Computers are digital devices that can process information. Early computing devices included the abacus and Pascal's mechanical calculator. The first modern computers used vacuum tubes, then transistors were developed in the 1940s-50s leading to integrated circuits and microchips. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s-80s with the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh. Computers have hardware components like processors, memory and storage as well as software programs that perform tasks. Operating systems control the hardware and allow use of application software. Common operating systems include Windows, MacOS, Linux and mobile OSs. Computers provide benefits like fast processing, data storage, and entertainment.

1. PRESENTATION ON INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Presented by :
Karan shah
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PresentationByKaranShah

2. 2
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WHAT IS A COMPUTER ?
 A computer is a digital device which can be
programmed to change (process) information from one
form to another.
 Do exactly as they are told.
 Digital devices: Understand only two different states (OFF
and ON - 0 and 1)
PresentationByKaranShah

3. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
 Origins of Computing Machines :
Early computing devices
1. Abacus : Abacus 300 BC by Babylonians Around
1200 A.D. in China and Japan. Positions of Beads
Represent Numbers.
2. Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator – 1645 :
Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator a Gear-based
machines (1600s-1800s) Positions of gears represent
numbers
 Inventors: Blaise Pascal, Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles
Babbage
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4. EARLY COMPUTERS
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 Vacuum tube
 Transistor
 Microchip

5. EARLY COMPUTERS
First Generation
 Vacuum Tubes : 1930’s – Vacuum tubes were
used as electronic circuits or electronic
switches.
 1946 – ENIAC : First large-scale electronic digital
computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator) 30 feet long, 8 feet
wide, and 8 feet high 3 additions every second
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6. EARLY COMPUTERS
Second Generation – Transistors :
 1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley
invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories
 Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch
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7. EARLY COMPUTERS
Third Generation – Integrated Circuits
 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later
became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed
the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or
microchip).
 An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of
interrelated circuits packaged together on a single
sliver of silicon.
 It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor
devices into as single, smaller device, the
“microchip.”
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8. EARLY COMPUTERS
Fourth Generation – Microprocessor
 A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit
(CPU) on a single chip.
 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first
microprocessor chip.
 Intel 4004
 108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300
transistors
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9. TYPES OF COMPUTERS
General Purpose Computers :
 Super Computer
 Mainframe
 Personal Computer
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10. IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER
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 On August 12, 1981,
IBM released their new
computer, named the
IBM PC
 2004 – IBM sells PC
business to Lenovo

11. APPLE COMPUTERS
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 1975 – Steve Jobs and
Steve Wozniak starts
Apple Computer
 1984 – Apple
Macintosh with
Graphical User
Interface (GUI)

12. LAPTOPS
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 1981 - Adam Osborne,
produced the Osborne
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 1988 - Compaq laptop
with color screen
 2008 – Macbook Air –
thinnest laptop
 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z –
thinnest Windows
laptop

13. STORAGE DEVICES
 There are two types of Storage devices they are:
1. Primary Storage Devices
2. Secondary Storage devices
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14. EARLY DATA STORAGE
 Punched cards
 First used in Jacquard Loom (1801) to store patterns for
weaving cloth
 Storage of programs in Babbage’s Analytical Engine
 Popular through the 1970’s.
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15. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
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SYSTEM UNITINPUT OUTPUT
PERMANENT
STORAGE

16. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
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Hardware
 Hardware : The
physical components
that make up a
computer system.
 Hardware
Components : Mouse,
Keyboard, Monitor,
Webcam, Joystick,
Scanner, Printer, etc.
Software
 Softare : The
programs (instructions)
that tell the computer
what to do.
 System Software
 Application Software
 Stored on a storage
media such as hard
disk, CD-ROM, floppy
disk, tape, etc.

17. SOFTWARE
 System Software
 Application Software
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PresentationByKaranShah

18. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 Performs specific tasks:
 Word processing
 Calculations
 Information storage and retrieval
 Accounting
 Games
 Cannot function without the OS (Operating System)
 Written for a specific operating system and
computer hardware.
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19. OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 Loads automatically when you switch on a
computer
 Main Functions:
 Controls hardware and software
 Permits you to manage files
 Acts as intermediary between user and applications
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20. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 Windows
 Linux
 Ubuntu
 Firefox
 Mac
 Android & IOS (Mobile/Smart Phone OS)
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21. FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
 Process Management
 Device Management
 Memory and Storage Management
 Communication & Security Management
 Application Interface
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22. TYPES OF USER INTERFACE
 There are 2 Types of User Interface They are :
1. GUI - Graphical User Interface
2. CLI – Command Line User Interface
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23. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER
 Fastest Medium Of Communication
 Used to Receive, Supply, & Process a Large
Volume of Data at a High Speed
 It Ensures Consistent and Error Free Prossing of
Data
 Computes every types of typical Mathematical
equations in seconds
 Mainly Reduces Man Work
 A Medium Of Entertainment & Knowledge
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24. PresentationByKaranShah
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THANk YOU