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Introduction to Additive Manufacturing
The document discusses 3D printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and describes the 3D printing process which involves designing a 3D model, slicing it to generate G-code instructions, and printing the model using the G-code sent to a 3D printer. It also outlines some common applications of 3D printing such as producing low-fidelity prototypes and models or high-fidelity industrial parts and medical devices.
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Introduction to Additive Manufacturing
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- 2. What is 3Dprinting? An additive manufacturing process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. 3D printing process 3D printing explained
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- 4. 3D Printing Techniques Plasticbased: FDM (Fused Deposition Technique), where solid filament shaped plastic materials are melted in fine strands and fused together in layers to form a solid object. Resin based: SLA (Stereo Lithoghraphic Augmentation), where liquid resin chemicals sensitive to infrared light are hardened by infrared light emitting lasers guided by mirrors in layers to form a solid object For reference only
- 5. 3D Printing Techniques Powderbased: SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), where powder materials are sintered as a thin layer on a platform and heated up by powerful lasers that instantly melts and fuses the particles into a solid layer and repeats the process to form a solid object. Hybrid: APD (Augmented Polymer Deposition) where layers are formed just like the FDM but augmented by pigmented, conductive, thermos-conductive or insulating liquids between the solid fused layers to enrich the final solid object with additional features. For reference only
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- 7. What can be3D printed? Low-Fidelity (pixel based): Based on FDM technique. Cheaper -becoming popular among home users Can provide practical solutions to daily life problems Enables prototyping for functional tools and utilities Can print: • replacement parts • tools • furniture • edible models • digitally formed sculptures • homes • pottery etc.
- 8. What can be3D printed? Hi-Fidelity (fraxel based) Based on SLS, SLA and APD techniques. Expensive -mainly used in industrial prototyping. Can print: Rigid, and durable objects Metal parts for aerospace and other industries Medical applications such as cell regeneration, dentistry prosthetics or prosthetic limbs Drugs Objects that need high resolution
- 9. How to 3Dprint? Design: scanning, modifying or creating a three dimensional digital rendering of the model. Slice: preparing the G-code using a slicer software to determine the printing commands and saving it in G- code format for the desired printer. Print: transferring the G-code to the printer and initiating the printing process.
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- 12. The process ofcreating a visible synthesis of a model using computer aided design software (CAD) is called rendering. These renderings can be saved in various file extensions. The most common 3D rendering file extensions are STL, OBJ, FBX, COLLADA, 3DS, IGES, STEP, VRML and X3D. In our case the rendered 3D model should be saved as an STL or OBJ file that can work with a slicer software. Design
- 13. You can createyour own 3D designs or download them from various repositories. The most popular library for 3D designs is thingiverse.com The most-user friendly design software is tinkercad.com -a web-based program by Autodesk The STL (or OBJ) file we save or download contains the information a computer needs to generate a 3D image of a model Design
- 14. Slice The STL (orOBJ) file does not contain the commands the printer needs to print the object. To add these commands, we use a slicing software These commands are saved as G-code file format. In our case we are using the Ultimaker CURA software to prepare the G- code.
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- 16. Print The generated G-codecan be transferred to the printer using two methods: 1) via a micro-SD card, Wi- Fi or a USB connection cable (from the control box) 2) through saving the G- code on a micro-SD card and inserting it in the control box.
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