Introduction to computer by karan shah
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Computers are digital devices that can process information. Early computing devices included the abacus and Pascal's mechanical calculator. The first modern computers used vacuum tubes, then transistors were developed in the 1940s-50s leading to integrated circuits and microchips. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s-80s with the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh. Computers have hardware components like processors, memory and storage as well as software programs that perform tasks. Operating systems control the hardware and allow use of application software. Common operating systems include Windows, MacOS, Linux and mobile OSs. Computers provide benefits like fast processing, data storage, and entertainment.
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The evolution of computers
This document summarizes the evolution of computers from the 17th century to modern times in four generations:
1) Mechanical generation (1642-1945) featuring early mechanical calculators and computers like the Pascaline, Difference Engine, and Analytical Engine.
2) Vacuum tube generation (1945-1955) including pioneering computers like Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC I that used vacuum tubes and were programmed via switches or cables.
3) Transistor generation (1955-1965) when transistors replaced vacuum tubes, enabling smaller size and lower power. Computers included the TX-0 and IBM 7090.
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This document provides an overview of the evolution of computers from ancient times to the present day. It discusses the five generations of computers, starting with the first generation in 1942-1955 which used vacuum tubes and punched cards. Each generation saw improvements in speed, size, reliability and cost due to advances in hardware and software technologies. The document also categorizes different types of computers from supercomputers to microcontrollers based on their processing power and typical uses.
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This document summarizes the history and evolution of computers from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern microchip-powered devices. It traces the progression from early mechanical calculators in the 1600s and 1700s to fully electronic computers in the 1930s-1940s powered by vacuum tubes. The development of transistors, integrated circuits, and microprocessors led to smaller, cheaper computers starting in the 1950s. The first microprocessor was introduced in 1971, launching the era of personal computers in the 1970s and their widespread adoption through the 1980s and 1990s as microchips continued advancing in power and capability.
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4) Third generation computers from 1959-1971 saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, making hardware smaller, cheaper, and able to run multiple programs simultaneously.
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The document summarizes the five generations of computer evolution from 1940 to present day. The first generation used vacuum tubes, were room-sized, and relied on punched cards. The second generation used transistors, were smaller but still generated heat. The third generation used integrated circuits, were smaller and cheaper with keyboards/monitors. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip, could be networked, and developed many programming languages. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence with natural language and learning capabilities.
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Computers have evolved over five generations from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence. The first generation from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes, magnetic drums, and punched cards. The second generation from 1956-1963 used transistors which made computers smaller and more efficient. The third generation from 1964-1971 used integrated circuits on silicon chips which increased speed. The fourth generation from 1971 onward used microprocessors on a single chip and led to networks and the internet. The fifth generation presently aims to develop artificial intelligence using techniques like parallel processing and quantum computing.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER pdf
The document summarizes the evolution of computers through 5 generations from 1940 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes which were huge, unreliable, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation introduced transistors, which were smaller and more reliable than vacuum tubes. The third generation saw the development of silicon chips and mainframe computers from IBM and others. The fourth generation began in 1971 and featured microprocessors, personal computers from Apple and IBM, and silicon chips becoming the standard technology. The fifth generation includes modern technologies like machine learning, robotics, and virtual reality.
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The document summarizes the evolution of computers over 7 stages:
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4) Third generation computers from 1959-1971 saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, making hardware smaller, cheaper, and able to run multiple programs simultaneously.
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Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical computer in the early 1800s to be used for calculations. His machines were not completed due to limitations of machined parts at the time. Later inventors developed the light bulb, vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits which became the building blocks of modern computers. Gordon Moore observed that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles every two years, known as Moore's Law. This allowed computers to continuously shrink in size while increasing in power and capabilities over decades.
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The document summarizes the evolution of computers over time from ancient calculating devices to modern machines. It discusses five generations of computers:
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The document summarizes the five generations of computers, defined by major technological developments that changed how computers operate. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. The second generation used transistors, which made computers smaller, faster, and more efficient. The third generation used integrated circuits in silicon chips, further increasing speed and efficiency. The fourth generation used microprocessors built on a single chip. The fifth generation, still in development, focuses on artificial intelligence through technologies like parallel processing and quantum computing.
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The document summarizes the history and generations of computers. It discusses how early mathematicians tried to build machines to perform basic math functions and how Charles Babbage designed analytical engines in the 1830s-1840s to perform automatic calculations. It then outlines the four generations of computers, from the first generation in 1940-1956 using vacuum tubes, to the current fourth generation using microprocessors. Each generation brought improvements in size, speed, cost and capabilities as technologies advanced from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits.
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The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1951 to the present:
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2) Second generation computers (1958-1963) replaced vacuum tubes with smaller transistors, making computers faster, smaller and more reliable. Removable disk storage and ASCII code were introduced.
3) Third generation computers (1964-1971) used integrated circuits instead of transistors, further reducing size and cost while improving reliability. This led to innovations like minicomputers and ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.
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The document summarizes the generations of computers from the first to fifth generation. It describes the major innovations, components, size, languages, and operating systems of each generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large mainframe computers. The second generation used transistors and were smaller mainframes. The third generation used integrated circuits and were mini computers. The fourth generation used microprocessors and were microcomputers like PCs. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence.
Generation of computers
The document discusses the history of early computers, including the ENIAC which was the first general purpose electronic computer invented in 1946 using 18,000 vacuum tubes. It also mentions the UNIVAC 1, developed in 1951 by Eckert and Mauchly, as the first commercial electronic computer that could process both numeric and text data. Finally, it provides an overview of the five generations of computers from first to fifth generation machines.
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το ελάφι µε τα χρυσά κέρατα και οι στυµφαλίδες όρνιθες-oι στάβλοι του αυγεία
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Osteotomy around the knee in children.when and why?
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to get the video explenation of the slide show https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9_wa6FJ2BapZiLnBDw-n5Q
copy and paste the link on your URL port
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follow me for more slides
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Introduction to computer by karan shah
- 1. PRESENTATION ON INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER Presented by : Karan shah 1 PresentationByKaranShah
- 2. 2 2 WHAT IS A COMPUTER ? A computer is a digital device which can be programmed to change (process) information from one form to another. Do exactly as they are told. Digital devices: Understand only two different states (OFF and ON - 0 and 1) PresentationByKaranShah
- 3. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS Origins of Computing Machines : Early computing devices 1. Abacus : Abacus 300 BC by Babylonians Around 1200 A.D. in China and Japan. Positions of Beads Represent Numbers. 2. Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator – 1645 : Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator a Gear-based machines (1600s-1800s) Positions of gears represent numbers Inventors: Blaise Pascal, Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles Babbage 3 PresentationByKaranShah
- 4. EARLY COMPUTERS PresentationByKaranShah 4 Vacuum tube Transistor Microchip
- 5. EARLY COMPUTERS First Generation Vacuum Tubes : 1930’s – Vacuum tubes were used as electronic circuits or electronic switches. 1946 – ENIAC : First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high 3 additions every second 5 PresentationByKaranShah
- 6. EARLY COMPUTERS Second Generation – Transistors : 1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch 6 PresentationByKaranShah
- 7. EARLY COMPUTERS Third Generation – Integrated Circuits 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or microchip). An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged together on a single sliver of silicon. It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the “microchip.” 7 PresentationByKaranShah
- 8. EARLY COMPUTERS Fourth Generation – Microprocessor A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip. 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first microprocessor chip. Intel 4004 108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors 8 PresentationByKaranShah
- 9. TYPES OF COMPUTERS General Purpose Computers : Super Computer Mainframe Personal Computer 9 PresentationByKaranShah
- 10. IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER PresentationByKaranShah 10 On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new computer, named the IBM PC 2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo
- 11. APPLE COMPUTERS PresentationByKaranShah 11 1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak starts Apple Computer 1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- 12. LAPTOPS PresentationByKaranShah 12 1981 - Adam Osborne, produced the Osborne 1 1988 - Compaq laptop with color screen 2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows laptop
- 13. STORAGE DEVICES There are two types of Storage devices they are: 1. Primary Storage Devices 2. Secondary Storage devices 13 PresentationByKaranShah
- 14. EARLY DATA STORAGE Punched cards First used in Jacquard Loom (1801) to store patterns for weaving cloth Storage of programs in Babbage’s Analytical Engine Popular through the 1970’s. 14 PresentationByKaranShah
- 15. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES 15 PresentationByKaranShah SYSTEM UNITINPUT OUTPUT PERMANENT STORAGE
- 16. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE PresentationByKaranShah 16 Hardware Hardware : The physical components that make up a computer system. Hardware Components : Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Webcam, Joystick, Scanner, Printer, etc. Software Softare : The programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do. System Software Application Software Stored on a storage media such as hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk, tape, etc.
- 17. SOFTWARE System Software Application Software 17 PresentationByKaranShah
- 18. APPLICATION SOFTWARE Performs specific tasks: Word processing Calculations Information storage and retrieval Accounting Games Cannot function without the OS (Operating System) Written for a specific operating system and computer hardware. 18 PresentationByKaranShah
- 19. OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE Loads automatically when you switch on a computer Main Functions: Controls hardware and software Permits you to manage files Acts as intermediary between user and applications 19 PresentationByKaranShah
- 20. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM Windows Linux Ubuntu Firefox Mac Android & IOS (Mobile/Smart Phone OS) 20 PresentationByKaranShah
- 21. FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM Process Management Device Management Memory and Storage Management Communication & Security Management Application Interface 21 PresentationByKaranShah
- 22. TYPES OF USER INTERFACE There are 2 Types of User Interface They are : 1. GUI - Graphical User Interface 2. CLI – Command Line User Interface 22 PresentationByKaranShah
- 23. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER Fastest Medium Of Communication Used to Receive, Supply, & Process a Large Volume of Data at a High Speed It Ensures Consistent and Error Free Prossing of Data Computes every types of typical Mathematical equations in seconds Mainly Reduces Man Work A Medium Of Entertainment & Knowledge 23 PresentationByKaranShah
Editor's Notes
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