This document discusses various types of debt instruments. It defines a debt instrument as a paper or electronic obligation that enables the issuing party to raise funds by promising to repay a lender according to contractual terms. Debt instruments can be either short-term obligations maturing within one year, or long-term obligations maturing in over one year. Some common types of debt instruments discussed include bonds, certificates of deposit, commercial papers, debentures, government securities (G-secs), and national savings certificates. Each type has its own defining characteristics around interest rates, collateral, issuers, and terms.
A bond is a (written and signed promise) debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate (Coupon Rate).
Secondary Market, Primary Vs Secondary, Stock Exchanges, Listing of Securities, Trading Systems in Stock exchanges, Qualifications of Listing,Delisting, Orders, types of Orders,
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
http://www.koffeefinancial.com/Static/Learn.aspx
A bond is a (written and signed promise) debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate (Coupon Rate).
Secondary Market, Primary Vs Secondary, Stock Exchanges, Listing of Securities, Trading Systems in Stock exchanges, Qualifications of Listing,Delisting, Orders, types of Orders,
Descriptions and explanation of all types of derivative instruments to trade with on the capital market.
http://www.koffeefinancial.com/Static/Learn.aspx
Presentation on Fixed Income Instruments. Content includes definition, types and Advantages.
Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule. The benefit from investment is called a return.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEBT INSTRUMENTS IN INDIAVARUN KESAVAN
Debt Instruments are obligation of issuer of such instrument as regards certain future cash flow representing Interest & Principal, which the issuer would pay to the legal owner of the Instrument. Types of Debt Instruments are of different types like Bonds, Debentures, Commercial Papers, Certificates of Deposit, Government Securities (G - Secs) etc. The Government Securities (G-Secs) market is the oldest and the largest element of the Indian debt market in terms of market capitalization, trading volumes and outstanding securities. The G-Secs market plays a very important role in the Indian economy as it provides the benchmark for determining the level of interest rates in the country through the yields on the government securities which are treated as the risk-free rate of return in any economy.
The reserve Bank of India has allowed Primary Dealers, Banks and Financial Institutions in India to do transactions in debt instruments among themselves or with non-bank clients. Debt instruments provide fixed return known as coupon rate. Retail investors would have a natural preference for fixed income returns and especially so in the present situation of increasing volatility in the financial markets. Now, retail investors are also showing keen interest in Debt Instruments particularly in the Central Government Securities (G-secs).For an individual investor G-secs are one of the best investment options as there is zero default risk and lower volatility.
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Money market is component of financial system where money or its equivalent assets can be traded. Money here represents liquidity.
It is place where public, large corporates and government manage their short term cash needs.
Short term borrowing and lending is done by financial institutions and dealers with liquid instruments having short term maturities (fortnight to one year).
Thus, money market is a market where short term obligations such as treasury bills, commercial papers and bankers acceptances are bought and sold.
FEATURES OF MONEY MARKET
It is a market purely for short-term funds having a maturity period less than one year only.
Transactions have to be conducted without the help of brokers.
It comprises of several sub-market like call money market, acceptance bill market, treasury bill market etc.
The players in the money market include commercial banks, government, corporates and NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Companies).
Transactions take place through phone i.e., oral communication. Relevant documents and written communications can be exchanged subsequently. There is no formal place like stock exchange as in the case of a capital market.
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2. Debt Instrument
• Debt instrument is a part of Financial market
• A debt instrument is a paper or electronic obligation that enables the issuing
party to raise funds by promising to repay a lender in accordance with terms of a
contract
• Debt instruments can be either long-term obligations or short-term obligations
• Short term debt instrument is an obligation that is expected to be repaid within
one calendar year
• Long term debt instruments are obligations due on one year or more, normally
repaid through periodic installment payments
3. Different types of Debt instruments
• Bonds
• Certificates of Deposits
• Commercial Papers
• Debentures
• G-Secs (Government Securities)
• National Saving Certificate
4. Bonds
The bond is a debt security, under which
the issuer owes the holders a debt and
(depending on the terms of the bond) is
obliged to pay them interest (the coupon)
or to repay the principal at a later date,
termed the maturity date. Interest is usually
payable at fixed intervals (semiannual,
annual, sometimes monthly). Thus a bond
is a form of loan : the holder of the bond is
the lender (creditor), the issuer of the bond
is the borrower (debtor), and the coupon is
the interest. bondholders have a creditor
stake in the company (that is, they are
lenders). Being a creditor, bondholders have
priority over stockholders. Bonds usually
have a defined term, or maturity, after
which the bond is redeemed.
5. Certificate of Deposit
• A certificate of deposit (CD) is a savings
certificate with a fixed maturity date
specified fixed interest rate and can be
issued in any denomination aside from
minimum investment requirements. A CD
restricts access to the funds until the
maturity date of the investment. CDs are
generally issued by commercial banks. A
certificate of deposit is a promissory note
issued by a bank. It is a time deposit that
restricts holders from withdrawing funds on
demand. A CD is typically issued
electronically and may automatically renew
upon the maturity of the original CD. When
the CD matures, the entire amount of
principal, as well as interest earned, is
available for withdrawal. There are two
types of CD – Small and Large CDs
6. Commercial Paper
• A commercial paper in India is the
monetary instrument issued in the
form of promissory note. It acts as the
debt instrument to be used by large
corporate companies for borrowing
short-term monetary funds in the
money market. The commercial paper
has become effective instrument for
these corporate companies to avail
the short-term funds from the money
market within shortest possible time
limit by avoiding the hassles of direct
negotiation with the commercial
banks for availing the short-term
loans.
7. Debentures
• A Debenture is a type of debt instrument
that is not secured by physical assets or
collateral. Debentures are backed only by
the general creditworthiness and
reputation of the issuer. Both
corporations and governments frequently
issue this type of bond to secure capital.
• Types of Debentures
• 1 Redeemable and irredeemable
debentures
• 2 Convertible and Non-Convertible
Debentures.
• 3 Fully and Partly Convertible Debentures.
• 4 Secured (Mortgage) and Unsecured
(Naked) Debentures.
• 5 First Mortgaged and Second Mortgaged
Debentures.
• 6 Registered Unregistered Debentures
(Bearer) Debenture.
8. G-Secs (Government Securities)
• A government security is a bond issued by
a government authority with a promise of
repayment upon maturity. Government
securities such as savings bonds, treasury
bills and notes also promise periodic
coupon or interest payments.
• There are many types of government
securities issued by RBI:
• Dated securities with a fixed maturity date
• Zero coupon bonds
• Partly paid stock
• Floating rate bonds
• Capital indexed bonds
9. National Saving Certificate
• National Savings Certificates, popularly
known as NSC, is an Indian Government
Savings Bond, primarily used for small
savings and income tax saving
investments in India. It is part of the
postal savings system of Indian Postal
Service (India Post).
• These can be purchased from any Post
Office in India by an adult (either in
his/her own name or on behalf of a
minor), a minor, a trust, and two adults
jointly. These are issued for five and ten
year maturity and can be pledged to
banks as collateral for availing loans. The
holder gets the tax benefit under Section
80C of Income Tax Act, 1961
