The document provides an introduction to the Indian debt market. It discusses debt instruments such as bonds and debentures, and their key features including maturity, coupon rates, and principal amounts. It then describes the major segments of the Indian debt market including government securities, PSU bonds, and corporate securities. Finally, it outlines the various types of debt products, issuers, investors, and trading mechanisms within the market.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIAVARUN KESAVAN
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
Indian debt market mainly comprises trading of bonds.
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay interest to use and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity.
Debt instruments provide fixed and higher returns. We have listed types of Debt Instruments that includes fixed income securities promising the investors that they will receive cash.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIAVARUN KESAVAN
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
Indian debt market mainly comprises trading of bonds.
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay interest to use and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity.
Debt instruments provide fixed and higher returns. We have listed types of Debt Instruments that includes fixed income securities promising the investors that they will receive cash.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
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Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
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how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
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where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Intro To Debt Market
1. Introduction To Debt Market
28 June 2004
MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
2. Objectives
s What are Debt Instruments & their Features
s Indian Debt Market
s Types of Products
s Trading Mechanism
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3. Debt Instruments & Features
s Contract between lender and the borroower
² Bonds
² Debentures
s Features
² Maturity
² Coupon
² Principal
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4. Modifying
s Coupon
² Zero Coupon Bond
² Treasury Strips
² Floating Rate Bond
² Others
s Term to Maturity
² Callable Bonds
² Puttable Bonds
² Convertible Bonds
s Principal Repayment
² Amortising Bonds
² Bonds with sinking fund Provisions
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5. Indian Debt Market
s Market Segments
² Government Securities
² PSU Bonds
² Corporate Securities
s Participants
² Government, RBI, PDs, PSUs, FI s, Corporates, Banks,
Mutual funds, FII s, Provident Funds, Trusts.
s Secondary Market
² NSE- WDM only formal trading platform (NEAT)
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6. Indian Debt Market
s Participants & Products in Debt Market
Issuer Instrument Maturity Investors
Central Dated Securities 2-20 Years RBI,Banks,Insurance Co., PFs,
Government MFs, PDs,
Central T-Bills 91/364 days RBI,Banks,Insurance Co., PFs,
Government MFs, PDs,Individuals
State Dated Securities 5-10 Years Banks,Insurance Co.,PFs.
Government
PSUs Bonds 5-10 Years Banks,Insurance Co., PFs, MFs,
PDs,Individuals, Corporates
Corporates Debentures 1-12 Years Banks, Mutual Funds,
Corporates,Individuals
Corporates, Commercial 3 months to Banks, Mutual Funds, FI s,
PDs paper 1 Year Corporates,Individuals
Banks Certificates of 3 months to Banks, Corporates
Deposit 1 Year
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7. Central Government Securities: Bonds
s Long Term Borrowing
s Developments
² Auction Based Pricing
² Information Dissemination
² DVP
² NDS/CCIL/RTGS
s Trends in Volumes,Tenor,Yields
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
8. Central Government Securities: Bonds
s Primary Issuance Process – Auction based
² Enable Higher Auction Volumes
² Broadening participation
² Ensuring efficiency
s Types of Auctions
² Discriminatory / Uniform Price Auction
² Yield / Price Based Auction
s Particiapnts
² Banks, PFs, Insurance Co., PDs, MFs.
s Costituent SGL Account
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9. Central Government Securities: Bonds
s Primary Dealers
² Introduced in 1995 and at present 19
² Act as underwriters and market makers
² To Strengthen Infrastructure
² To divest resposibilities of RBI
² To facilitate Open Market Operations
² Eligibility
s Satellite Dealers
² Second Tier in Trading and Distribution
² Provide a retail outlet
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
10. Central Government Securities: Bonds
s Secondary Market
² Deemed to be listed
² Telephonic Market
² NSE – WDM
² SGL holders to report to PDO
s Settlement
² Delivery Vs Payment
² Negotiated Dealing System
² PDO debits/credits SGL and Current Account
² Brokers
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11. T - Bills
s Short Term borrowing
s Issued at discount
s 91 / 364 Days T – Bills
s Aboiltion of Ad Hoc T-Bills
s Issuance Process through Auction
² Banks and PDs
² Non Competitive Bids
² Calendar
² 91 days Weekly 250 Cr. Wednesday Thursday
² 364 days Fortnightly 750 Cr. Wednesday Thursday
s Usually held till maturity
s 5.5% of total secondary market
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
12. T-Bills
s Cut off Yields
² Yield given Price=
((100-Price)*365/(Price*No.of days to maturity)
² Price given Yield=
100/1+(yield%*(No.of days to maturity/365))
² For Example:
A 182 day T-Bill auctioned on January 18 at a price of 95.510
would have an implicit yield of 9.4280% computed as
follows:
((100-95.510)*365)/(95.510*182)
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
13. State Government Bonds
s Represent market borrowimg to finance GFD
s Currenrly at 13% of GFD
s Averages about 12000 Cr.
s 84000 Cr. Outstanding
s Managed by RBI, States upto 35%
s Coupon fixed at 25 bps above Central Government
securities
s PDs allowed to particiapte
s SBI owns the largest chunk
s Low risk weight of 20%
s State Government Guaranteed Bonds
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
14. Call Money Markets
s Short Term funds ranging from overnight funds to 14
days
s Banks and PDs allowed to borrow/lend
s UTI, FI s, MF s, Corporates allowed to lend
s Is around 32% of reserve requirements
s Call Rates
² Deposit mobilization of Banks, capital flows,CRR on supply
side
² Tax outflows,Government borrowing,Credit Off Take
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15. Corporate Debt: Bonds
s Bonds issued by PSU, FI, and Corporates
s PSU bonds can be taxable or taxfree
s Issue Process
² Authority for the issue
² Appointment of Debenture Trustees
² Offer Document
² Creation of DRR Account
² Creation of charge
² Credit rating
² Listing Criteria on NSE WDM
² Form of Holding
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
16. Corporate Debt: Bonds
s Issue management & Book building
² Managed by cosortium of lead managers,co-
managers,underwriters and brokers.
² Virtual book building portal called debtonnet.com
² Investors indicate the amount at different coupon
rates or the amount at cut-off coupon rate
² Arrival of Cut-off coupon rate
² Oversubscribed
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential
17. Corporate Debt: Bonds
s Terms of debenture Issue
² Face Value
² Price
² Credit rating
² Deemed date of allotment
² Applicable interest rate
² Interest on application money
² Interest payment
² Redemption
² Put/call option
² Lettr of Allotment and Debenture Certificate
² Security
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MindTree Consulting – Proprietary & Confidential