INTRODUCTION TO COAL MINING INDUSTRY Economic growth world over is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources such as coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and bio-mass or its converted form, electricity(power). Increased energy consumption (especially of electricity) is inevitable with higher GDP growth. Coal was created by the fossilised remains of plants and has high carbon content. Coal is the world\'s most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. Coal is still the primary energy source for several countries world-wide and provides between 25% and 28% of the world\'s primary energy. Worldwide, coal is the main fuel for the generation of electricity as the price of coal is cheap compared to other fuels. It is also the highest polluting source of electricity. The other major uses of coal are in the production ofsteel and synthetic fuels Top Ten Hard Coal Producers : China 276 lMt USA 1007Mt India 490Mt Australia 325Mt Russia 247Mt Indonesia 246Mt South Africa 236Mt Kazakhstan 104Mt Poland 84Mt Colombia 79Mt There are numerous damaging environmental impacts of coal that occur through its mining, preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport. This article provides an overview. Each topic is explored in greater depth in separate articles, as are several related topics: The introduction of coal mining projects embracing some other socio-economic issues such as depletion of crop land, pollution of water bodies, increase of landless farmers etc. The rural residents are entirely dependent on land to sustain their livelihood. But the expansion of mining activities is not only displacing them from their major sources of livelihood but simultaneously forcing them to become landless farmers (Hu et al., 2014). This situation forces them to deviate from their own cultural inheritances as they have emotional and cultural affinity with their indigenous farmlands (Christison, 2003). However, a minimal development is being taking place in the economic aspect of project affected people. This can be cited in the fold of infrastructural developments such as schools, clinics, roads, boreholes and pipe water supply (Appiah & Buaben, 2012). But the local residents express their dissatisfaction regarding the economic development which resulted as strikes, road blocks, and destruction of company’s assets (Garvin, McGee, Smoyer-Tomic, & Aubynn, 2009). Though the mining companies are justifying their CSR activities, but without the presence of community relations and development (CRD) functions, they are doing only ‘core business’. But for the successful implementation of sustainable development agenda, the functional equity needs to be established (Kemp & Owen, 2013). In the aftermath of mining, the authorities are mining companies adopting the mechanisation process which in turn increased the production and reduced the employment opportunity of the local residents. In West Virginia, the growing environ.

1. INTRODUCTION TO COAL MINING INDUSTRY
Economic growth world over is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources such as
coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and bio-mass or its
converted form, electricity(power). Increased energy consumption (especially of electricity) is
inevitable with higher GDP growth. Coal was created by the fossilised remains of plants and has
high carbon content. Coal is the world's most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. Coal is
still the primary energy source for several countries world-wide and provides between 25% and
28% of the world's primary energy. Worldwide, coal is the main fuel for the generation of
electricity as the price of coal is cheap compared to other fuels. It is also the highest polluting
source of electricity. The other major uses of coal are in the production ofsteel and synthetic
fuels
Top Ten Hard Coal Producers :
China 276 lMt
USA 1007Mt
India 490Mt
Australia 325Mt
Russia 247Mt
Indonesia 246Mt
South Africa 236Mt
Kazakhstan 104Mt
Poland 84Mt
Colombia 79Mt
There are numerous damaging environmental impacts of coal that occur through its mining,
preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport. This article provides an overview. Each
topic is explored in greater depth in separate articles, as are several related topics:
The introduction of coal mining projects embracing some other socio-economic issues such as
depletion of crop land, pollution of water bodies, increase of landless farmers etc. The rural
residents are entirely dependent on land to sustain their livelihood. But the expansion of mining
activities is not only displacing them from their major sources of livelihood but simultaneously
forcing them to become landless farmers (Hu et al., 2014). This situation forces them to deviate
from their own cultural inheritances as they have emotional and cultural affinity with their
indigenous farmlands (Christison, 2003). However, a minimal development is being taking place
in the economic aspect of project affected people. This can be cited in the fold of infrastructural
developments such as schools, clinics, roads, boreholes and pipe water supply (Appiah &
Buaben, 2012). But the local residents express their dissatisfaction regarding the economic

2. development which resulted as strikes, road blocks, and destruction of company’s assets (Garvin,
McGee, Smoyer-Tomic, & Aubynn, 2009). Though the mining companies are justifying their
CSR activities, but without the presence of community relations and development (CRD)
functions, they are doing only ‘core business’. But for the successful implementation of
sustainable development agenda, the functional equity needs to be established (Kemp & Owen,
2013). In the aftermath of mining, the authorities are mining companies adopting the
mechanisation process which in turn increased the production and reduced the employment
opportunity of the local residents. In West Virginia, the growing environmental consequences
and technological advancements are the reason behind the increased number of jobless persons
(Bell & York, 2010). But by employing effective community-company relation, the socio-
economic development could be attained. In the gold Fields of Ghana, the effective mechanisms
such as resolution of conflict, community development programmes, training for employment
and adoption of widespread environmental monitoring agenda are being taking place for the
sustainable development of the mining affected community (Yirenkyi, 2008).
Solution
INTRODUCTION TO COAL MINING INDUSTRY
Economic growth world over is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources such as
coal, oil and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and bio-mass or its
converted form, electricity(power). Increased energy consumption (especially of electricity) is
inevitable with higher GDP growth. Coal was created by the fossilised remains of plants and has
high carbon content. Coal is the world's most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. Coal is
still the primary energy source for several countries world-wide and provides between 25% and
28% of the world's primary energy. Worldwide, coal is the main fuel for the generation of
electricity as the price of coal is cheap compared to other fuels. It is also the highest polluting
source of electricity. The other major uses of coal are in the production ofsteel and synthetic
fuels
Top Ten Hard Coal Producers :
China 276 lMt
USA 1007Mt
India 490Mt
Australia 325Mt
Russia 247Mt
Indonesia 246Mt
South Africa 236Mt

3. Kazakhstan 104Mt
Poland 84Mt
Colombia 79Mt
There are numerous damaging environmental impacts of coal that occur through its mining,
preparation, combustion, waste storage, and transport. This article provides an overview. Each
topic is explored in greater depth in separate articles, as are several related topics:
The introduction of coal mining projects embracing some other socio-economic issues such as
depletion of crop land, pollution of water bodies, increase of landless farmers etc. The rural
residents are entirely dependent on land to sustain their livelihood. But the expansion of mining
activities is not only displacing them from their major sources of livelihood but simultaneously
forcing them to become landless farmers (Hu et al., 2014). This situation forces them to deviate
from their own cultural inheritances as they have emotional and cultural affinity with their
indigenous farmlands (Christison, 2003). However, a minimal development is being taking place
in the economic aspect of project affected people. This can be cited in the fold of infrastructural
developments such as schools, clinics, roads, boreholes and pipe water supply (Appiah &
Buaben, 2012). But the local residents express their dissatisfaction regarding the economic
development which resulted as strikes, road blocks, and destruction of company’s assets (Garvin,
McGee, Smoyer-Tomic, & Aubynn, 2009). Though the mining companies are justifying their
CSR activities, but without the presence of community relations and development (CRD)
functions, they are doing only ‘core business’. But for the successful implementation of
sustainable development agenda, the functional equity needs to be established (Kemp & Owen,
2013). In the aftermath of mining, the authorities are mining companies adopting the
mechanisation process which in turn increased the production and reduced the employment
opportunity of the local residents. In West Virginia, the growing environmental consequences
and technological advancements are the reason behind the increased number of jobless persons
(Bell & York, 2010). But by employing effective community-company relation, the socio-
economic development could be attained. In the gold Fields of Ghana, the effective mechanisms
such as resolution of conflict, community development programmes, training for employment
and adoption of widespread environmental monitoring agenda are being taking place for the
sustainable development of the mining affected community (Yirenkyi, 2008).