The document provides an overview of Judaism, including its origin and history, key movements, doctrines, principles of faith, divine scriptures, practices, holidays and festivals. It discusses how Judaism originated over 4000 years ago with the Hebrew people in the Middle East. The major movements within Judaism are outlined as Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and others. Core beliefs and doctrines such as monotheism, Torah, mitzvot and principles of faith like Maimonides' 13 are summarized. Similarities and differences between Islam and Judaism are also highlighted.

1. THE ISLAMIC WORLD VIEW,
KNOWLEDGE AND CIVILIZATION
( UNGS2090K)
Judaism
9
G R O U P

2. Presenters
NURJEHA BINTI IKHWAN WONG
ABDULLAH (1819998 )
NURKHALIDA BINTI MOHD KHAIRI
(1813044)
QIESTIENA ALIYA FAIEZI BINTI FAIZUL
(1812516)
SYAZANA AQILAH BINTI IBRAHIM
(1815928)

3. OUTLINE
1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY
2. MOVEMENTS
3. DOCTRINES
4. PRINCIPLES OF FAITH
5. DIVINE SCRIPTURES
6. JEWISH PRACTICES
7. HOLIDAYS & FESTIVAL
8. SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN ISLAM AND JUDAISM
9. CONCLUSION AND ISLAMIZATION

4. ORIGIN & HISTORY
The Hebrews lived in
Egypt were enslaved and
Moses as chosen by God
lead the Hebrew people
out of Egypt toward the
Promised Land
Descendants of Abraham
known as the Israelites as
Abraham’s son, Isaac had
a son, Jacob or as called,
Israel.
God made covenant
with a Hebrew man
known as Abraham
and his lineage.
Origin of Judaism
were explained in
Torah dating back to
4000 years with the
Hebrew people in
Middle East.

5. ORIGIN & HISTORY
Palestine was
divided and
Jewish state of
Israel was
formed.
Many of the
Jews believed
that in order to
survive, they
need to live in
their own
country
Worst
persecution by
the Nazis who
murdered a
third of world’s
Jewish
population.
(Holocaust)
Most of Jews
were scattered
& moved from
place to place
to avoid
persecution.
Dispersion of
Jews is called
Diaspora
Israilites were
enslaved again
by the
Babylonians &
were taken
over by
Romans.
Israelites
finally get to
Canaan
(Promised
Land) which
was conquered
by Assyrians,
Babylonians
and Romans

6. WORLD’S JEWISH POPULATION IN 2017

7. JUDAISM
HAYMANOT
JUDAISM
REFORM
JUDAISM
ORTHODOX
RABBINIC
JUDAISM
HAREDI
ORTHODOX
MODERN
ORTHODOX
CONSERVATIVE
JUDAISM
SEPHARDI AND
MIZRAHI
JUDAISM
RABBINIC
JUDAISM
KARAITES AND
SAMARITANS
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MOVEMENTS

8. 3. REFORM
JUDAISM
RABBINIC
JUDAISM
1. ORTHODOX
JUDAISM
2. CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM Believe that both the
written and oral Torah
was divinely revealed to
Moses.
 Believe that the laws
within the Torah are
unchanging and binding.
 Places a high importance
on Maimonides' 13
principles as a definition of
Jewish faith.
 More committed to the traditional
Jewish laws and customs.
 Teaches that the Jewish laws are
dynamic and flexible (changes from
time to time)
 The scripture Torah was written by
the prophets that were inspired by
God.
 Rejects the belief that the scripture
was dictated by God to Moses.
 The followers belief that the
interpretation of the Torah can be
done by Rabbi to reflect modern
sensibilities and suit modern
conditions.
 Much more liberal
compared to the other
movements.
 Rejects most of the ritual
and ceremonial laws
introduced in the Torah
 Observe moral laws and
emphasizes on the ethical
calls of the Prophets.
 Developed an egalitarian
prayer service in the
vernacular (along with
Hebrew in many cases)
and emphasizes personal
connection to Jewish
tradition.

9. DOCTRINES
OF JUDAISM
1. One God
2. Jews 4. The Land of Israel
5. The Messiah
saving the world
6. Zionism
3. Torah and Mitzvoh

10. DOCTRINES OF JUDAISM
1. ONE GOD
● There’s only one god and that He
wants us to do only what is just
and compassionate
● Only God created the universe
and only He controls it. Judaism
also teaches that God is spiritual
and not physical.
● God is interested in what people
do and He watches what they
do.
● God exists forever.
2. JEWS
• Jews believe that God made an agreement
called a “covenant” with Abraham, the
ancestor of the Jewish people.
• God later gave the Torah to the Israelites
through their leader, Moses.
• The Jews are sometimes called the “Chosen
People”.
• Jews understand this means that they have
special duties and responsibilities
commanded by God.
- Jews believe that God has given them a
special job to repair the world.
- Jews do not try to convince other people
to believe in Judaism.

11. DOCTRINES OF JUDAISM
4. THE LAND OF ISRAEL
• The Land of Israel is holy in Judaism.
• Jews believe that this land is where God
told the Jewish people to build a society
to serve Him and execute mitzvot.
• The Jewish people believe their history as
a nation begins with Abraham.
• The land is also called “the Promised
Land” because in the Torah, God
promises to give the land to the children
of Abraham.
• The rabbis of the Talmud understood
from the Torah (Num 33:53) that it is a
“mitzvah” for Jews to live in the land of
Israel.Israel.
3. TORAH AND MITZVOT
• Jews believe that God tells them in the
Torah the way of life that they must
follow.
• Actions are more important than beliefs
and beliefs must be made into actions.
• Jews believe that the Torah gives mitzvot
for all people
• Some of the mitzvot are about how
people must act to other people.
• - Some mitzvot are about how people
must act towards God.
- Jews see mitzvot as acts that sanctify to
the world and bring people and the world
closer to God.
• In Judaism, life is most holy and important.

12. DOCTRINES OF JUDAISM
6. ZIONISM
Difference among the Jews
Wait for the Messiah to
come and restore the Jews
the land of their birth
Force the end by
actions - Zionism
• National ideology of the Jewish people that
supports the re-establishment of a Jewish
homeland in the territory defined as the historic
Land of Israel.
• Zionists believe that Judaism is a nationality &
religion, and that Jews deserve their own state in
their ancestral homeland, Israel and by that,
their religion could fully gain their status.
5.THE MESSIAH SAVING THE WORLD
• The story of going out of Egypt, called
the Exodus, is very important in the
way the Jewish people understand
the world.
• In the future, the whole world will
change, and all the people of the
world will serve the one God.
• The prophets taught that God would
send a person, further known as
Messiah to the world who would help
all the people of the world see that
God is the maker and king of the
world.

13. MAIMONIDES’ 13 PRINCIPLES OF FAITH
1. God is the Maker and the King of the world.
2. There is only one God, and He is the only one who is and will ever be God.
3. God has no body or physical form and nothing else is like Him.
4. God is eternal – He has always existed and will live forever.
5. Only God can answer people’s prayers and people must only pray to Him.
6. The words of the Prophets are true.
7. Moses was the greatest of the Prophets.
8. God gave the whole Torah to Moses.
9. God will not change the Torah and will not give another Torah.
10. God knows the actions and thoughts of people.
11. God rewards and punishes people for the things they do.
12. The Messiah will come.
13. God will make dead people live again when He chooses to.

14. THE DIVINE SCRIPTURES
TORAH
• The Torah is the most important of all Jewish writings.
• The Torah contains the basic laws of Judaism and describes the history of the Jews
until the death of Moses.
• Religious Jews believe that Moses brought the Ten Commandments and the Torah
down from Mount Sinai.
• Jews divide the Hebrew Bible into three parts and call it the Tanakh. Those divisions
are Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim.

15. THE DIVINE SCRIPTURES
TALMUD
• Rabbinic Jews also believe that there is another part of the Torah
besides the 5 books of Moses, called the Mishnah.
• The commentary of the Mishnah, known as Gemara and Mishnah
make up the scripture Talmud.

16. JEWISH
PRACTICES
PRAYER
DIETARY LAW
FASTING
CIRCUMSITION

17. HOLIDAYS AND
FESTIVALS
Sabbath day
Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
HANUKKAH

18. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ISLAM & JUDAISM
Believe in one God
(monotheism)
Reject Christian
beliefs about Jesus
Christ
Believe in Prophets
and Divine Revelation
Being regarded as
“Abrahamic” religion
Believe in Angels

19. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISLAM & JUDAISM
ISLAM JUDAISM
Founding Prophet Prophet Muhammad Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Isaac
Followers Muslims Jews
Scriptures Quran and Sunnah Tanakh and Talmud
Belief Believe in one God who has sent
messengers with revelation and
guidance for humanity
Believe that the Jews have been
chosen to follow the
commandments of the God
Holy Days Ramadan (month of fasting), Eid-
ul-Adha, Eid-ul-Fitr
Shabbat day, Rosh Hashanah, Yom
Kippur, Sukkot, Chanukah,
Simchat Torah

20. Conclusion and islamization
We had already taken the covenant of the Children of Israel and had sent to them
messengers. Whenever there came to them a messenger with what their souls did not
desire, a party [of messengers] they denied, and another party they killed. (Al-maidah:70)
• Allah has bestowed the Jewish as the best nation among all before the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
• Allah has given them a lot of blessings and one of them which are most of the prophets and
messenger come from their nation.
• However, they are the nation that Allah SWT