The introduction discusses how traditional knowledge systems like Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha provide holistic healthcare based on natural principles. The research problem focuses on understanding how community healthcare workers can effectively integrate indigenous medical knowledge into primary healthcare services. The literature review indicates that scholars since the 8th century have studied indigenous medical systems like Ayurveda, but more research is needed on integrating such knowledge into modern primary healthcare delivery.

1. v[CnS_1(Chapter-I)
tSgfxG (Introduction)
tSgfxG(Introduction):
;'ofIa[Da[Kdf] d'Gw'DdlG d'FfafIxfCF[ yfs- s'wfs- rSd'Ff k[Dd'Ff d[aft-tFV ylSg[Pf]C
'
glg[Pf]CF[ v[K;'Fo'MF'af ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIn[G y'I;fKmfCcfI s';lI glk-dfaf]i-. gft-nf gftnfcf] clStls- g' ;fDbls-xfCF[ rf]s-;fI d[Tt'af kfg-a]claf tIclt- ;fDdlnf kf]i-ifI j[a'GbfS
of jfwfSgfnfD j[a'Gbfq] s[Fd-af rfJ x[Ss] ;fDhlS d'Gw'Dn[G ru'af r[Id'Sk[Nn[ d'FfnfD
rSd[Da'Caf k'DgfI s'aG s'aGcf] ng-. d'Gw'DdlG ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIn[G m[hlSs'DafFC
d[g-gfI ;fDhlSs'Daf ;'Tnf k[GgfDcf] d'Ff d'Ff xli[cfI nTylS y'I;fKFC d[g-gfI k];fK kf]sv[cfI ofs-t'cfI jfC. c'gfx'Fl o[DdfI sTgfaf ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIn[G ;fSylDV o[TpfDafhfV
dfIwlD/;fDof]V ylDhlSV yfs-o'ylDV nf]o[DwlDV ;fKkfg- g' ;fKzSxfC kf]u[wSkf
tS_;fKd'Gw'Ddlaf x[GhlzSefcfI kfk-df;fI v[Db'C.
cfTtlG nfh]C vfDP'V kfIh'DV kfIe]C g' t[G s[o'IafcfI ooDaf kfg- s[afk-kfV n[defn'In[G ooDaf xlD s[rf]s-kfV oFlS ofI;f s'Gw] s[wSkf g' s[uKkfV oFlS s[glk-kf g'
vf;fDaf s[af]i-afV kfIoSsf] ;fjfg- s[af]i-afcfI s[afM]affV dlSm't-nf g' k[gl ;fKkfg-FC s[afkkfV ;xfIo'Skf g' xfIu[Gaf ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfI;fI c'gf o[Dn[af s';fKd'Gw'DdlG glF[IdfuF
vf sG d'Gw'D ;lufIi] xli[cfI jfCo[af vfM]b[T. x[Ss]cfI d'Gw'DdlGgfI v'g[C s';lufIi] xli[cfI
jfCo[af vfM]b[T. s'o[af]CclG cfSv[G cls-v'cfI jfC;fI s'wSslG cfSv[G jfxfKt'cfI jfC;fI kfttlNn[ s';Sdfg- g' nfIP]s-slNn[ s'xf]d-alqSjfclG d'Gw'Dd] gfDaf vfM]b[T. x[Ss]n-n[;fC vf
sG d'Gw'D ;lufIi] ofSnfu[G ofSy'In[G ;li-u'u[G ;SdfV ;fcl g' cfs- ofSV y'D ofSV
yS;fDV d'S;fDV dfI;fDV xfI;fD ofSV cfIblI g' y[;fSsfI ofS. dlS;]g-V ylS;]i-jf g'
ylSk[Ghljf rlI;lGgfI ofS. yfs-o'claf ;fDdlnfF[ gfcla]s-sf] cfNnf] vfFfS;fI s[xlIafcfI
s[jfCaf kfg-a]claf k'I;fKzS: cfTtlG ;lufI kfg-a]claf ;fKzSn[GgfI kfIv[bfCV oScfi- v[bfCV
clStls-slaf g' ;fDbls-slaf kfI;fDdlnfV kfI;fDnf]V d'Skfg-V kfg-n'K g' sf]o[Daf v[bfCV ;'DV
kfIjfclnfV ;fDdlnfV gl;fd-a]V nS;fd-a] g' df;fd-a]xfCF[G x[Ss] d'S;l g' ;jfxfC vfM]b[T.
ofIhlSV ;'dfhljfV ylDhlSV xlDafqDV s[;'qI g' ;'TgfF[G kf]wSnf g' kg-ag- y[Cw[C ;lhf]

2. kf]xlF[G v[bfC ofS. vf sG k[GhlxfCF[ rf]u'Nn[ d'Gw'DdlG nTylS xfSn'I cfTtlNn[ s'uKnlIcf]
ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIn[G ;i-h'Def]clG sK;lI of xlV ;fSylD g' ;fDof]clG gfI;fIn[
s'efIcf] xlIV ;fKkfg- g' ;fKzSslG cfIbfI kfk-d' nMf].
sF sG d'Gw'D s[FCaf ;'TnfclG kfk-df g' v[Dd[Nn[ cfSv[Gaf ;'F'Caf rf]s- v[Defc]
sG ;'Tnf ;lufI gld-;lIdfcfI zSgld- rf]s-dfV x[GhlwSdf g' g'D;]s-slG s';lIglk-dfcfI
;fDhlS d'Gw'Dn[G ;fIblu[af s'a] mfi-d[G s[w'Daf rf]s-. x[GhlwSdf g' s'a] mfi-d[G v[Daf
ofIofIaf g' ;'F'Caf xf]k-. clS;fu[G vfDa]s-df g' tFi-blI tfI;fIn[G d'bfInlId[G cfSv[Gaf
ofDaf kT x[Ss]cfI t'Iu'u[G j[Fi-n[G d'xInlId[G cfSv[Gaf d'xlk-;f]af g[ v[Defc] ;fDhlS
d'Gw'Dn[G s'x[GhlnfV s'a]V s'a[GV s'b[G g' s'o[s-ofclG s';lIglk-df g' zSgld- rf]s-d[G
kfSn'Daf rf]s-. sG ;lufI gld-;lIdfcfI ;fSylDdlafV ;fDof]clafV yfs-o'clafV ;fKkfg-glaf g'
;fDhlSs'Daf glnfDdf]g' zSgld- rf]s-d[G r'Ijfu[G t]s-vlD s[d'SkfcfI gfDef]of] x]df s[g[af
d[GpfDu[G gfDofKdl;fclNn[G ;lu] s';f];fDdlG jfofu[G ySn'K ;lufIg' sf]k-dfcfI nk-df
s';ls- of d'xInlI_v[xInlIcf]af d'xlk-;f]_y[xlk-;f]jfaf t'Iu'u[G j[Fi- ;lufIg' nTylS tf]s;]CclG vldfcfI nk-df s';ls-nf].
sf]Def] r[ofd-ef](Research Problem):
d'Gw'DdlG ;'TnfF[ glnfDdf]g' ofSy'In[G ‘d'S’ x[Ss]cfI ;fSylDn[ glnfDdf]g' nTylS
s'uKnlIcf] cfTtlG ;lufI ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIn[G o[TpfDafhf xlIi[cfI ofS. ;fKzSn[
glnfDdf]g' k'I;fKzS cfTtlG ;lufI yfs-o'claf ;fDdlnfF[ gfcla]s-sf] kfIv[bfCV oScfi- v[bfCV
clStls-slaf g' ;fDbls-slaf kfI;fDdlnfV kfI;fDnf]V d'Skfg-V kfg-n'K g' sf]o[Daf v[bfCV ;'DV
kfIjfclnfV ;fDdlnfV gl;fd-a]V nS;fd-a] g' df;fd-a]xfC xli[cfI ofS. tS_;fKd'Gw'D cfTtlNn[
ofSy'In[G ofIhlSV ;'dfhljf g' ylDhlSxfCV xlDafqDV s[;'qI g' ;'TgfF[G kf]wSt'C. xfttlGku'u[G kfIe]Caf ;'bf o'd]V t'Tt'u[G t'DofIxfIV m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]sf] ;fDe[Ff g'
;lefS ofg' t'Da'xfCg' ;'ufDdfI jfCV o'IV nfIP]s- v[Nn[ d'Gw'Dn[ kfg-bfCcf] oFlS clt-gld-V
yfclI g' ;lSs'DblI glIjfC sTt'. sF………………..

3. sf]Def] ;]g-nfKxfC(Research Questions):
d'Gw'Dn[ kfg- kfk-dfF of zSgld- rf]s-dfF k]s-d[Nn[ glIjfC ;lufI cfKmfn-n[;fI kFlS
kFlSkf ;]jfu[G ;]g-bf]xfC glIjfC ;lufI d[bfM:
(1) d'Gw'D ;'TnfclG ;'ofIa[Da[Kdf] kfk-df g' v[Dd[Nn[ ;'F'Caf jfCaf x[Ss]bIaf ofDglIjfC
kf]i- sF sG ;'Tnf ;lufI gld-;lIdfcfI zSgld- rf]s-dfF k]s-d[Nn[ d'Gw'Dn[G s'a]
mfi-df g' x[GhlwSd[G v[Daf ;'F'Caf d[af]i-g[G. v[Nn[ rf]u'Nn[ d'Gw'D d[Kdfgfa[G
;[Svfc] y]afZ sNn[ s'a]clG cfSs]FlS x[GhlwSdf ;'St[T Zd'Gw'DdlG cfSv[G
kFlSsf] xfMdf ;'St[T Z
(2) d'Gw'Ddlaf g' ;fDhlSs'DafV ;fSylDdlaf g' ;fDof]claffV ;fKkfg-glaf g' ;fKzSslaf
glnfDdf]g' zSgld- rf]s-d[Nn[ ofSy'I ;'jfIcf] d'Gw'Dn[G y] s'a[GV s'b[G g' s'o[s-of jfC
Z y] d'Gw'DdlG tfChlSkf g' ;fKrlclaf rf]s-klZ
(3) d'Gw'DdlGsf]k-dfF k]s-d[Nn[ t'Tt'u[G t'DofIxfIV m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]sf] ;fDe[Ff g'
;lefS ofg' t'Da'xfCcf]cfu[T.sF xft-plt'Tt'u[G t'DofIxfIV m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]sf]
;fDe[Ff g' ;lefS ofg' t'Da' d[d[Tt';lZ;i-h'Fef]cf] v'glC ofd-aSV t[G g' o[s-of jfC Z
v'glC ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfI ;fSylDV yfs-o'wlDV ;fKkfg-V ;fKzS g' o[TpfDafhf ;[k-dV
f
mf]d[Kdf] y] nSmfC g' g'gfd] d[uTt'C Z
(4) d'Gw'Dn[ kfg-glG o[xfI ;[Mdfcf]FC tf]o[Daf xf]k- sF dfIV ;fDdfIV rfOdfI g' tfK;fDdfIxfC
vMd[Nn[V ;ft-d[Nn[V g[dfNn[V kfg-bCxfC xGdfNn[ gft-nf gft-nfcf] d'FfafIxfCF[ d[aft-t'.
jfofu[G ;]g-bf]clG y] jfCa]a[Nn[ dfIV ;fDdfIV rfOdfI g' tfK;fDdfIxfCg' d'Gw'Dn[G y]
sfCcl jfC Z
;fKkGxfCF[G F[Igld- (Literature Review):
ofSy'I ;fDhlS d'Gw'D ;fDbfI v[Def ;fKkGxfC vfM]df ;'Sd[Gb[Tg[G. d[jf;fI ;'NnlSFS d[jfC.
;fDhlS d'Gw'DxfC m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]s-sf] ;fDafV o[af]s-sf] o[af_o[dfV t'Tt'u[G t'DofIxfI

4. g' d'Gw'D;faf vbfSdlxfCnfD rSd'Ff k[Dd'Ff d[aft-t'F o[MafNn[ d'Gw'DdlGgfI do[MF o[Mu[F
g'a[F o[McfI rlelelk-kf kf]s-v[ r'F[.
zlFlhIufxfI (822_925)V zlFlhIuf t[OcI;l (1704_1741)V nfn-zf]U ;[GbfI
(1840_1926) g' afh-alU yNnI;lF[ of]bIcf]cfI d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfC ;fFlS d[jo[ s[FCaf
kUdfIul vfM]d[b[Tg[G. d'Ff d'FfFC d[x'CF';lF d[jo[. tIa]_1929n[ cldfg-;lI r[d-hIn[
‘zlFlhIuf d'Gw'D’ ;fKt'cfI jo[ (m'F'Daf]C_1997). kf]i-df ;'S ofSy'I ;'jfIif] v[G d'Gw'D
;fKkGglG s[F[Sg'n-n[ ylS;lu]s-kf. v[G c]ufI 1931 n[ ;'a]bfU a'wlFfh- mfuf] g' h;- dfg;fd-ef;lF[ ‘slFft-;fD d'Gw'D’ ;fKt[;'cfI jo[ (nlDa' h]VcfU_ 2002). sGglG gl;lu]s-kf
d'Gw'D ;fKkG kf]s-v[. ‘zlFlhIuf d'Gw'D (1929) g' ‘slFft-;fD d'Gw'DxfCcf] y]w] d[aT
vfM]df ;'S d[Gb[Tt] jfC.
gfhlFl tIa] 1961 n[ zf]w'Iu[G cldfg-;lI r[d-hIn[ slFft- d'Gw'D ;fKt'cfI jo[.
v[Ggf] clS;fu[G vfDa]s-V s]hIu[G ;'FlTV reTt] y'IjfV j[FS j[FIV yfa'u[G ;lInfV
yS;fu[G k';f g' d[GpfDu[G ofKdlF[ kf]s-df d'Gw'D kT. sF sG ;fKkGglG m[hlSs'Daf g'
;fDhlSs'Daf ;'Tnf g' b]j-gfufFlS zSzSsf] jfCa[Nn[ s';lI glk-df rfC. 1991n[ ;'SvlD
o'Smf] gl;fDnSnfD y'k[T s[af]i-af ‘kft-tlnf ;fKzS’ (ofSmf 9 g' 10)cf] zf]w'Iu[G alValV
d'FlInfF[ ;fKt'af v[CnS (chapter) ‘rclt- d'Gw'D’cf] dlV rfJV ;'Flt-V clS;fu[G vfDa]s-V
tfI;fI vfDa]s-nS g' d[GpfDu[G ofKdl rclt-xfC cfSs]FlS kfs-v[ s[FCaf kfg-xfC kT. sG
;fKkGglG kft-tlnfcf] jfCa[Nn[ ;'ofIa[DafF[ nful glk-df g' s';lI glk-df ;'Ss[b[Kkf jfC.
x[Ss]FlSs] tIa] 1991cfI sTgf ;fDglaf g' d'Gw'D;fafxfCF[ d[;fKt' d[oM'F';laf ylSg[Tpl
d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfC d[jfC. v[GxfC cfSs]bIaf d[jfC Z y]F[ ;fDbfI n'Da]s(centerlised/focused) d[jfC. clt-vSjf of tf]oDjfclG (limitation) y]w] jfC Z v[Nn[ nful
ylSylS d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfC F[Igld- rf]s-d[G o[s-kf jfC.
;fKkf]s- rf]s-d[G d'Gw'D (s}nf_1991)cf] s'tfK;fDdfI vMdf ;lFlIdf vMdfV tS;I
dl;]s-V t[GpfDdf vMdfV o'dfdfI vMdf xlD;fDdfIxfC vMdfV y[af ;fDdfI (s]d-af/cfDe' ;[clt-dfI)
vMdf cf]rfFf klKrfdf g' j[uIdf vMdf g' s'wS s[Flk-d[Nn[ s'dfIu[Ggf rf]s-dfF[ kfg-xfC
kf]wSt';lcfI d[aT.

5. gfx[G d'Gw'D (1994) cf] a}Fful s}nfF[ d[GpfDu[G ofKdl;fxfCF[ df;l vs-;lgt'D;[cfI d[wfK;'Nn[ s'PSdfg- klGb[ k]cfI n'I;fDbfI r'St[cfI ccl kf]s-v[af. vfDn'I cclgg' ;'DbfI tSdl n'Ddf] gfx[G kf]s-v[af kfg- g' tfu[ tfSgfD ;[s-df m[MF[Nn[ vfDn'I cclNn[
tfSgfDdl cfa' ;[F'af xSt';lcfI g' s'g'Ddf] gfx[G kf]s-df x]s-t[afF[ kfg-xfC d[aT.
;fD;f]Pf d'Gw'D (s}nf_1994) nfD ;'xfIa[Daf g' nfxfbIgf;lF[ rlTnlIu] d'oi-af
;fDbfI cfa'u[G ;fxfC s]t-t[;lcfI oSv[;l. v[Da[Nn[ nTylS rlxfK xfKt'V g[KdfIn[ v]tt[;lcfI gfKgfKkf r[O;lNn[ t[s-v[cfI k'CF[. x[Ss]n-n[u nfKm];[ tM];[;la[G ofSk]s-sf]
r'St[cfI ;a[G;lI kf]s-v[cfI nlIP[. c]ufI v[G d'of o'Sgf kf]s-v[. d'ofclNn[ vfDaf]i-af
t[Daf]i-afxfCF[ ;fM_cM]xfC t]CF';lcfI o[s-v';l. ylSo[G dlStfS;f] kfn-nfclI;fxfCF[ r]n-nldfV
;fKkFl k[DaFld[GgfI d'ofclNn[ j[bf]cf]g' kSv' t]CF'cfI s'xfKkf] s[Tt'af kfg-xfC s';lI gltt[T.
tI;lI tSdf d'Gw'D (s}nf_1995)cf] o[ufqI;lI mf]i-dfV cs-jfuf] ;fInfIuf]afxfC tlsdfV m'Ijf rfIdfV jfofu[G kIn'I n[KdfV ;l tI;lI g' xlI tI;lI ;[DdfV dfIjf s'bs- klCdfV
g[Ttlu[G s'm'I tf]s-dfV reT y'Ijf m'IdfV kft-y'Iu[G n]s-if tfk-dfV m'Ijf nli-df g' s'g'Ddf]
cTt'u[G nfi[ g'i-df d'Gw'DxfC xSt';lcfI d[aT.
;;lS d'Gw'D (1995)cf]
s[F[G s]F'I sf]xld- nfCdf x]s-t'.
jfg-plIn o'Ii[Nn[ cfDb'S ;fxfD
d[F[;'Da[Nn[ ;fD;' odlI df;lGgfI
;';'Cd]t- kf]s-v[ s[FCaf kfg- kT.
s}nfF[ vfKk'Ff g[NnIblDdf tlu[GhIgf ;l;fu[G d[GplG
ylSo[G s'FfIxfC xfUbfC;f n[CF'cfI n'I;fDbfI s]hIu[G ;'FltnfM;[cfI s]hIu[G ;'Flt- ;lT jfg-b'. sF sDafqI d[Kdf
xStSsf] v[G cfa'u[G ;fclG ;fM]w. c]ufI vf v[G ;;lS
ofSy'I t[GwfD d]s-vlD (1998) kGwfs-n[ ;fD;lF] yl mlDdfV gfx[G vMdfV ylaf]iofSy'I ;'jfIif] rf]s-df s[af]i-af ylDxfCV dfIu[GgfC rf]s-dfV d]s-sfD sfDdfV ;] df]dfV o[xfI
;[MdfV mf;f tf]n-nf nlF[ yfIdfV cGbI ;fif gfs-df g' m'Ijf rfIdf kfg-xfC ;fKt';lcfI d[aT.

6. ofSy'I m'I;f]s- tlDdf d'Gw'D (1999) cf]cfI ;fD ;lF] yl;f]s- mlDdfV o[xfI;[MdfV
klTpf ;'Daf]s- m[IdfV g[xfIdf vMdfV gfx[G vMdfV dfIu[Ggf vMdf reTn'I o[i[jf ;fDV xfFfdf
klTpfdf ;fD mlDdfV o[s- yfMdf (;'DbfI ndlS yfdf/jf;fi-V ;lUkI yfMdf) tfu[Ff glIjfCm' of xfSdf
d'Gw'DxfC kGwfs-xfIilNn[ xSt';lcfI d[aT.
;'D;[Daf o[uqI;lI tI;lI tSdf d'Gw'D (kGwfs-_2001): sG d'Gw'D ;fKkGgf]
tfKm]i- rf]s-dfV tfK;fDdfI vMdfV cSjfgfdf yl;f]s- klCdfV klFlD;lI tfIdf d'Gw'DV ;[Mdf
d'Gw'DV d'hlSgf v[of]i-gfF[ d'Gw'DV n'Iw'I sfcl m[SdfF[ d'Gw'DV g[xfIdf vMdfV m'Ijf rfIdf
d'Gw'DV clw'S ;f]Pf gfk-df d'Gw'D jfof kIn'I n[Kdf d'Gw'DV ;lu[ ;f];fD m'Idf g' tlIblI
gfx[G yfMdf d'Gw'DxfC d[aT.
;ld]FlI d'Gw'D (2003)cf] kGwfs-xfIilNn[ ;fD;lF] yl;f]s- mlDdfV ;fD rDdfV vf
c'df tI;lI tls-df g' tSdfC klCdfV klFlD;lI tfIdf d'Gw'DV o[xfI ;[Mdf d'Gw'DV d'hlSgf
v[of]i-gfF[ d'Gw'DV n'Iw'I sfcl m[SdfF[ d'Gw'DV g[xfIdf vMdfV m'Ijf rfIdf o[xfI ;[Mdf d'Gw'DV
m[bfIdfV ;fDaf g' o[xfC jfF'D;lDdfV tfu[Ff glIjfCm' ;ls-slq yfMdfV g[Ttl s'm'I ;[DdfV s';lj[T g'
s'xlIj[T ;fD ;[DdfV dlSjf gfO ;fIdfV v[dfxlD oDdfV ;lnfD ;fSdf g' ;fD;]s-df d'Gw'Dn[ kfgxfC ;fKt';lcfI d[aT.
rclt- d'Gw'D (s}nf_2003) gfjfu[G rclt- kf]i-dfV yfMa'u[G ;lInfi- kf]i-dfV
ySn]u[G ;fDdfIV g[Ttlu[G s'm'IV oIPIu[G if;f ;lSr]g- yfCafV jfofu[G kIn'I g' d[GpfDu[G
ofKdl kf]i-df d'Gw'DxfC sG rclt- d'Gw'Ddf] vfM]d[b[T.
d'hf]t-n'I v[hf]t-n'I d'Gw'D (kGwfs-_2003) ;lufI o'df d'Gw'DV ;af ;fDdfIV g[xfIdfV
tS;Idl;]s- kf]s-df d'Gw'DV ofIvg-hdf kf]s-dfV clb'S ;f]Pf kf]s-dfV o[ufqI;lI mf]i-dfC
d[GpfD ofKdl rf]s-dfV cSjfgfdf mf]i-dfV jfof kIn'I n[KdfV dfIu[GgfC d[TplIdfV g[xfIdf vMdfV
;fclt- gfs-df d'Gw'DxfC d[aT.
s'bf]k-df ;ltI;lI tSdf d'Gw'D (al;-g' g'uf]_2012)…………………………

7. sG yfi- F[Igld- s[af]i-af d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfC clI;'Daf (informative), rlc'i-d'Skf
(cynosuric), g'i-h[Daf (reflective) g' ;'Tnf ;fKk]cf] s'Gw]nlaf (rich in word
diction)d[hf]s-. sF ylSr'D ylSk] n[SvfIg' n[Sjfu[G rDof]s- ySdf;lF k]s-d[Nn[
;fKkGxfCcf] oFlS r[ofd-ef] (problem) g' tf]o[DjfxfC (limitations) vfM]b[T. ylS;lu]sk[Kdf] ;fKkGxfC m[hlFl m[bfIdfV cf;fDuf] ;fDe[Ff g' ;lefS ofg' t'Da'xfCF[ o[xfI d'Gw'D
d[aft-t'xfC d[;'K;'cfI zSnlIwf]s- d[hf]u';lcfI d[jfC. sG ;fKkGxfCcf] d'Gw'D d[Kdfgf y]
s[FCaf kfg-glG x[Gd[wSt'F s'a] d[efs-v'cfI kKkf vfM]d[b[Tg[G. gl;lu]s-a[Kdf] ofSy'I
;'jfIcf] d'Gw'Dn[G y] s'b[G g' s'o[s-of jfC Z sG k[GhlxfC ;fKd'Gw'DV ;fSylDV dfIwlDV
;fKkfg-V ;fKzS g' ylS;]i-jfF[ glnfDcfs]g' ;fKrfclaf g' tfrlSclaf d[hf]s- of d[Ghf]s-g[G
v[G d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfCF[ kf]d[wSt'G. ;'D;lu]s-k[Kdf] ;fKkGxfC m[hls'Daf (classical),
;fDhlSs'Daf (philosophical) g' yfs-o'claf ;fKk]cf] (in traditional writing);'Tnf g' gftnfxfC d[aKk[Nn[ ;'ofIa[DafV ;fDglu[DafV ;fDglaf g' x[Gglk-kf_x[Gglk-dfxfCF[ nful glk-df g'
s';lI glk-df ;fFlSs] sf]xlwfi-af (highly standard)rf]s-. d'Gw'D ;fKkG ;lufIaf n'D;l
(central theme) g' s';]s-kf kfg- g' rf]dlSxfC (ideas)gli-b[D (grasp) rf]s-df d[hfC.
nl;lu]s-k[Kdf] oFlS tIaf d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfC rclt- kf]i-df d'Gw'DV dfI vMdf ylD g'
ylD;]g-xfCcf]FC n'Da]s- d[af]s-v[cfI d[jfC. ofSy'I ;'jfIif] dfIV ;fDdfI g' rfOIdfIxfC vMdfV
rf]s-df s[jfCaf kfg- sF v[G dfIV ;fDdfI g' rfOIdfIxfCF[ kf]s-df_;fd-dfF[ kfg- of d'Gw'D
cfSs]bIaf jfC Z vMdf of rf]s-df;lNn[ y]w] rluf]s-jfxfC rfxf d[hf]s- Z y]w] ylD g'
ylD;]g-xfC d[jfC s[FCaf kfg-xfC s'ef d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfCcf] d[aTpfI v[Defaf xU;[C (clear) g'
;'F'CcfI kf]wS d[Daf]s-v[Ga[Nn[ ;'ofIa[DafF[ nful s';lI glk-df s[hfCaf jfC. sG ‘ofSy'I
d'Gw'D’ ;fKkGglNn[ v[G r[ofd-ef]xfCF[ s'a]xDdf g' ;]g-nfKxfC gf]uK rf]s-df s';]s-kf
tfFfK sTt'Ff].
ylD;]g-wS g' ofa'G (Methodology and Source):
cfTtlGpfI sf]Def] ofd-aS x]s-d[Nn[ ofsf]Def]claf r[ofd-ef]xfCF[ s'a]xG rf]s-df g' ;]jfu[G
;[g-bf]a[xfC gf]uKdf;lF[ nful j]Cj] kFlSkf j]Cj] ofa'GxfC cf]ufK rf]s-dfcfI
clI;'DjfxfC(informations) m'Idf ;'St[T. sG clI;'DjfxfC s'ef yStf]af ofa'G (personal
source)g' s'ef;fKtf]cljf ofa'G(documentary source) nfD m'Idf ;'St[T.

8. sG ofSy'I d'Gw'D ;fDbfI gld-;lGgfIifI zSgld- rf]u'In[ ylS;lu]s-a[Kdf] yStf]af
ofa'G clI;'DjfxfCkfIe]Caf kfIe]CxfCcf] k]ufIifI ;fDhlS d'Gw'Dn[G ;fIblu[af t'Tt'u[G
t'DofIxfIV vbfSdlV kfg-hfs-_clIhfs-;fDafg' m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]sf] ;fDe[FfV ;lefS ofg'
t'Da'xfC t'd'I;lIV tfCh[Iul g' kfg-wSjf rf]u'IifI d[Grf]s-k'Gaf glI;fcl;f]d-nD(unstructured
f
interview) m'Sv'I. s'ef clI;'DjfxfCdfIV ;fDdfIV rfOIdfI g' tfK;fDdfIxfC d[Po';lNn[V
dfId[g[;;lNn[VdfId[;ft-t';lNn[VdfI d[g[;';lNn[V kfg-bfCxfC d[xGb'G;lNn[ ofSy'I d'FfafIxfCg'
'
o'ifI_jofIifI ;ffKnli- g' rTofs- rf]u'I;lIn m'Sv'I;lI. s'ef dfIb]s- d[PMo'Nn[V yfKm]i-V
;fKkf]s- rf]d[G d[hf]u'Nn[V m'I;f]s-xfC d[b]M;'Nn[ s'ef ;ltI;lI g' xlI tI;lIxfC d[bls-t'Nn[
o[xfIxfC ;ffKnli- g' rTofs- rf]u'I;lIn m'Sv'I;lIifI cl;'Cu[G r'Igf x[Tt'I;lI.
sG sf]Def] ofd-aSsf] ;fKtf]cljf ofa'GnfDvfM]u[b[Kkf clI;'DjfxfC cf]ufK d[af]s-v[cfI
d[jfC.cfSv[G ;fDglafxfC g' o[Ss]af_o[Ttld-afF[d[;'K;';lV d[e'Sv';lcfI zSnlIwf]s-g' cf]hD
d[hfM]u';laf d'Gw'D ;fKkGxfCcfI cld[Nn'Iaff ;fKtf]clafofa'G d[af]s-v[Nn[ rf]u'Nn[sG sf]Def]
ofd-aS of zSgld- rf]u'In[ v[G ;fKkGxfCcfI rfxfaf t[GxfCcf] cf]ufK rf]u'I;lIifI d[jfC.
zSgld-n[G tIh[D (Organisation of Study):
cfSs]bIaf sf]Def] ofd-aSsf];fIV zSgld- tIh[d-n[G oDaf s'g'gfd] g' yfi-;'a[Daf s't[G
jfC. sF zSgld- ofd-aSslG cfSs]FlS tIh[D rf]s-df kf]i- v[Nn[ clwfk-klG ;fDgla[Nn[
s'x'Ssf]c] jfC. glIjfCclNn[ s'yfK yfK tIh[D rf]s-df ;'St'.
sG ofSy'I d'Gw'D ;fDbfI gld-;lGgfIifI zSgld- rf]u'In[ ylS;lu]s-a[Kdf]
o[Dbf]C;[Ggf] (Phase-I)kfIe]Caf kfIe]CxfCcf] k]ufIifI ;fIblu[af d'Gw'D;faf t'Tt'u[G
t'DofIxfIV vbfSdlV kfg-hfs-_clIhfs-;fDaf g' m[hlFl m[bfIdfV ;fDaf]sf] ;fDe[FfV ;lefS ofg'
t'Da'xfC t'd'I;lIV tfCh[IulV kFi-uf g' kfg-wSjf v'glCg' rf]u'IV d[Grf]s-k'Gaf glI;fcl;f]difInfIifI clI;'DjfxfC m'Sv'I. s'ef o[DkfIe]CxfCcf] dfI d[Po'Nn[V dfI d[g[;'Nn[VdfI d[;ft-t'Nn[V
kfg-bfC g' dfIb]s-xfC d[xGb'Nn[V dfIu[GgfC g' g[xfIdf d[Po'Nn[V tfKm]i- d[hf]u'Nn[V ;fKkf]srf]d[G d[hf]u'Nn[V m'I;f]s-xfC d[b]M;'Nn[ s'ef o[G ;ltI;lI g' xlI tI;lIxfC d[bls-t'Nn[V
ofSy'I d'FfafIxfCg' o'ifIifI d'Gw'D ;ffKnli- g' rTofs- rf]u'I;lIV m'Sv'I;lI. x[Ss]cfI v[G

9. d'Gw'D ;'K;'I;lIaf g' m'Sv'I;lIafxfC d'Gw'DdlG y] s[FCaf kfg-glG zSgld- rf]s-df x]st'Ig' cl;'Cu[G r'Igf x]s-tI.
'
gl;lu]s-af o[Dbf]C;[Ggf] (Phase-II) ofSnfu[G ofSy'I ;'jfIcf] d'Gw'DdlNn[ y] s'a[GV
s'b[G g' s'o[s-of jfCZdfIV ;fDdfIV rfOIdfI g' tfK;fDdfIxfC y];l Z sGxfCF[G n'Ddf] y]F[G
s';[G g' ylSk[Ghljf jfC Zx[Ss]cfIdfIV ;fDdfIV rfOIdfI g' tfK;fDdfIxfC g' ofSy'I d'Gw'D
n'Ddf] y] sfC;l jfC s[FCaf kfg- ;fDbfI zSgld- rf]s-df g' r'Igfx[Kdf ;'F'Ig' sf]Def] ofdaSslG ;fKt'I ;'F'I.