Intrinsic Semiconductors (1).pptx
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- Intrinsic semiconductors do not contain any impurities. - They behave as insulators at 0K and conductors at higher temperatures. - Common intrinsic semiconductors like germanium and silicon have a diamond cubic crystalline structure and are elements in the 4th group. - Their atomic structure involves valence orbits and covalent bonds between silicon atoms. - They have a valence band, conduction band, and a Fermi energy level separating the two bands. Electrons can gain enough energy to move from the valence to conduction band.
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Acoustics 4.ppt
Ultrasonic waves can be used to determine material properties and detect flaws. The acoustic diffraction method uses ultrasonic waves passed through a liquid to produce a diffraction grating, from which the liquid velocity can be calculated. Ultrasonic testing involves passing ultrasonic waves through a material and measuring reflection times to detect internal flaws. Common applications include ultrasonic drilling, welding, soldering, cutting and cleaning. SONAR uses ultrasonic pulses reflected from underwater objects to measure distance and velocity. Medical uses include diagnostic sonography and therapeutic ultrasound applications like lithotripsy. Ultrasonic research applications include breaking polymers and determining molecular weights.
Experimental Design.pptx
The document discusses key principles of experimental design, including replication, randomization, and local control. It then summarizes different types of experimental designs such as completely randomized design, randomized block design, Latin square design, and factorial designs. Key points about each design are highlighted, along with examples to illustrate how they are applied.
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This document discusses PN junction diodes and their characteristics. It covers:
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2) The graphical I-V characteristic curve of a diode, showing the forward and reverse bias regions.
3) Mathematical equations for approximating the diode I-V relationship.
4) Examples of using series-connected diodes with voltage sharing resistors to withstand higher voltages.
6. Fermi-Dirac Statistics 1 (1).ppt
1. The document discusses the Fermi-Dirac distribution, which describes the probability that quantum mechanical states are occupied by electrons at a given energy level based on the Fermi energy and temperature.
2. At zero temperature, the Fermi-Dirac distribution becomes a step function, with all states below the Fermi energy fully occupied and all states above empty. At higher temperatures, states above and below the Fermi energy become partially occupied.
3. Key applications of the Fermi-Dirac distribution include understanding the heat capacity of metals, which remains small even as temperature increases because only electrons near the Fermi level can gain energy.
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Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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- 1. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 2. • Does not have any kind of impurities. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 3. • Does not have any kind of impurities. • Behaves as an Insulator at 0k. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 4. • Does not have any kind of impurities. • Behaves as an Insulator at 0k. • Behaves as a Conductor at higher temperature. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 5. • Does not have any kind of impurities. • Behaves as an Insulator at 0k. • Behaves as a Conductor at higher temperature. • Eg - Germanium and Silicon (4th group elements) - possess diamond cubic crystalline structure. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 6. • Does not have any kind of impurities. • Behaves as an Insulator at 0k. • Behaves as a Conductor at higher temperature. • Eg - Germanium and Silicon (4th group elements) - possess diamond cubic crystalline structure. Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 9. Si Si Si Si Si Valence Orbit Covalent bonds Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 10. E Ev Valence band Ec Conduction band Ec Electron energy Distance Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 11. E Ef Ev Valence band Ec Conduction band Ec Electron energy Distance Fermi energy level Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 12. E Ef Ev Valence band Ec Conduction band Ec Electron energy Distance Fermi energy level Energy Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel
- 13. E Ef Ev Valence band Ec Conduction band Ec Electron energy Distance KE of Electron = E - Ec KE of Hole = Ev - E Fermi energy level Intrinsic Semiconductors Engineer to Excel