Introduction to biopharmaceutics (Part:01)
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Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Importance of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Relationship of Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Plasma level time curve Definition: MEC, MTC, MSC, Onset time, Tmax, Cmax. AUC
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Drugs work by being absorbed from the stomach and small intestine and traveling through the bloodstream to their site of action, usually interacting with receptors on cells. It can take 10-15 years and over 5000 compounds to develop a new drug that is approved for human use. Generic drugs are approved after the patent expires on the original drug. Drugs can act in various ways including chemically or physically reacting, modifying metabolism, interfering with cell function, or modifying neurotransmitters. Their concentration in the blood over time and therapeutic window are important, as is their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body. Many factors can influence individual drug responses.
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Introduction to Biopharmaceutics
Introduction to BiopharmaceuticsVNS Group of Institutions - Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.) India
This document provides an introduction to biopharmaceutics. It defines biopharmaceutics as the study of how the physicochemical properties of drugs and dosage forms affect drug absorption rates and levels. Key factors discussed include drug protection/stability, release rates, dissolution rates, and availability at the site of action. The document also discusses the significance of biopharmaceutics studies in understanding relationships between physical/chemical drug properties, dosage forms, administration routes, and systemic drug absorption levels and therapeutic effects.Pharmacokinetics basics Introduced and applications
This document discusses various pharmacokinetic parameters including peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach peak concentration (tmax), area under the curve (AUC), minimum effective concentration (MEC), maximum safe concentration (MSC), therapeutic range, and therapeutic index. It also covers pharmacokinetic concepts such as zero-order and first-order kinetics, measurement of AUC using the trapezoidal rule, cut and weigh method, and planimeter, and calculation of half-life. Mixed-order kinetics is also discussed.
General Introduction on therapeutic drug monitoring
Concept of narrow therapeutics drugs, understanding therapeutic drug monitoring definitions, indications
Basic Pharmacokinetics & Compartments Modelling.pdf
This document provides an overview of basic pharmacokinetic concepts including dosage regimens, pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacokinetic models, and compartment modeling. Some key points:
- Pharmacokinetics describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs over time. Parameters like Cmax, tmax, AUC can be evaluated from plasma concentration-time profiles.
- Reaction rates can follow zero-order, first-order or mixed-order kinetics depending on how the reaction rate is influenced by the drug concentration. Half-life concepts differ between these orders.
- Compartmental modeling represents the body as hypothetical compartments that communicate reversibly. Mammillary and catenary models differ in compartment arrangement
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Introduction to biopharmaceutics (Part:01)
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOPHARMACEUTICS PA R T: 0 1
- 2. CONTENTS • Biopharmaceutics • Pharmacokinetics • Importance of Pharmacokinetics • Pharmacodynamics • Relationship of Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics • Plasma level time curve • Definition: - MEC, MTC, MSC, Onset time, Tmax, Cmax. AUC
- 3. BIOPHARMACEUTICS Biopharmaceutics is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and dosage forms and affect the route of administration on the rate and extent of drug absorption. Biopharmaceutics is based on the physical and chemical properties of drug substance and formulation and physiology of the route of administration.
- 4. PHARMACOKINETICS Pharmacokinetics is the science of the kinetics of drug absorption distribution metabolism and excretion. The purpose of pharmacokinetic is to study the time course of amount and concentration of drug and its metabolite in the different tissue in the body and to construct suitable model to interpret the data.
- 5. IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOKINETICS Estimation of ADME of drug in the body. Estimation of bioavailability of drug from multi - source product. Estimation of bioavailability of drug from different formulation of the same drug. Optimizing dosage regimen of drugs. Calculation of appropriate doses regimen for individuals. Determining the effect of plasma protein binding of the drug. Determining the effect of food on the absorption of drugs. Designing optimal dosage regimen in individual patient. Estimation of renal impairment on accumulation and elimination of the drug. Calculation of various pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in order to describe the time course of drug in the body.
- 6. PHARMACODYNAMICS - Pharmacodynamics is defined as the study of biochemical and physiological effect of drugs and their mechanism of action. - It deals with the relationship between concentration of the drug at the site of action and the magnitude of effect produced by the drug that is the intensity and time course of effect produced by the drug.
- 7. RELATIONSHIP OF PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics - Dosing and medication errors. - Drug receptor status - Absorption - Genetic factors - Tissue and body fluid - Drug interactions - Mass and volume - Tolerance - Drug interactions - Elimination - Drug metabolism Prescribed dosing regimen Drug at site of action Drug effect
- 8. PLASMA LEVEL TIME CURVE The plasma level time curve is generated by obtaining the drug concentration in plasma samples taken as various time intervals after a drug product is administered. Drug concentration each plasma sample is plotted against the corresponding time at which the plasma sample was withdrawn.
- 9. • MSC: maximum safe concentration of drug above which shows toxic effect. • MEC: minimum concentration of drug needed at the receptor side to produce the diesel pharmacologic effect. • MTC: minimum drug concentration needed to just barely produce a toxic effect. • Onset time: the time required for the drug to reach the MEC. Duration of action: the difference between onset time and the time for the drug to decline back to the MEC. • Tmax: the time at which maximum drug concentration observed in plasma. It is proportional to the rate of drug absorption. • Cmax: the maximum drug concentration observed in plasma at a particular time. It is usually related to the dose and rate constant for absorption and elimination of the drug. • AUC: it is related to the amount of drug absorbed systemically.
- 10. …….T0 BE CONTINUED….. .....Part 2 will be published at 01/04/2021…..