This document provides an overview of introductory concepts related to audiovisual production and video recording. It discusses key terms like audio, video, and audiovisual. It also covers different digital audio file formats, types of digital recorders, video formats and containers, factors to consider when choosing a video camera, and basic care and handling of audiovisual materials. The document is intended as an introduction for beginners to understand fundamental concepts before engaging in video and audio recording.

1. FILM 290 Intro to Video
Production
Oyetayo Raymond Ojoade

2. Audiovisual Recording an
Introduction
 Audiovisual
 films, recordings used in teaching.
 Relating to both hearing and sight
 Audio – something heard
 Video – something seen
 Recorded sound has become a central part of our
culture, affecting the way we make music and
remember the past.

3. Audiovisual Recording an
Introduction
 “Sound” is everything we hear in a movie
 words,
 sound effects, and
 music.
 Sound is used to heighten a mood
 Information about the location of a scene
 Advance the plot
 Tells us about the characters in the story.

4. Digital Audio Files
 An audio file format is a file format for storing digital
audio data on a computer system.
 The file can be uncompressed – left in it’s raw state
 Compressed to reduce the file size.

5. Types of digital audio files
 WMA - Windows Media Audio format
 Waveform Audio File Format (WAV) - Standard audio
file container format used mainly in storing
uncompressed audio files. This means that the file is a
big file 10mb and above.
 Mp3 - MPEG Layer III Audio. Is the most common
sound file format used today.
 M4a - An audio-only MPEG-4 file, used by Apple for
unprotected music downloaded from their iTunes
music store.

6. Types of digital audio files
 Audio Interchange File Format (Aiff) - Standard audio
file format used by Apple. It could be considered the
Apple equivalent of wav.
 AAC - The Advanced Audio Coding format is based on
the MPEG2 and MPEG4 video standards.

7. Digital Recording for
Beginners
 Audio has recently become more standardized and
restricted when it comes to video and/or audio
productions.
 Microphones – A good microphone is an important
item in audio recording.
 It makes a big impact on how the recorded voice or
instrument will sound.

8. Digital Recording for
Beginners
 Headphones for recording
 This is a must have for audio recording
 You want to make sure that your audio is clean, clear
and not distorted.

9. Digital Recorders
 A device that converts sound into a digital file that can
be moved from one electronic device to another,
played back by a computer, tablet or smartphone and
stored like any other digital file.
 Most digital recorders support the popular audio file
formats.

10. Digital Recorders
 Most if not all digital audio recorders have internal
memory and come with a slot for adding memory with
an SD card.
 Audio recorders have external jacks (connectors) for
an external microphone and/or headphones.

11. Digital Audio Recorders

12. Video Recording
 Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying,
playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual
media.
 Video systems vary tremendously in the display resolution
and how they are refreshed
 They can also be carried on a variety of media, including
radio broadcast, tapes, DVDs and digital computer files.
 Video recording has come a long way. Most of us have
smart cell phones that can now record High Definition
Video.

13. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 Containers- (Video and audio Data) - .wmv, .asf, ,rm, .mov,
.mpeg, .avi, .mp4, .flv,
 Codecs - (computer software) h.264, MPEG2, Prores 422
and 444 used to compress video containers into either
bigger or smaller files for easy export and import via
internet.
 The highest quality video format is going to be the format
you captured your video in High Definition, 4K (3840×2160)
lines, 5K (5120 × 2880), 8K (7680×4320), 16K
(15360x8640). ‘K’ meaning the number of “finished picture
pixels” contained in one complete horizontal scan line

14. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 Every time video is compressed quality data is lost
 Converting your uncompressed (Raw) HDV formatted files
even into a high quality MP4 will result in a loss of quality.
 While it's necessary to compress files in order to be able to
share them, you should avoid re-compressing any more
than you have to.
 Keep your master files in the original format; edit and
create versions at whatever sizes necessary — but always
from the originals.

15. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 Audio Video Interleave (.avi) developed by Microsoft
and released with Windows 3.1
 QuickTime (.mov or .qt) developed by Apple and
supports a wide variety of codecs.
 Advanced Video Coding, High Definition (AVCHD)

16. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 H.264 is a popular standard for compressed high
definition digital video. It sends highly compressed low
resolution video across the web and encodes your
high definition movie at super high bitrates for delivery
to a High Definition television.
 .M4V and .MP4 are similar and are both part of
MPEG-4 which was based on the Quicktime file
format.
 .m4v was created by Apple as an extension of MPEG-
4 for apple products like iTunes, iPhone and the iPad.

17. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 MPEG-1 is used almost exclusively for Video
Compact Disks (VCD), which are extraordinarily
popular in some parts of the world.
 MPEG-2 (h.262) is used for DVDs and pretty much
nothing else with the exception of broadcast High
Definition Television

18. Video Formats Containers
and Codecs
 Windows Media Video (.wmv)
 With the arrival of the internet, people started trying to
come up with ways to share video that wouldn't take up
a lot of bandwidth and disk space.
 One of the big advances was the idea of streaming
video — where your computer downloads only a part of
a video and begins to play while the download
continues — this means you don't have to wait two
hours for a movie to download before you can start
watching.

19. Choosing a Video Camera
 Most people use the DSLR’s with Interchangeable
lens these days for better image quality and
affordability.
 If you intend to shoot news then the camcorder will be
better cause it is easier and quicker to use.
 Most beginners go with the still camera with
interchangeable lenses which shoot good quality
video.

20. Choosing a Video Camera
DSLR
 Pros
 Good in low light
 Good shallow focus effects
 Lots of creative control
 Best for making creative short films on a tight budget

21. Choosing a Video Camera
 Cons
 Poor sound recording
 Awkward to handhold
 Limited recording time

22. Prosumer Camcorder
 Pros
 These cameras have better image
 Better sound quality
 More creative control than the DSLR
 Has external audio plugins
 Best for news, documentaries and events at a low
budget s

23. Prosumer Camcorder
 Cons
 Bigger and more complicated
 Image quality not as good
 Image quality not accepted by broadcasters

24. Professional camcorders
 Pros
 More creative control than prosumer camcorders
 Has external audio plugins
 Lets you work faster
 Good in low light situations
 Best for documentaries, events like weddings

25. Professional camcorders
 Cons
 Too big
 Expensive
 Takes time to learn
 Poor image quality

26. Professional camcorders
 Cons
 Best for news, documentaries and events at a low
budget
 Bigger and more complicated
 Image quality not as good
 Image quality not accepted by broadcasters

27. Interchangeable lens
Professional video cameras
 Pros
 Have large sensors
 Have interchangeable lens
 Produce really good images
 Handle better than cheaper DSLR’s
 Good in low light
 Creative control

28. Interchangeable lens
Professional video cameras
 Cons
 Too big
 Very expensive

29. Consumer Camcorders
 Pros
 Small
 Good controls
 Easy to handle
 Better to handle than DSLR’s
 Good for families and school children
 Cons
 Image and sound quality not good

30. Care and Handling of AV
Material
 Store in a cool, dry, and clean environment s
 Store in enclosed cases
 Clearly label case and tape
 A soft, dry cloth can be effective. Sometimes, a can of
compressed air can be used to dislodge dust from the
interior of equipment; just be careful not to blow the
dust into even more sensitive areas.

31. Setting Up A Tripod
 https://youtu.be/yfwctApMtPM

32. How to Wrap An XLR Cable
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ4ZKkJ_HxE

33. Filmora Tutorial
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UET7QptHtc

34. Production Team

35. Production Paperwork
 Release form
 A a document that gives a filmmaker permission to
distribute and sell his/her video or film
with the permission of a talent they recorded. The
form protects you from your talent getting cold feet after
the production has wrapped.

36. Release Form

37. Call/Contact sheet
 Call/Contact sheet
 A daily call sheet is a schedule crafted by the
assistant director, using the director's shot list. It is
assigned to the cast and crew of a film production
informing them of their daily locations and times for a
particular day of filming.

38. Call/Contact Sheet
Production Office Nearest Hospital to Set
LOCATIONS
# Location Address Parking Contact
1 Smith’s Bagels 123 John St.
New York, New York
Street Parking out front Mary
C: 555-555-5555
Scene and Description Cast Pgs Loc
TOTAL PAGES:
SET REQUIREMENTS
Props:
Special Effects:
Vehicles:
Wardrobe:
Makeup:
Set Dressing:
Animal Wrangler:
Stunts:
Producer
NAME
PHONE NUMBER
Producer
NAME
PHONE NUMBER
Production Manager
NAME
PHONE NUMBER
Production Coordinator
NAME
PHONE NUMBER
1st Assistant Director
NAME
PHONE NUMBER
Executive Producer:
Producer:
Director:
Production Manager:
Production Coordinator:
1st
Assistant Director:
TITLE
DATE:
SHUTTLE INFO:
WEATHER:
First Aid kit and fire extinguisher at
the craft table.
CALL TIME
00:00
Check grid for individual call times
LUNCH
00:00
# Cast Role Call Time Pick Up Time MU/WD Set Call
1.
2.
3.
Extras/Background
Transportation
Craft – Hot & Ready @
Cast/Crew Subs x 00 @ 0000
Catering
Cast/Crew Lunch x 00 to be Hot & Ready @ 0000 to be served @ 0000

39. Budget
 Budget
 Film budgeting is the process by which a line
producer, unit production manager, or production
accountant prepares a budget for a film production.
 The budget could be over 134 pages long
 It is used to secure financing for
 pre-production
 production of the film.

40. Continuity sheet
 Continuity sheet
 For each scene you make a note of the scene number
and take, the camera file numbers and audio file
numbers.
 Most importantly you want to get the notes for the
scene.
 This information is then passed to the editor at the end
of the shoot.
 The editor now knows how and what to reference when
working on the edit.

41. Continuity sheet

42. Location scouting
 Story: It all starts with the storyline.
 The most important element to consider when
scouting locations is the story.
 First and foremost, see if the location matches the
scene the film’s story.

43. Location scouting
 Sight: Visualize the shots. Imagine what the camera will see when
scouting locations.
 What will we see in the frame?
 How wide are you shooting?
 Are you just shooting into a corner, or will you need complete
coverage?
 Are the important establishing elements all visible in a single frame?
 Can you create a clear frame with appropriate background objects?
 How much effort will it take to transform the space into what you need?
 Do the shots contain commercially owned properties that need
clearance?

44. Location scouting
 Sound
 Being able to record clean dialogue is one of the most
important requirements for a smooth shoot.
 When you’re scouting a location, listen carefully for
any noises that could become problematic.
 Air condition
 Road construction
 Cars on the highway

45. Location scouting
 Mind your surroundings
 It could be perfect on a weekend and completely
different during the week.
 Examples…

46. Location scouting

47. Script
 Script
 A screenplay or script, is written by screenwriters for
a film, television program or video game.
 They can be original works or adaptations from existing
pieces of writing.
 The movement, actions, expressions and dialogues of
the characters are narrated.

48. Script
 Script
 Begin the outline of your story with a basic flow of your
narrative. ...
 Write your story in three acts. ...
 Add sequences. ...
 Start writing scenes. ...
 Begin writing dialogue. ...
 Pitch your finished work to friends to get feedback….

49. Script
 Scriptwriting software
 Celtx

50. Celtx Tutorial
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KX06J2cG9eo

51. Storyboard
 A storyboard is a visual representation of your film on
paper.
 It helps you communicate important decisions regarding
the composition and framing of each shot before a shoot.
 Actors will know where they are supposed to stand,
cinematographers and directors will better understand how
a scene is supposed to look
 Most importantly Investors will know that you are a real
professional.

52. Storyboard

53. Expense report sheet
 Expense report sheet
Name:
Position:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Audited by:
Validation Initials:
Be sure to provide all receipts for above expenses.
EXPENSE REPORT
TOTAL
Project or
company
Date
(mm/dd/yy)
To Whom Paid (Biz name) Purpose

54. Shot list
 Shot list
 A shot list is a full list of all the shots that are part of
your film.
 Write out your list of camera shots.
 Group the camera shots by setups.
 Reorder the setups into the most efficient order of
shooting.

55. Shot list

56. Video Equipment Checklist
 Can you imagine showing up at a shoot in Grenada
and suddenly realize that you have forgotten some
essential piece of equipment back in Trinidad.
 A professional videographer must alway keep a video
equipment checklist to avoid this problem.

57. Video Equipment Checklist

58. Edit Decision List (EDL)
 Edit Decision List (EDL)
 It is used in the post-production process of
video editing.
 The EDL contains an ordered list of timecode data
representing where each video clip can be obtained in
order to complete the final edit.

59. Edit Decision List (EDL)