solar PV.
He is a certified Lead Implementer and Auditor for OHSAS 18001, ISO 50001, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 20000, ISO 27001, ISO 22301 and holds PHD in Strategy Management and Information Technology. He is the Chief Trainer at Training Heights and the Managing Partner for A4S.
Gilberto Callera e Paolo D'Ermo - WEC Italia - WEC Energy Scenarios to 2050WEC Italia
The document summarizes key findings from the World Energy Council's World Energy Scenarios report, which models two scenarios for the global energy system up to 2050. The scenarios differ in their assumptions around the role of governments, climate policy, and other factors. Key findings include:
- Fossil fuels will likely still dominate primary energy supply by 2050, though their share decreases from 80% today to 59-77% by 2050 depending on the scenario.
- Global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2050, ranging from 629 exajoules in the consumer-focused "Jazz" scenario to 491 exajoules in the environmentally-focused "Symphony"
Non-Conventional Energy Engineering_1.pptxDrBimalDas
This document provides an overview of the course "Non-Conventional Energy Engineering". It is divided into 4 modules that cover various topics in non-conventional energy sources including wind energy, solar energy, geo-thermal energy, biomass energy, and fuel cells. The modules also discuss energy scenarios globally and in India, classifications of energy resources, advantages and disadvantages of conventional and non-conventional energy sources, and India's current installed energy capacity breakdown by source.
Pakistan faces a severe energy crisis, with electricity outages of up to 18 hours per day. While coal is an abundant domestic energy source, it has not been developed for power generation in decades. The discovery of large coal reserves offers potential to generate over 100,000 MW of electricity in the next 30 years. However, reliable coal supplies are needed for significant growth in coal power. Currently, thermal power from oil, gas and coal makes up 70% of Pakistan's electricity capacity. Residential users account for the majority of electricity consumption.
Anil_Chalamalasetty_New_India_New_Energy_The_India_Dialog_2024.pdfDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Anil Chalamalasetty, Founder, Group CEO and MD, Greenko Group on "New Energy for New India" at #TheIndiaDialog on March 1, 2024 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
This document provides an overview of India's energy sector. It discusses that India currently meets 71% of its energy demand through domestic production, with 41% coming from thermal power plants. While renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass are growing, they still only make up a small portion of India's total energy mix. The document also outlines various government policies and initiatives that aim to increase renewable energy usage and reform the energy sector to better meet India's growing demand in a sustainable manner.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy resources and energy conversion techniques. It discusses:
- The link between energy, social development, environmental degradation and climate change. Energy accounts for over two thirds of greenhouse gas emissions.
- Common renewable energy resources like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. It describes techniques for converting these resources into useful energy like electricity.
- Factors that determine energy efficiency and comparisons of efficiency between different energy sources and conversion processes. Greater efficiency can reduce costs and environmental impacts.
PECB Webinar: Managing Risk within the Energy Management Value ChainPECB
Overview:
Managing risks within the energy cycle is truly essential for individuals and companies who manage various phases of this integrated set of processes.
This webinar introduces the participants to the basic terminology and concepts in the energy industry which includes the energy cycle, energy use and various risk types.
It also looks at various energy issues and how the ISO 50001 can be used as a minimum benchmark for organizations looking to build sustainable energy management processes.
Key concepts to be covered include:
Energy Sources: Crude Oil, Natural Gas, LNG, Coal and Power/Electricity
Risks in the Energy Cycle: Market, Credit, Operational, Liquidity, Political, Regulatory, Price, Credit and General Risk Management.
Risk Management Tools and Techniques: Risk Policy, Risk Process, Risk Register and Early warning Indicators.
Presenter:
Orlando is an Enterprise Architect and Program Director with over 15 years’ experience in the field of Business Consulting, Risk Management and Information Technology Delivery. He has an excellent technical background and helps organizations achieve and sustain their ISO certifications.
He has very special interests in renewable energy sources like Biogas, Biofuel and Solar PV.
He is a certified Lead Implementer and Auditor for OHSAS 18001, ISO 50001, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 20000, ISO 27001, ISO 22301 and holds PHD in Strategy Management and Information Technology. He is the Chief Trainer at Training Heights and the Managing Partner for A4S.
Gilberto Callera e Paolo D'Ermo - WEC Italia - WEC Energy Scenarios to 2050WEC Italia
The document summarizes key findings from the World Energy Council's World Energy Scenarios report, which models two scenarios for the global energy system up to 2050. The scenarios differ in their assumptions around the role of governments, climate policy, and other factors. Key findings include:
- Fossil fuels will likely still dominate primary energy supply by 2050, though their share decreases from 80% today to 59-77% by 2050 depending on the scenario.
- Global energy demand is projected to increase significantly by 2050, ranging from 629 exajoules in the consumer-focused "Jazz" scenario to 491 exajoules in the environmentally-focused "Symphony"
Non-Conventional Energy Engineering_1.pptxDrBimalDas
This document provides an overview of the course "Non-Conventional Energy Engineering". It is divided into 4 modules that cover various topics in non-conventional energy sources including wind energy, solar energy, geo-thermal energy, biomass energy, and fuel cells. The modules also discuss energy scenarios globally and in India, classifications of energy resources, advantages and disadvantages of conventional and non-conventional energy sources, and India's current installed energy capacity breakdown by source.
Pakistan faces a severe energy crisis, with electricity outages of up to 18 hours per day. While coal is an abundant domestic energy source, it has not been developed for power generation in decades. The discovery of large coal reserves offers potential to generate over 100,000 MW of electricity in the next 30 years. However, reliable coal supplies are needed for significant growth in coal power. Currently, thermal power from oil, gas and coal makes up 70% of Pakistan's electricity capacity. Residential users account for the majority of electricity consumption.
Anil_Chalamalasetty_New_India_New_Energy_The_India_Dialog_2024.pdfDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Anil Chalamalasetty, Founder, Group CEO and MD, Greenko Group on "New Energy for New India" at #TheIndiaDialog on March 1, 2024 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
This document provides an overview of India's energy sector. It discusses that India currently meets 71% of its energy demand through domestic production, with 41% coming from thermal power plants. While renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass are growing, they still only make up a small portion of India's total energy mix. The document also outlines various government policies and initiatives that aim to increase renewable energy usage and reform the energy sector to better meet India's growing demand in a sustainable manner.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy resources and energy conversion techniques. It discusses:
- The link between energy, social development, environmental degradation and climate change. Energy accounts for over two thirds of greenhouse gas emissions.
- Common renewable energy resources like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. It describes techniques for converting these resources into useful energy like electricity.
- Factors that determine energy efficiency and comparisons of efficiency between different energy sources and conversion processes. Greater efficiency can reduce costs and environmental impacts.
This document provides an overview of India's energy sector. It discusses India's reliance on conventional fossil fuels and the need to transition to renewable resources. Key points include:
- India meets 71% of its energy demand domestically, relying heavily on coal-fired thermal power.
- The government has implemented policies like the Electricity Act of 2003 and Energy Conservation Act of 2001 to reform the energy sector and increase access to electricity.
- Programs promote renewable resources like solar, wind, biomass and small hydro power to increase their share of energy production and meet future demand in a sustainable manner.
- The National Solar Mission aims to install 20 GW of solar power by 2022 through grid-connected and off-grid
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less energy. Driving less is an example. It can result in financial savings and environmental benefits. Energy management aims to effectively use energy for maximum profits through resource conservation, cost savings, and climate protection. Energy comes from both renewable and non-renewable sources. India relies heavily on fossil fuels like coal but is increasing its use of renewable resources through initiatives like solar and wind energy programs to meet future demand in a sustainable way.
IRJET- Techno Commercial Feasibility Study of Renewable EnergiesIRJET Journal
This document provides a summary of the commercial feasibility study of various renewable energy sources. It discusses the major renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and tidal energy. It analyzes each source based on their global potential, economic impacts including costs, job creation, and carbon emission reductions. The document finds that renewable energy capacity has significantly increased in recent years. While renewable sources have advantages over fossil fuels, factors like installation costs, land use requirements, and intermittent output must be considered in determining their commercial viability.
This document summarizes a presentation made by Akram Khalid, CEO of Pakistan Prosperity Initiative, at a seminar on energy and the environment. The presentation covered topics such as the relationship between energy, development, and the environment; sources of energy in Pakistan and their advantages and disadvantages; and the civil society perspective on ensuring adequate, affordable energy while maintaining environmental sustainability. Key recommendations included improving energy availability through new sources like shale gas, increasing the share of renewable and nuclear energy, and promoting energy conservation. Civil society organizations were urged to create awareness on these issues and advocate for transparent, environmentally-friendly energy policies and governance.
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
The document discusses global energy use and energy services. It begins by explaining that an energy system delivers energy services to consumers like heating, lighting, transportation etc. through an energy chain from primary energy sources, to energy carriers and end use technologies. It then provides data on global primary energy use in 2001, with fossil fuels making up around 80% of the total. There are large disparities in per capita energy use between regions. The document highlights that improving access to energy services, not just supply, is important for human development.
Introduction to Energy manaegement and audting.pdfRISHABH151961
This document outlines the syllabus for an energy management and auditing program. It covers 4 units: (1) energy scenarios and resources, (2) energy management functions, (3) electrical energy management, and (4) energy audits. Unit 1 defines commercial and non-commercial energy sources and discusses primary/secondary resources, conventional/non-conventional energy, energy consumption, pricing, and the environment. Unit 2 covers developing energy management programs and organizational structures. Unit 3 focuses on electrical load management and efficiency. Unit 4 defines energy audits and specialized tools used for industrial, commercial and residential audits.
The document discusses renewable energy readiness in Nigeria. It finds that while Nigeria has abundant renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro, current utilization is still low apart from large hydro projects. Projections show electricity demand rising dramatically by 2030. Meeting this demand will require major investment that the government cannot provide alone. The document recommends encouraging private sector investment and developing renewables on a large scale. Key agencies in Nigeria like REA and NERC are working to promote mini-grids and a supportive regulatory environment to develop renewable energy.
This document provides an overview of the power sector in India, including:
1. It discusses the history and growth of the power industry in India since the late 1800s, with the first demonstrations of electric lighting in Calcutta and Bombay.
2. It outlines that India now has over 417 GW of total installed power generation capacity from sources like coal, gas, hydro, nuclear, and renewables.
3. The document also notes generation targets set by the Ministry of Power to reach 1,750 billion units in 2023-24, a 7% increase over the previous year.
This document provides an overview of the objectives, syllabus, and outcomes of an energy auditing course. The course aims to teach students about energy consumption in India, energy efficient motors, energy measuring instruments, and demand side management. The syllabus covers these topics across 5 units and includes concepts like energy auditing, power factor improvement, lighting audits, and economics of demand side management programs. Upon completing the course, students should be able to conduct energy audits, analyze motor energy use, evaluate lighting systems, and assess the cost effectiveness of demand side management strategies.
The document discusses Earth's energy sources. It states that all of Earth's energy originally comes from the Sun in the form of light, heat, and solar radiation. It further explains that non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas get their energy from the Sun and are found in limited supplies, unlike renewable resources such as solar, wind, water, and geothermal which are naturally replenished. The document also addresses topics like the carbon economy, smart energy grids, social aspects of alternative energy, and global energy programs.
1) India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves, importing over 25% of its primary energy needs.
2) Coal contributes over half of India's primary energy production and consumption while oil accounts for about a third. Natural gas and renewable sources like hydro, wind and solar are also increasingly important.
3) To become more energy secure and sustainable, India is pursuing strategies to improve energy efficiency, increase domestic production, shift to less polluting energy sources, and boost access to energy nationwide.
1) India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves, importing over 25% of its primary energy needs.
2) Coal contributes over half of India's primary energy production and consumption while oil accounts for about a third. Natural gas and renewable sources like hydro, wind and solar are also increasingly important.
3) To ensure sustainable energy development, India is pursuing strategies like improving energy efficiency, developing renewable resources, electrifying rural areas, and attracting private investment across the energy sector.
The document discusses various topics related to energy issues including supply, demand, security and alternatives. It notes that access to and consumption of energy sources is uneven globally and depends on physical, economic and social factors. Demand for energy is growing, particularly in developed and emerging economies like China and India. Energy security relies on resource availability and stability of supply chains. There are trade-offs between different energy futures in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts.
This document provides a revision guide for the Edexcel A2 Geography topic of Energy Insecurity. It outlines key concepts to understand, including different ways of classifying energy sources and their advantages/disadvantages. Factors affecting global variations in energy access and consumption are examined. Case studies on energy security issues in California and reasons for the US energy crisis are summarized. Key terms related to energy geography are also defined.
Energy cost and energy shortage in nepal potential of solar, wind and other f...SINGHZEE
This is a brief discussion on the energy cost and energy shortage situation in Nepal as well as the potential of Solar, wind and other future energy in Nepal
PLEASE HIT LIKE IF IT'S HELPFUL! :D
The document discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind power, hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, and bioenergy. It provides details on how each technology works, examples of implementation, and their contributions to energy production globally. Emerging technologies discussed include enhanced geothermal systems, marine energy, artificial photosynthesis, algae fuels, and solar aircraft. Overall the document serves as an introduction to mainstream and developing renewable energy sources.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
This document provides an overview of India's energy sector. It discusses India's reliance on conventional fossil fuels and the need to transition to renewable resources. Key points include:
- India meets 71% of its energy demand domestically, relying heavily on coal-fired thermal power.
- The government has implemented policies like the Electricity Act of 2003 and Energy Conservation Act of 2001 to reform the energy sector and increase access to electricity.
- Programs promote renewable resources like solar, wind, biomass and small hydro power to increase their share of energy production and meet future demand in a sustainable manner.
- The National Solar Mission aims to install 20 GW of solar power by 2022 through grid-connected and off-grid
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less energy. Driving less is an example. It can result in financial savings and environmental benefits. Energy management aims to effectively use energy for maximum profits through resource conservation, cost savings, and climate protection. Energy comes from both renewable and non-renewable sources. India relies heavily on fossil fuels like coal but is increasing its use of renewable resources through initiatives like solar and wind energy programs to meet future demand in a sustainable way.
IRJET- Techno Commercial Feasibility Study of Renewable EnergiesIRJET Journal
This document provides a summary of the commercial feasibility study of various renewable energy sources. It discusses the major renewable energy sources including wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and tidal energy. It analyzes each source based on their global potential, economic impacts including costs, job creation, and carbon emission reductions. The document finds that renewable energy capacity has significantly increased in recent years. While renewable sources have advantages over fossil fuels, factors like installation costs, land use requirements, and intermittent output must be considered in determining their commercial viability.
This document summarizes a presentation made by Akram Khalid, CEO of Pakistan Prosperity Initiative, at a seminar on energy and the environment. The presentation covered topics such as the relationship between energy, development, and the environment; sources of energy in Pakistan and their advantages and disadvantages; and the civil society perspective on ensuring adequate, affordable energy while maintaining environmental sustainability. Key recommendations included improving energy availability through new sources like shale gas, increasing the share of renewable and nuclear energy, and promoting energy conservation. Civil society organizations were urged to create awareness on these issues and advocate for transparent, environmentally-friendly energy policies and governance.
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
The document discusses global energy use and energy services. It begins by explaining that an energy system delivers energy services to consumers like heating, lighting, transportation etc. through an energy chain from primary energy sources, to energy carriers and end use technologies. It then provides data on global primary energy use in 2001, with fossil fuels making up around 80% of the total. There are large disparities in per capita energy use between regions. The document highlights that improving access to energy services, not just supply, is important for human development.
Introduction to Energy manaegement and audting.pdfRISHABH151961
This document outlines the syllabus for an energy management and auditing program. It covers 4 units: (1) energy scenarios and resources, (2) energy management functions, (3) electrical energy management, and (4) energy audits. Unit 1 defines commercial and non-commercial energy sources and discusses primary/secondary resources, conventional/non-conventional energy, energy consumption, pricing, and the environment. Unit 2 covers developing energy management programs and organizational structures. Unit 3 focuses on electrical load management and efficiency. Unit 4 defines energy audits and specialized tools used for industrial, commercial and residential audits.
The document discusses renewable energy readiness in Nigeria. It finds that while Nigeria has abundant renewable resources like solar, wind, and hydro, current utilization is still low apart from large hydro projects. Projections show electricity demand rising dramatically by 2030. Meeting this demand will require major investment that the government cannot provide alone. The document recommends encouraging private sector investment and developing renewables on a large scale. Key agencies in Nigeria like REA and NERC are working to promote mini-grids and a supportive regulatory environment to develop renewable energy.
This document provides an overview of the power sector in India, including:
1. It discusses the history and growth of the power industry in India since the late 1800s, with the first demonstrations of electric lighting in Calcutta and Bombay.
2. It outlines that India now has over 417 GW of total installed power generation capacity from sources like coal, gas, hydro, nuclear, and renewables.
3. The document also notes generation targets set by the Ministry of Power to reach 1,750 billion units in 2023-24, a 7% increase over the previous year.
This document provides an overview of the objectives, syllabus, and outcomes of an energy auditing course. The course aims to teach students about energy consumption in India, energy efficient motors, energy measuring instruments, and demand side management. The syllabus covers these topics across 5 units and includes concepts like energy auditing, power factor improvement, lighting audits, and economics of demand side management programs. Upon completing the course, students should be able to conduct energy audits, analyze motor energy use, evaluate lighting systems, and assess the cost effectiveness of demand side management strategies.
The document discusses Earth's energy sources. It states that all of Earth's energy originally comes from the Sun in the form of light, heat, and solar radiation. It further explains that non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas get their energy from the Sun and are found in limited supplies, unlike renewable resources such as solar, wind, water, and geothermal which are naturally replenished. The document also addresses topics like the carbon economy, smart energy grids, social aspects of alternative energy, and global energy programs.
1) India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves, importing over 25% of its primary energy needs.
2) Coal contributes over half of India's primary energy production and consumption while oil accounts for about a third. Natural gas and renewable sources like hydro, wind and solar are also increasingly important.
3) To become more energy secure and sustainable, India is pursuing strategies to improve energy efficiency, increase domestic production, shift to less polluting energy sources, and boost access to energy nationwide.
1) India relies heavily on coal for energy but has limited oil and gas reserves, importing over 25% of its primary energy needs.
2) Coal contributes over half of India's primary energy production and consumption while oil accounts for about a third. Natural gas and renewable sources like hydro, wind and solar are also increasingly important.
3) To ensure sustainable energy development, India is pursuing strategies like improving energy efficiency, developing renewable resources, electrifying rural areas, and attracting private investment across the energy sector.
The document discusses various topics related to energy issues including supply, demand, security and alternatives. It notes that access to and consumption of energy sources is uneven globally and depends on physical, economic and social factors. Demand for energy is growing, particularly in developed and emerging economies like China and India. Energy security relies on resource availability and stability of supply chains. There are trade-offs between different energy futures in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts.
This document provides a revision guide for the Edexcel A2 Geography topic of Energy Insecurity. It outlines key concepts to understand, including different ways of classifying energy sources and their advantages/disadvantages. Factors affecting global variations in energy access and consumption are examined. Case studies on energy security issues in California and reasons for the US energy crisis are summarized. Key terms related to energy geography are also defined.
Energy cost and energy shortage in nepal potential of solar, wind and other f...SINGHZEE
This is a brief discussion on the energy cost and energy shortage situation in Nepal as well as the potential of Solar, wind and other future energy in Nepal
PLEASE HIT LIKE IF IT'S HELPFUL! :D
The document discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind power, hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, and bioenergy. It provides details on how each technology works, examples of implementation, and their contributions to energy production globally. Emerging technologies discussed include enhanced geothermal systems, marine energy, artificial photosynthesis, algae fuels, and solar aircraft. Overall the document serves as an introduction to mainstream and developing renewable energy sources.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
2. E N E R G Y
• Ability or capacity to do work
• Prime mover of economic growth
• Indicates the prosperity of the country
• Measured by ‘per capita power
consumption’
• India ranks 8th in the world in Total
Power Consumption
6. WHY ENERGY AUDITING AND
MANAGEMENT SO IMPORTANT ?
Key for economic revolution of any country
To minimise the consumption of fossil fuel
which are depleting at faster rate
To curtail the emission of GHGs
To cut down the investment required for power
generation
It improve the efficient use of Energy
7. E N E R G Y E F F I C I E N C Y
• Energy efficiency is “ using less energy to provide
same service or product “.
8.
9. P O T E N T I A L E N E R G Y
Energy posses because of its position or
configuration
Ep = [ mass x gravitational acceleration x height ]
The various form of potential energy are:
(i) Chemical Energy
(ii) Nuclear Energy
(iii) Stored Mechanical Energy
(iv) Gravitational Energy
1
10. (i) Chemical Energy:
Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and
molecules and released as heat in a chemical
reaction
Expressed as kJ / kg or kJ / mol
Some examples are : biomass, petroleum, coal ,
propane and natural gas.
(ii) Nuclear Energy :
Energy stored in a nucleus of an atom
En = mass x speed of light squared = mc2
C o n t d . ,
11. (iii) Stored Mechanical Energy :
Energy stored in objects by the application of
a force
Compressed Springs and Stretched Rubber
Bands are examples of stored mechanical
energy
(iv) Gravitational Energy :
Energy of place or position
Water in a reservoir behind a Hydropower
dam
C o n t d . ,
12. K I N E T I C E N E R G Y
Energy a body possessed by virtue of motion
or velocity
E = [ half x mass x velocity squared = ½ mv2 ]
The various form of kinetic energy are
(i) Radiant Energy
(ii) Thermal Energy
(iii) Motion Energy
(iv) Sound Energy
(v) Electrical Energy
2
13. i) Radiant Energy :
Electromagnetic energy that travels
in transverse waves
eg : Solar Energy
ii) Thermal Energy :
Internal energy in a substance due to
vibration and movement of atoms
and molecules within the substances
eg : Geothermal Energy
C o n t d . ,
14. iii) Motion Energy :
The movement of objects or substance
from one place to another in motion
Eg : Wind and Hydropower
iv) Sound Energy :
Sound is the movement of energy
through substance in longitudinal waves.
v) Electrical Energy :
Movement of electrons
C o n t d . ,
15. T Y P E S O F E N E R G Y
1. Primary and Secondary Energy
2. Commercial and Non –
Commercial Energy
3. Renewable and Non -
Renewable Energy
16. P R I M A R Y E N E R G Y
• Energy extracted or captured directly from
natural resources.
• It is generally express in toe (tonnes of Oil equivalent).
• 1 toe = 10 GCal = 1 1 6 3 0 kWh = 4 1 8 7 0 MJ
PRIMARY
ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
NON – RENEWABLE
ENERGY
1
18. S E C O N D A R Y E N E R G Y
• Primary energy such as coal, oil and gas are
not so effective in many industrial
applications.
• Primary energy is transformed in energy
conversion process to more convenient form
of Secondary Energy such as steam and
electricity.
Secondary Energy is the extracted
product of Primary Energy
20. COMMERCIAL ENERGY
Energy that is available in the market for a
definite price
No matter what the method of energy
production
The most pre dominant commercial energies
are Electricity, Coal, Refined Petroleum
Products and Natural Gas
2
21. NON – COMMERCIAL ENERGY
• Any kind of energy which is sourced within a Community
and its surrounding area and not normally traded in the
commercial market.
• Non – commercial energy is often ignored in compiling a
country ‘s energy statistics.
• They are also called as traditional fuels
• Some of non - commercial energy are
Firewood and agro in rural area
Solar energy for water heating, drying grain and fish
Animal power for transport, lifting and irrigation
Wind energy for water lifting and electricity generation
22. Renewable energy is
the energy obtained
from natural sources
which are essentially
inexhaustible
It can be utilized without
release of harmful
pollutants
3
23. R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Matured Technologies :
Wind / Solar / Biomass / Biomethanation
Researched :
Geothermal / O T E C / Wave / T I D E L
Candidate Fuels of Future :
Nuclear / Fuel Cell / H2
24. R E S C E N A R I O – I N D I A
No Power Source Installed Capacity MW % Contribution
1 Wind 2 1 9 9 6 . 7 8 6 7 . 0
2 Biomass / Cogeneration 4 0 5 4 . 3 5 1 2 . 4
3 Small Hydro 3 8 5 6 . 6 8 1 1 . 7
4 Solar 2 7 6 5 . 8 1 8 . 4
5 Waste to Energy 1 0 6 . 5 8 0 . 3
T o t a l 3 2 7 8 0 . 4 0 1 0 0
Biomass / Cogeneration 1 2 . 4 %
Wind 6 7 . 1 %
Waste to Energy
0.3 %
Solar 8 . 4 %
Small Hydro 6 7 . 1 %
25.
26. N O N - R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Natural resources
which cannot be
produced
Deplete with time
Consume much
faster than created
27. C O A L
Most abundant and geographically dispersed
fossil fuel – available in almost every country
Total recoverable reserves in around 7 0
countries – almost 8 2 6 billion tonnes of
proven coal reserves worldwide
It is exist in various form such as
Peat Brown Coal ( Lignite )
Sub – bituminous Bituminous
Anthracite
28.
29. W O R L D C O A L R E S E R V E S
Coal only can last around 122 year at current rates of production
31. C O A L A N D L I G N I T E
S C E N A R I O O F I N D I A
32. O I L
2nd highly consuming fossil fuel next
to coal
Total reserves was estimated
by 1 2 5 8 billion barrels by
end of 2 0 0 8
1 barrel = 1 6 0 litres
Saudi Arabia was the largest
oil producer among middle east
countries in the world ( 2008 )
World oil reserves are
estimated to last for 42 years
only
35. N A T U R A L G A S
It is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting
primarily of methane with small
quantity of ethane, propane, butane
and pentane
It ranks 3rd next to crude oil and coal
The global proven reserves was
about 185 trillion cubic metres by the
end of 2008
World natural gas reserves are estimated to
last for 6 0 years only
36. WORLD NATURAL GAS SCENARIO
Rest of World
35 %
Russia 23 %
Saudi Arabia
4 %
Iran 16 %
U A E 4 %
Qatar 1 4 %
Natural Gas Proved Reserves
(185.02 Trillion cubic metres by end 2008 )
37. E L E C T R I C I T Y A C T 2 0 0 3
• Seek to transform and develop the electricity
sector by distancing Government from the task
of regulation
• Earlier, Electricity supply in India was governed
by
(i) Indian Electricity Act 1 9 1 0
(ii) Electricity supply Act 1 9 4 8
(iii) Electricity Regulatory Commissions
Act , 1 9 9 8
38. O B J E C T I V E O F A C T 2 0 0 3
1. Consolidate the Laws Relating to Generation,
Transmission, Distribution, Trading and use of
Electricity
2. Constitute Central Electricity Authority ( C E A ),
Regulatory Commission
3. Take measures for Development of Electricity
Industry
4. Promote Competition
5. Ensure Transparent Policies on Subsidies
6. Promote Efficient and Environmentally benign
Policies
39. M A I N F E A T U R E S
Recognition of electricity trading as a
distinct activity
Re – structuring of S E B s
Supply of electricity to all areas with
specific provision to rural areas
Rationalization of Electricity Tariff
Stringent provisions for grid discipline
violation and power theft
Open Access in Transmission
40. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Prepare National Electricity Policy and Tariff
Policy focus on rural areas permitting stand alone
systems
Extend supply of electricity to all villages /
hamlets
No license is required for generation and
distribution in rural areas
Subsidy provided by Central / State Government
41. Generation from Non – Conventional Sources
/ Co – generation is promoted
Metering of all electricity supplied made
mandatory
Distribution licensees are free to undertake
generation and generating companies are
allowed to take up distribution business
Private licensee are allowed in transmission
State Regulatory Commission made a
mandatory
42. Technical adviser to CERC as well as SERC
Technical advisor of Govt. of India /
state government with the responsibility
of overall planning
Stipulate Technical Standard for
electricity plants and electrical lines
Specify the safety standards
R O L E O F C E N T R A L E L E C T R I C I T Y
A U T H O R I T Y ( C E A)
43. Consumer to be given connection within
stipulated time
Penalty in case of failure to give
connection
Licensees are required to meet standards
of performance specified by Regulatory
Commission
Failure to meet standards makes them
liable to pay compensation to affected
person
C O N S U M E R
44. The Tariff Policy has been notified by
Government of India on 6th January, 2006
under the provisions of section 3 of the
Electricity Act, 2003.
Ensure availability of electricity to
consumers at reasonable and competitive
rates.
T A R I F F P O L I C Y
45. Promote competition, efficiency in operations
and improvement in quality of supply.
Ensure financial viability of the sector and
attract investments.
Promote transparency, consistency and
predictability in regulatory approaches across
jurisdictions and minimize perceptions of
regulatory risks.
C o n t d . ,
46. E N E R G Y C O N S E R V A T I O N A C T
The Energy Conservation Act, 2001
provides for the Legal Framework,
Institutional Arrangement and a
Regulatory Mechanism at the Central and
State Level to embark upon Energy
Efficiency drive in the country.
47. S A L I E N T F E A T U R E S
Standards and Labeling
Ensure that only energy efficient equipment and appliance
would be made available to the consumers.
Designated Consumers ( D C )
o Notify energy intensive industries and other
establishments.
o Get an energy audit conducted
o Appoint Energy managers
o Comply with norms and standards of energy
consumption
Certification of Energy Managers and Accreditation of
Energy Auditing Firms
48. E C A C T 2 0 1 0 ( A M E N D M E N T )
Central Government may issue the energy savings
certificate (ECerts) to the DC whose energy
consumption is less than the prescribed norms and
standards in accordance with the procedure.
The DC whose energy consumption is more than the
prescribed norms and standards shall be entitled to
purchase the energy savings certificate to comply with
the prescribed norms and standards
49. EC Act 2003 made significant impact on renewable
energy
Renewable Portfolio Standard ( R P S ) is a policy
instrument ensures that a minimum amount of
renewable energy is included in the portfolio of
resources
Retail seller of electricity has to include a certain
proportion of power from renewable energy
resources as per R P S
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
50. • Objectives for Indian Energy
Policy
A c c e s s f o r a l l
R e l i a b i l i t y
L o w C o s t
L o w C a r b o n
E n e r g y S e c u r i t y