Interventional radiology is a subspecialty focused on minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment using imaging techniques. It has evolved since angiography's inception in the 1930s, with key figures like Charles Dotter pioneering significant procedures. The interventional radiology suite requires specialized personnel and equipment to perform complex techniques safely and effectively.

1. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
Alerna Irene Cal, RRT, MAED

2. I. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
Interventional radiology is a
subspecialty which provides minimally
invasive diagnosis and/or treatment
using imaging (ultrasound, CT, or
fluoroscopy) to target the intervention.

3. II. HISTORY
1930
Interventional Radiology procedures
began with angiography

4. Angiography
refers to the opacification of
vessels through injection of
CM.

5. Early 1960s
Mason Jones pioneered Transbrachial
Coronary Angiography (entering select
coronary arteries through an artery of the arm)

6. During 1960s
• Melvin Judkins (Coronary
angiography)
• Charles Dotter (Visceral
angiography)

7. It was 50 years ago on Jan. 16, 1964 that
Charles Dotter, the “Father of
Interventional Radiology”, performed
the first angioplasty

8. III. BASIC PRINCIPLES
1953 Sven Ivar Seldinger: described a
method of arterial access in which a
catheter was used. (femoral artery)
Seldinger needle is an 18-gauge hollow
needle with a stylet.

9. Guide wires
• Guide wires allow the safe
introduction of the catheter into the
vessel
• 145 cm long
• Coated with a hydrophilic material
• Catheters overlaying the guide wires
(100 cm long or less)
• J-tip guide wires  atherosclerotic
vessels

10. Catheter
• Designed in many different shapes and
sizes
• Catheter diameter is categorized in
French (Fr) sizes.
• (3 Fr = 1mm diameter)

11. Catheter
Types:
1. H1 or Headhunter tip
2. Simmons Catheter
3. C2 or Cobra Catheter
4. Pigtail Catheter

12. 1. H1 or Headhunter tip
• Vincent Hinck
• Femoral approach to the
brachiocephalic vessels

13. 2. Simmons Catheter
• Cerebral angiography
• Visceral angiography

14. 3. C2 or Cobra Catheter
• Celiac, renal and
mesenteric arteries

15. 4. Pigtail Catheter
• Have side holes for ejecting
CM into a compact bolus
• Reduce whiplash effect

16. IV. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY SUITE
A. Personnel
• Two to three radiographers
• Interventional radiologist
• Radiology nurse
• Anesthesiologist

17. B. Equipment
a. X-ray tube
• SFS = not greater than 0.3mm
• SID = 100 cm
• OID = 40 cm
• Disc size = 15 cm diameter; 5
cm thick
• Power rating = 80kW
• Anode Heat Capacity = 1MHU

18. b. High Voltage Generator
• High frequency
• Three-phase, 12 pulse power
capable of at least 100 kW
• Low ripple

19. c. Patient coach
• Stationary patient couch with
floating or movable tabletop

20. d. Image Receptor
• Charge Coupled Device (CCD)
• CCDs are photosensitive silicon
chips that are rapidly replacing
the television camera tube in the
fluoroscopic chain.

21. IV. BINARY SYSTEM
• The binary system is a numeric
system using the base 2. this is
called binary digits (bits).
• The only acceptable values are
“0” and “1”

22. IV. BINARY SYSTEM
A. Binary to decimal
 00110010  50
B. Decimal to binary
 188  10111100