The Senegalese grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss, 1877) is a serious agricultural pest in Senegal. The use of chemical pesticides on a large scale has raised concerns because of side effects on health and the environment. As an alternative to chemical control, a fungal strain of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff, Sorokin) was isolated from the Senegalese grasshopper, and grown in agar culture medium. The effect on O. senegalensis was studied with an oil fungus formulation of 340 × 105 conidia/ml. Spraying took place in the field, and both nymphs and adults were infected with the fungus oil formulation. A total of 1.5 liter oil formulation of fungus was used for 1500 m2. Two methods were used to assess effectiveness: 1) we captured infected insects and fed them fresh grass daily in the laboratory and recorded time to death; 2) we counted insects in the field before and after application. In the field, the number of insects decreased significantly after the fungus treatment. In the laboratory, the lethal time at which 50% of the insects died varied between 8 to 9 days. The effectiveness of M. anisopliae in natural environment decreased with time.
Mosquitoes belong to the insect family Culicidae, with over 3,000 species known to exist throughout the world. They are blood-suckers and because of this habit, they may vector and transmit some of the most significant infectious disease of humans and animals alike including malaria, equine encephalitis, dog heartworm, filarial nematodes, e.t.c. mosquitoes can be found in a wide variety of habitats including stagnant water, swamps, weedy sides of streams, e.t.c. changes in the environment such as rainfall changes, agricultural changes, and human habitations can however afftect their distribution. The control of mosquitoes involves the use of Insecticides-treated (bed) nets (ITNs), predators such as mosquito fish, Gambusia, larvacides, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), use of mosquitos’ repellents, and the elimination of breeding sites. In order for the control strategies to be effective, studies on the biology and ecology of mosquitoes should be encouraged.
Presentation by 3. Sabrina Vidaurri, MS, RS; Environmental Health Officer Supervisor, Rodent & Vector Program, Environmental Health Services Division, City of Austin/Travis County Health Department at Lost Creek Civic Organization general meeting on June 2, 2106.
The Senegalese grasshopper Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss, 1877) is a serious agricultural pest in Senegal. The use of chemical pesticides on a large scale has raised concerns because of side effects on health and the environment. As an alternative to chemical control, a fungal strain of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff, Sorokin) was isolated from the Senegalese grasshopper, and grown in agar culture medium. The effect on O. senegalensis was studied with an oil fungus formulation of 340 × 105 conidia/ml. Spraying took place in the field, and both nymphs and adults were infected with the fungus oil formulation. A total of 1.5 liter oil formulation of fungus was used for 1500 m2. Two methods were used to assess effectiveness: 1) we captured infected insects and fed them fresh grass daily in the laboratory and recorded time to death; 2) we counted insects in the field before and after application. In the field, the number of insects decreased significantly after the fungus treatment. In the laboratory, the lethal time at which 50% of the insects died varied between 8 to 9 days. The effectiveness of M. anisopliae in natural environment decreased with time.
Mosquitoes belong to the insect family Culicidae, with over 3,000 species known to exist throughout the world. They are blood-suckers and because of this habit, they may vector and transmit some of the most significant infectious disease of humans and animals alike including malaria, equine encephalitis, dog heartworm, filarial nematodes, e.t.c. mosquitoes can be found in a wide variety of habitats including stagnant water, swamps, weedy sides of streams, e.t.c. changes in the environment such as rainfall changes, agricultural changes, and human habitations can however afftect their distribution. The control of mosquitoes involves the use of Insecticides-treated (bed) nets (ITNs), predators such as mosquito fish, Gambusia, larvacides, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), use of mosquitos’ repellents, and the elimination of breeding sites. In order for the control strategies to be effective, studies on the biology and ecology of mosquitoes should be encouraged.
Presentation by 3. Sabrina Vidaurri, MS, RS; Environmental Health Officer Supervisor, Rodent & Vector Program, Environmental Health Services Division, City of Austin/Travis County Health Department at Lost Creek Civic Organization general meeting on June 2, 2106.
Whenever the population of any insect species
increases significantly, so as it causes
appreciable economic loss, is known as pest.
Pest control is important as they cause heavy economic loss.
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Whenever the population of any insect species
increases significantly, so as it causes
appreciable economic loss, is known as pest.
Pest control is important as they cause heavy economic loss.
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Mosquitoes vectors of malaria and their controlnelson oru
Mosquitoes: introduction
There are about 3000 species of mosquito, of which about 100 are vectors of human diseases
Mosquitoes and ticks account for the majority of transmissions of the most important vector-borne diseases, although some close relatives of mosquitoes also get involved, including sand flies and black flies.
Mosquitoes: behavior
Female mosquitoes feed on animals and humans
Attracted by the body odours, carbon dioxide and heat emitted from the animal or person
Some species prefer biting at certain hours, for example at dusk and dawn or in the middle of the night
Feeding usually takes place during the night but daytime biting also occurs
Some species prefer to feed in forests, some outside of houses, others indoors.
When black water or sewage sludge contaminates a property from a natural disaster or when nature causes havoc on sanitary pipes during winter, the microbial contamination can be significant, especially in hospital or other healthcare settings. Many of these individuals are elderly or sick with depressed immune systems. The microflora is much different in these settings than a toilet overflow in a residential dwelling. Knowing the risks and remediation needed to cleanup the mess depends on the type of microbial contamination. Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi may found in combination or alone at different stages. In areas where the river banks overflow or dams collapse, surface water can cause damage to sanitary systems, raise deceased victims from the grave, and transport contamination offsite to other downstream neighborhoods. Knowing what to do and the timing to react are very important in the outcome of the event.
Food Hygiene Regulations require that food is wholesome & safe & has not been contaminated by flying insect pests. All food preparation and retail premises should be protected against flies.
Argentine ant is one of the most invasive species but only found in the temperate Southern states. PIA key is a useful tool (as it the Sumitomo pocket guide, available on the stand).
4. Placement & Maximizing The Effect of IL TSEris Hess
Any products referenced in this presentation are used for example only, and should not be construed as a positive or negative endorsement. Any products or techniques referenced in this presentation may be subject to local laws and regulations, and compliance with such is the sole responsibility of the viewer.
This presentation and its contents (including text based content, images and photographs) are owned by Brandenburg UK Ltd. and protected under copyright laws. It is distributed without charge. You are granted permission to distribute it and use it for any purpose provided:
You do not remove these terms of use.
You do not make any other changes to the contents or layout.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
3. • Flying insects carry disease and if not
properly controlled can cause
contamination within the food chain
• In non-food areas, they give rise to the
perception that the hygiene at a
particular location is poorly managed
• It is important to ensure a proactive
flying insect control programmes is in
place as part of the wider pest control
strategy
Introduction to Flies
7. • The average life cycle is
between 8 days to 2 months
• House flies watch each other
constantly and follow each
other to find food sources
• Flies spread diseases quickly
because they move from
rotting disease laden garbage,
to utensils and foods
Fly Facts
The lifecycle of a fly
9. Flying Insects
A compound eye
• Flies eyes feature thousands
of receptors.
• The images that they see is a
sum of all the pictures from
each receptor
• Flies have a very wide sphere
of view due to this and can
detect very fast movement
11. • The common house fly can carry up
to 1.9 million bacteria on its body
• Up to 33 million micro-organisms
flourish in a fly’s gut
• Flies deposit thousands of
bacterium every time they land
• For every fly you see, 19 more are
hidden from view
Salmonella E. Coli Cholera
Typhoid Dysentery Tuberculosis
Fly Facts: Flying insects
as Vectors of disease
12. What is foodborne
illness? How does food
become contaminated
• Eating or drinking contaminated food and
drinks can lead to a foodborne illness.
• In instances where two or more people get
sick from the same food or drink source this is
classed as a foodborne illness outbreak.
• The three main ways food becomes
contaminated are:
• Microbiological; Chemical; Physical
Microbiological
Chemical
Physical
13. • Despite the United States having one of the
safest food systems in the world, the Federal
Government and Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there
are about 48 million cases of foodborne
illnesses annually
• This is the equivalent of:
• 1 in 6 Americans becoming sick,
• An estimated 128,000 people being
hospitalised
• 3,000 deaths
Source FDA - What You Need to Know About Foodborne Illness-Causing Organisms in the U.S.
http://www.fda.gov/food/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm103263.htm
Flying insects and
disease in the USA
14. • Each year food-borne
illnesses cost the United
States an estimated $152
billion in health-related
expenses.
• This equates to $1,850 on
average per illness.
Source: Business Week - Food borne illnesses in US cost $152 billion
http://www.businessweek.com/lifestyle/content/healthday/636595.html
Flying insects and
disease in the USA
15. • 11 million people in Canada suffer
foodborne illness each year. This costs
nearly $1.1 billion
• The number of foodborne illnesses from
Salmonella and E- coli are greater in
Canada than America
• More than half of all foodborne illnesses
are picked up in restaurants, cafeterias
and other food service providers.
Sources: Costs of acute bacterial foodborne disease in Canada and the United States. International Journal of Microbiology
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2701860
The Globe and Mail - Higher rate of foodborne illness in Canada than US: report –
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/higher-rate-of-food-borne-illness-in-canada-than-us-
report/article2331264
Flying insects and
disease in Canada
16. • Reducing foodborne illnesses by 10%
would keep 5 million Americans from
getting sick each year,
• Preventing a single case of E-coli
O157:H7 would save an estimated $7
million
CDC and Food Safety - http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/PDFs/CDC-and-Food-Safety.pdf
Fly Facts:
The potential effects of
reducing foodborne illness
17. House Fly Face Fly Fruit Fly Flesh Fly Drain Fly
Musca Domestica Musca autumnalis Drosophilia
Melanogaster
Sarcophagidea rudis Psychoda alternata
Say
6-7mm in length 6mm in length 3mm in length 12mm in length 3mm in length
Medium to dark grey
in color
Medium to dark grey
in color
Tan color, red eyes Medium to dark grey
in color
Brownish grey to
black color
Breed around
garbage and
decaying fruit and
vegetables
Breed in fresh cow
manure
Breed wherever food
is allowed to rot.
Over ripened fruit
and vegetables
Breed around animal
carcasses and human
excrement
Breed around drains
and wet areas such
as sinks and shower
trays
Can trasmit E. coli,
Salmonella, and
Typhoid
Transmits pinkeye
and Thelazia worms
to cattle
Associated with
Salmonella and E.
coli.
In close contact with
E.
coli, salmonella and
Vibrio choleae
In contact with
Bacillus spores,
Salmonella and
Shigella
Common Flies
18. Electromagnetic
spectrum
Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd.,
Box 178, Houston, TX 77030
Filth Fly Peak Eye Sensitivity
House fly (Musca domestica)
340-360nm
Lesser House fly (Fannia canicularis)
340-350nm
Bluebottle fly (Calliphora vomitoria)
344nm
Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
345-375nm
19. What does a fly see?
What we see.What a fly sees
20. The basics of flying
insect attraction:
How UVA is produced
• UVA bulbs are used in Insect light traps to attract
flies.
• These bulbs are designed in a very similar way as
normal fluorescent lights, except that a different
phosphor is used on the inside of the tube, which
emits UV instead of visible light.
T8 15W lamp
Above: Image of a Brandenburg TT insect
light trap taken with a UV camera
21. Insect Light Traps:
Important Considerations
• Response to light varies with the insect and conditions.
• Flies do not see ILTs more than 30 meters away.
• Response increases greatly within 3-4 meters.
• Response can be delayed – flies may ignore a trap for a
while before becoming attracted.
• Flies demonstrate intermittent periods of being
attracted to ILTs.
• Most flies fly in a zone within 2 meters from the floor
(consider this when placing Insect light traps).
Flies may not be responsive to
an ILT until they have been
inside for quite some time.
22. What are the key
factors in an Insect Light
Trap (ILT)?
• Studies* have shown that the degree of
attraction increases with increasing light
intensity, and also with increased size of
the UV-emitting area.
“Brightness and size of the UV-target
were the two most important parameters
influencing catch”*
* Pickens,LG; Thimijan,RW (1986): Design parameters that affect the performance of UV-emitting traps in attracting house flies
(Diptera: Muscidae).
23. From Attraction to
Capture
• Once attracted towards an insect light trap, a
flying insect will be killed or captured.
• The two most common methods for capture
or kill are:
• High voltage grid for killing flying insects
(not suitable for areas of food
preparation/service)
• Control or sticky board – for capturing
flying insects whole
• Further details on which type of insect light
trap is appropriate are available
25. Global Head Office
24 - 29 Navigation Drive
Hurst Business Park
Brierley Hill
West Midlands
DY5 1UT
UK
Tel: +44 1384 472900
Fax: +44 1384 472911
Web: www.b-one.com, www.bedbugsalert.com
www.brandenburgairsterilization.com