Metal,Semiconductor,Superconductor

2. Name:-Gitanjali Chandrakant Surywanshi
Subject:-Inorganic Chemistry-1
Subject Code:-BSc 523
Standard:-T.Y.B.Sc.B.Ed
Subject Incharge:-Mr.Sudarshan Tapsale

3. Metals ,Semicoductors
& Superconductors

4. Metal

7. Properties of Metal

8. Types of Metal
Ferrous :- metals that contain iron and
steel.
Example:-Iron,pig iron ,cast
iron ,wrought,iron ,steel
Non Ferrous:-
Example:Copper,Alloys,aluminium,zinc,tin,le
ad,cobalt
metals that do not have iron or
iron components.

9. Uses of Metal
• (i) Lead metal is used in making car batteries.
• (ii) Zinc is used for galvanizing iron to protect it from
rusting.
• (iii) Iron, copper and aluminium are used to make
utensils.
• (iv) Copper and aluminium metals are used to make
electrical wires.

10. Semiconductor

14. Intrinsic Semiconductor
•Intrinsic Semiconductor are pure in
form ,no form of impurity is added
•Example-Si,Ge

16. • silicon consists of 4 electrons in the valence shell.
Here, 4 covalent bonds are formed between the
electrons of the silicon atom.When the temperature
of the crystal is increased then the electrons in the
covalent bond gain kinetic energy and after
breaking the covalent bond it gets free. Thus, the
movement of free electrons generates current.The
rise in temperature somewhat increases the number
for free electrons for conduction.

17. Extrinsic Semiconductor
• Extrinsic Semiconductor are impure contains
the doping of trivalent or pentavalent
imourities.
• Example:- GaAs,GaP

19. the above figure clearly shows that a pentavalent
impurity is doped to a pure silicon crystal. In this
case, 4 electrons of phosphorus are covalently
bonded with the adjacent silicon atom. But, still, a
free electron is left in this case.
Thus, the movement of these free electrons
generates high conduction. Also, when the
temperature is increased then it causes the covalent
bond to get a breakdown. Hence generating more
free electrons.

20. Uses of Semiconductors
• CPUs that operate personal computers are also
made with semiconductors. Many digital
consumer products in everyday life such as
mobile phones / smartphones, digital cameras,
televisions, washing machines, refrigerators
and LED bulbs also use semiconductors.

21. Super Conductor

23. • Superconductors are materials that offer no
resistance to electrical current. Prominent
examples of superconductors include
aluminium, niobium, magnesium diboride,
cuprates such as yttrium barium copper oxide
and iron pnictides.