Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. Rising intonation is used for yes/no questions and clarifying ideas, while falling intonation is used for statements and WH-questions. Stress refers to emphasis placed on a particular syllable or word, usually increasing volume, pitch, or length. Word stress follows patterns based on the type of word such as compound words, verb-adverb combinations, and adjective-noun pairs. Tag questions turn statements into questions by adding a short question after, used to check understood information. Decoding word meaning involves identifying the root word and any prefixes or suffixes.

1. INTONATION and STRESS

2. What is INTONATION?
•Intonation describes how the voice
rises and falls in speech

3. RISING INTONATION
• Is used in asking “yes and no questions”
and inexpressing ideas that needto be
clarifiedorverified.
Examples:
1. Do youloveyour classmate?
2. What is yourname again?

4. FALLINGINTONATION
• Is used in statements andfor W-H
questions.
Examples:
1. I lovemy bag.
2. Wheredo you live?

5. How to answer “yes or no”questions?
Sayingshort answers:
Yes+ positive rejoinder
No+negative rejoinder
Example:
• Question:Can yousing well?
• Answer: Yes, I can/ No,I can’t.

6. Syllables
Count the syllables
1. Property
2. Overflow
3. Perimeter
4. Desk
5. Notebook
6. University
7. Philosophy
8. Satisfaction
9. Presentation
10.Picture

7. What is STRESS?
• Is the force of utterance given to a syllable
or a wordin a sentence. Increasing the
volume ofyour voice,raising the pitch
and saying the syllable or wordslowly can
manifest this force.

8. Where is the stress?
1. Politics
2. Lottery
3. Merciless
4. Naturalism
5. Mathematics
6. Necessity
7. Metropolis
8. Medicine
1. Po-li-tics
2. Lot-te-ry
3. Mer-ci-less
4. Na-tu-ra-li-sm
5. Math-e-ma-tics
6. Ne-ces-sity
7. Me-tro-po-lis
8. Me-di-cine

9. Stress Rules-Word Stress
• Compound personal pronouns
are stressed onselfand selves
Examples:
1. Oneself3. Himself
2. Herself 4. Ourselves

10. Stress Rules-Word Stress
• In two word-verbs (verb-adverb
combination), the primary stress falls on
the adverb when it comes at the end of a
sentence or thought group.
Examples:
1. call UP 3. sitDOWN
2. get OFF 4. come IN

11. Stress Rules-Word Stress
• Nounphrases composedof
adjective-noun combinations, the
noungets the primary stress.
Examples:
1. early BIRD 3. gray HAIR
2. ironGIRLS 4. small BOOK

12. Stress Rules-Word Stress
• In a noun phraseor a compoundnoun
composed of two nouns, the primary
stress fallson the firstpart.
Examples:
1. HAIR-brush 3. WOOD-work
2. DRUG-store 4. BILL-board

13. Tag Questions
• Tag questions (or question tags) turn a statement
into a question.
• Theyare often used for checkinginformation that
we think we knowis true.
Examples:
1. She's Italian, isn't she?
2. We aren't late, are we?

14. DECODING MEANING OF WORDS

15. What is the ROOT WORD of…
1. Kindness
2. Punishment
3. Government
4. Loyalty
5. Happiness
6. Imperfect
7. Irrational
8. Happiness
9. Bicycle
10.Lovely

16. PREFIX

17. SUFFIX