Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

1. Nanotechnology in Medicine - an Updated
Overview
A project report submitted to the Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia
Pacific, for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Science in Pharmaceutical Technology
Submitted By
M.A. JABBAR
Registration No: 14207110
Session: Spring-2015
Submission Date: 20 August, 2015
Department of Pharmacy
University of Asia Pacific

2. Dedicated to
My Parents, Teachers & Friends
Inspiration of my life

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah and entire praise for only Almighty Allah who has given me the ability for
completing my project paper and the opportunity to study in this subject.
I would like to express my profound gratitude and sincere regards to my esteemed Teacher &
Supervisor, Md. Rajib Hasan, Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific for his
unbound enthusiasm & rationalist ideas and excellent guidance.
It is my pleasures to express my gratefulness and thanks to Dr. Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan,
professor & Head, Sardar Mohd. Ashraful Islam, Associate Professor & Coordinator, MS Pharm
Tech, Mohammad Shahriar., Assistant professor, Dept .of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific
for kind helps in several occasions for this project.
I shall also like to express my thanks to my class mates especially Ali Imam Khaled , Atikur
Rahman Biplop , Md-Abubokkor Siddik , S.M. Ishaqu Farhan for their unfailing affection
suggestion, encouragement & cooperation in many aspect of this project. Their valuable criticize
helped me & made it possible for me to complete the work embedded in this project. A warm
salute to all who were directly or indirectly interconnected during my Project work. I fell happy
to announce another extroverts individuals whose contribution can never be forgotten.
At last but not least, I would express my heartfelt gratitude to my respected Father & Mother and
my beloved Brother & Sister for their great sacrifice in leading me to proper intellectual pursuit.
Their immeasurable love affection & encouragement to complete the project work with
confidence for my better tomorrow.

4. Summary of study
Nanotechnology is often described as an emerging technology—one that not only holds promise
for society, but also is capable of revolutionizing our approaches to common problems.
Nanotechnology is not a completely new field; however, it is only recently that discoveries in
this field have advanced so far as to warrant examination of their impact upon the world around
us.
Nanotechnology in medical applications: state-of-the-art in materials and devices
Nanotechnology is an extremely powerful emerging technology, which is expected to have a
substantial impact on medical technology now and in the future. The potential impact of novel
nanomedical applications on disease diagnosis, therapy, and prevention is foreseen to change
health care in a fundamental way. Furthermore, therapeutic selection can increasingly be tailored
to each patient’s profile. This report presents the state-of-the-art in the area of promising
nanotechnology approaches for medical technology. In particular, relevant applications are
reported in surgery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, biodetection of disease markers, molecular
imaging, implant technology, tissue engineering, and devices for drug, protein, gene and
radionuclide delivery. Many medical nanotechnology applications are still in their infancy.
However, an increasing number of products is currently under clinical investigation and some
products are already commercially available, such as surgical blades and suture needles, contrast-
enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging, bone replacement materials, wound dressings,
anti-microbial textiles, chips for in vitro molecular diagnostics, microcantilevers, and
microneedles.
Nanotechnology offers important new tools expected to have a great impact on many areas in
medical technology. It provides extraordinary opportunities not only to improve materials and
medical devices but also to create new “smart” devices and technologies where existing and
more conventional technologies may be reaching their limits. It is expected to accelerate
scientific as well as economic activities in medical research and development.

5. Table of Contents
Sl No Topices Page NO.
1. Introduction 1
2. Defination 2
2.1 Defination of Nanotechnology 2
2.1 Defination of Nanomedicine 2
3. Diseases and Cures by Nanomedicine 3
3.1 Treatment of Cancer 4
3.2 Prevention of Brain Damage in Neurodegenerative
Diseases
5
3.3 Hormone Deficiency 5
3.4 For the treatment of Infection 5
3.5 For Life Saving after Accidents 6
3.6 Diagnostic Imaging 7
4 Nanotechnology and medical applications 8
4.1 Liposomes 8
4.1.1 Targeting of liposomal drugs 10
4.2 Nanopores 10
4.3 Fullerenes 11
4.3.1 Types of fullerenes 11
4.4 Biosensors 13

6. 4.5 Nanotubes 14
4.6 Quantum dots 16
4.7 Nanoshells 17
4.8 Nanobubbles 18
4.9 Paramagnetic nanoparticles 19
4.10 Nanosomes 20
4.11 Dendrimers 20
4.12 Polymeric nanoparticles 22
4.13 Solid lipid nanocarriers 23
4.14 Polymeric micelles 24
4.15 Nanocapsules 25
4.16 Nanoemulsions 26
4.17 Ceramic nanoparticles 27
4.18 Metallic nanoparticles 27
4.19 Carbon nanomaterials 28
5. Nanosurgery 29
5.1 Early vision 29
5.2 Medical microrobotics 30
5.3 Manufacturing medical nanorobots 30
5.4 Respirocytes and microbivores 31
6. Nanotechnology in drug delivery 32
7. Commercially available nano drug delivery systems 34
8. Conclusion 36
9. References 37-52

7. List of Tables
1. Application of Nanomedicine for the Healthcare 4
2. Examples of drug delivery technologies in relation to the
current nanotechnology revolution
34
3. Nano drug delivery systems in the market 35
List of Figures
1. Low-resolution images (3D GraSE) of fibrin clots targeted
with nanoparticles presenting a homogeneous, T1-weighted
enhancement that improves with increasing gadolinium
level (0, 2.5, and 20 mol%).
7
2. Liposome for drug delivery 9
3.1 Schematic diagram of a cantilever based biosensor. The
yellow molecules bind specifically to the red molecules on
the right hand cantilever and are detected by the bending of
the cantilever
13
3.2 Biorecognition on a silicon nanowire biosensor. The surface
of the nanowire is modified with avidin molecules (purple
stars) which can selectively bind a streptavidin-
functionalised molecule or nanoparticle
16
4. Illustration of Nanospheres, Nanocapsules, Liposomes,
Micelles
22
5. Illustration of some nanostructures 28

8. 6. A molecular planetary gear is a mechanical component that
might be found inside a medical nanorobot. The gear
converts shaft power from one angular frequency to
another. The casing is a strained silicon shell with
predominantly sulfur termination, with each of the nine
planet gears attached to the planet carrier by a carbon-
carbon single bond. The planetary gear shown here has not
been built experimentally but has been modeled
computationally.
31
7. Nanorobotic artificial phagocytes called ‘‘microbivores’’
could patrol the bloodstream, seeking out and digesting
unwanted pathogens.
32