This document summarizes research using network analysis to evaluate business development services (BDS) programs for smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania and Uganda. The research collected data on linkages between producers, traders, and BDS providers. Preliminary network analysis using software identified different configurations between regions. Future analysis will assess the impact of BDS programs and relationships between network structure and agents' performance and value chain outcomes using additional statistics and econometrics. The research aims to advance understanding of development interventions and interactions within value chains.
A network approach to analysis of the performance of milk traders, producers ...ILRI
The document summarizes preliminary results from a study analyzing the performance of milk traders, producers, and business development service (BDS) providers in Tanzania and Uganda using a network approach. The study (1) evaluated a BDS program for dairy development, (2) advanced understanding of trader-producer-service linkages and development orientation, and (3) tested new empirical network analysis methods. Preliminary results show variation in network structures between locations and actor types. Future analysis will test hypotheses about how network characteristics and structures influence value chain behavior and development outcomes.
1) The document presents findings from a study on the potential sales of Karnataka Agrochemicals (KAC) products in the Ahmedabad area. 501 farmers and 2 dealers were surveyed using questionnaires.
2) Key findings include that field crops like rice and wheat are most common, and competitors like Miczink and Biovita are the top selling products. Most farmers purchase chemicals with cash or credit and rely on retailer recommendations.
3) Suggestions are made to increase promotional activities, provide better dealer incentives and credit terms, and balance product prices competitively. Addressing these areas could help KAC increase sales in the region.
Britannia is India's largest biscuit manufacturer founded in 1892. It has annual net sales of 31,122 million Rs and manufacturing units across India. Some of its popular brands include Good Day, Marie Gold, Tiger, and Nutri Choice biscuits. It uses a contract manufacturing model with 40 units across India. The document discusses Britannia's key brands and competitors in different categories. It also outlines its supply chain network involving procurement of raw materials from local and international suppliers, manufacturing at central units, and distribution to retailers and customers through distributors.
This document discusses strategies for identifying beneficiaries and linking rural producers to urban markets through farmer producer companies (FPCs). It outlines how FPCs can help rural producers overcome limitations like insufficient resources, low skills and technology, and small quantities. FPCs can help producers access larger urban markets by providing uniform high quality products at scale and competitive prices. The document discusses how FPCs are structured with boards, management teams, and shareholders. It provides examples of how FPCs have helped increase farmers' incomes and economic impacts. The key is providing end-to-end support through groups, infrastructure development, market and financial linkages, knowledge and skills training.
Presentation by Sirak Bahta at an inception workshop for the Competitive Smallholder Livestock in Botswana project held at Gaborone, Botswana on 31 October 2012.
Basic concepts of value chain analysis for sheep and goat value chains develo...ILRI
Presented by Getachew Legese (ICARDA consultant) at the ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Rapid Assessment of Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 5-8 November 2012
Largest : annual production over 132 Million Tonnes.
Co-ops. : 17 state federations, 180 district milk unions, 13.41 million dairy farmers.
Now : Producers Companies & Private dairies are growing …. creating parallel dairy infrastructure.
NDP : To double the growth rate to become milk sufficient country by the year 2022 with target over 200 million tonnes milk production.…. and the technology partner from 33 years
A network approach to analysis of the performance of milk traders, producers ...ILRI
The document summarizes preliminary results from a study analyzing the performance of milk traders, producers, and business development service (BDS) providers in Tanzania and Uganda using a network approach. The study (1) evaluated a BDS program for dairy development, (2) advanced understanding of trader-producer-service linkages and development orientation, and (3) tested new empirical network analysis methods. Preliminary results show variation in network structures between locations and actor types. Future analysis will test hypotheses about how network characteristics and structures influence value chain behavior and development outcomes.
1) The document presents findings from a study on the potential sales of Karnataka Agrochemicals (KAC) products in the Ahmedabad area. 501 farmers and 2 dealers were surveyed using questionnaires.
2) Key findings include that field crops like rice and wheat are most common, and competitors like Miczink and Biovita are the top selling products. Most farmers purchase chemicals with cash or credit and rely on retailer recommendations.
3) Suggestions are made to increase promotional activities, provide better dealer incentives and credit terms, and balance product prices competitively. Addressing these areas could help KAC increase sales in the region.
Britannia is India's largest biscuit manufacturer founded in 1892. It has annual net sales of 31,122 million Rs and manufacturing units across India. Some of its popular brands include Good Day, Marie Gold, Tiger, and Nutri Choice biscuits. It uses a contract manufacturing model with 40 units across India. The document discusses Britannia's key brands and competitors in different categories. It also outlines its supply chain network involving procurement of raw materials from local and international suppliers, manufacturing at central units, and distribution to retailers and customers through distributors.
This document discusses strategies for identifying beneficiaries and linking rural producers to urban markets through farmer producer companies (FPCs). It outlines how FPCs can help rural producers overcome limitations like insufficient resources, low skills and technology, and small quantities. FPCs can help producers access larger urban markets by providing uniform high quality products at scale and competitive prices. The document discusses how FPCs are structured with boards, management teams, and shareholders. It provides examples of how FPCs have helped increase farmers' incomes and economic impacts. The key is providing end-to-end support through groups, infrastructure development, market and financial linkages, knowledge and skills training.
Presentation by Sirak Bahta at an inception workshop for the Competitive Smallholder Livestock in Botswana project held at Gaborone, Botswana on 31 October 2012.
Basic concepts of value chain analysis for sheep and goat value chains develo...ILRI
Presented by Getachew Legese (ICARDA consultant) at the ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Rapid Assessment of Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 5-8 November 2012
Largest : annual production over 132 Million Tonnes.
Co-ops. : 17 state federations, 180 district milk unions, 13.41 million dairy farmers.
Now : Producers Companies & Private dairies are growing …. creating parallel dairy infrastructure.
NDP : To double the growth rate to become milk sufficient country by the year 2022 with target over 200 million tonnes milk production.…. and the technology partner from 33 years
This project report analyzes the market operations of business partners in the stock broking industry and their future prospects. The objective is to understand the strategies, services, and opportunities of competitors. Through a survey of 50 business partners, the report finds that while most brokers offer good product support and processing, marketing assistance is poor. It also finds opportunities in changing demographics, economic growth, and increasing investment. The conclusion is that Reliance Money has advantages in brand, price, and products, and the overall industry has a bright future with more investors and money movement. Suggestions include improved training, promotions, and streamlining documentation processes.
The study found that on average:
- Publishers received 51% of advertiser spend, ranging from 49-67% between publishers
- 15% of advertiser spend was "unattributable" and could not be traced in the supply chain
- There were significant challenges in obtaining the necessary data to map supply chains due to a lack of standardization around data sharing and formatting between parties
This document provides an overview of market facilitation concepts and how they can be applied to address issues in an agricultural value chain. It discusses market facilitation, specifically focusing on fostering systemic shifts towards broader relationships, ongoing innovation and upgrading, and benefit flows. It then gives an example problem statement around the low productivity of smallholder rice farmers limiting the competitiveness of the rice value chain. Various rationales are provided around knowledge gaps and limited relationships. The document closes by discussing applying the concepts of intensity and focusing resources appropriately when facilitating relationships between smallholders, input firms, and output firms.
6.1 jan van_der_lee-collection_processing_marketingSilvia Sperandini
On December 8 and 9, a Dairy Expert Roundtable Meeting on “Competitive Dairy Value Chains in Southeast Asia” was held in Muak Lek, Thailand. In this regional meeting, participants from six countries in Southeast Asia discussed how the relatively small dairy value chains could be more competitive and sustainable.
dgm | Online Retailer Expo Sydney 2012 | Chris GarnerChris Garner
We have all read the news, we all know the facts on how fast the ecommerce industry is growing, and we all know how much Australians' spend online is growing every year. Let’s dig deeper around what are the successful digital strategies being deployed in the online marketing industry to power this phenomenal revolution. We will show you the inside story on which clients are making it look easy. We will show you the levers that can be pulled to influence the flow of the customer journey. These levers can increase conversion and lifetime value, and decrease wastage of your marketing dollars. We will show you practical ways that you can use these proven ideas in your business, to help garner incremental customers cost effectively.
The Affiliate Marketing Council held its assembly meeting on July 26th 2012. The agenda included reviewing the council's 2012 activities and looking ahead to 2013. Key discussions were around upcoming legislation, standards, and a major new performance marketing industry study. The meeting notes indicate affiliate spending is increasing, with many advertisers expecting commission payments to rise in 2013.
A simple powerful mobile tool for empowering agro supply chains in coffee, tea, milk, cotton and cereals to do more. By empowering farmers to get full true value for their hard work and rewarding quality produce.
This document summarizes an Oxfam project to engage poor farmers in the strawberry value chain in Azerbaijan from 2010-2013. The project aimed to address rural poverty by improving access to productive seedlings, extension services, aggregation services, and markets. Over 1700 beneficiaries, half of whom were women, participated. The project established nurseries, producer organizations, and business partnerships along the strawberry supply chain to increase incomes for small farmers. Processors and traders also became engaged in contracting with farmers. The project helped strengthen the strawberry industry in central Azerbaijan and empower women participants economically and socially.
Case Study - Making Markets Work in BangladeshPMSD Roadmap
The ‘Marking markets work for smallholder farms and rural producers’ project focussed on increasing income and employment opportunities for marginalised rural communities in Bangladesh’s dairy sector.
1) SNV Ethiopia uses a value chain development approach to connect farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. It focuses on sector development, business development, knowledge sharing and strengthening service providers.
2) Key interventions include creating market opportunities, strengthening cooperatives and businesses, and facilitating partnerships between actors in the chain.
3) The approach aims to develop the agricultural sectors sustainably by building local capacity and financing for innovations.
The document summarizes results measurement sessions for two projects - the Cocoa Livelihoods Improvement Project (CLIP) in the Solomon Islands and the Southern Africa Seeds and Markets Project (SAMP) in Southern Africa. Both projects used the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED) Standard for results measurement, developing result chains, indicators, and predictions of change. CLIP achieved impressive results such as increased incomes and employment that exceeded targets. SAMP also achieved some targets but fell short on others due to external factors. The use of the DCED Standard provided both projects with credible results reporting.
The document describes a methodological approach for integrating conflict transformation and democratization in value chain subsector development. It involves: 1) capacity building on conflict transformation and value chain development; 2) participatory value chain and conflict mapping and analysis; 3) establishing an early warning system and referral system; and 4) developing conflict-sensitive economic initiatives. The overall goal is to develop a model for integrating sustainable economic development, conflict transformation, and democratization.
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Social Benefit Analysis of Modern Wholesale MarketsKomal03
The document analyzes the social benefits of private wholesale markets in India. It aims to quantify the tangible and intangible benefits to various stakeholders from facilities provided by such markets over a 15-year period. The total estimated benefit to society is Rs. 8740 crores, with farmers realizing the highest value of Rs. 323.43 crores annually from access to infrastructure like electronic auction, grading/sorting, and cold storage. The analysis provides a breakdown of annual benefits categorized by stakeholder and facility to assess the social impact and justify government investment in private wholesale markets.
The document analyzes the coffee bar industry in India. It discusses how coffee drinking has traditionally been restricted to domestic consumption in South India. It then provides an overview of the 7 P's of marketing mix used by Café Coffee Day. This includes describing their products, prices, promotion strategies, processes, people, and physical evidence. The document also includes a service blueprint of Café Coffee Day's customer experience and an analysis of how their servicescape and physical environment influences customers. Finally, it performs a SWOT analysis of the coffee bar industry in India.
The document discusses agricultural marketing reforms and infrastructure in India. It notes that while production efforts receive 90% of attention, only 10% goes to marketing and post-harvest phases. This results in farmers receiving a small share of the consumer price for crops. The document calls for a paradigm shift towards a more market-driven agricultural system. It outlines various problems with the current system and proposes a roadmap for reforms that includes enabling private investment, strengthening markets, and improving grading, standardization and quality certification. The scheme for developing agricultural marketing infrastructure and grading is also summarized.
The document discusses agricultural marketing reforms and infrastructure in India. It notes that while production efforts receive 90% of attention, only 10% goes to marketing and post-harvest phases. This results in farmers receiving a small share of the consumer price for crops. The document calls for a shift towards an agri-business model that is market-driven. It outlines various problems with the current system and proposes a roadmap for reforms that includes enabling private investment, strengthening linkages to retail, and promoting grading/standardization. A new central government scheme aims to develop marketing infrastructure and facilities through public-private partnerships.
This document provides an overview of resources available from Junction Solutions for various industries, including food and beverage, retail, and crossover solutions. It contains data sheets, white papers, webcasts, demos, videos, case studies, and contact information for Junction representatives organized by region. The document aims to be a comprehensive guide to Junction Solutions' offerings.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
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This project report analyzes the market operations of business partners in the stock broking industry and their future prospects. The objective is to understand the strategies, services, and opportunities of competitors. Through a survey of 50 business partners, the report finds that while most brokers offer good product support and processing, marketing assistance is poor. It also finds opportunities in changing demographics, economic growth, and increasing investment. The conclusion is that Reliance Money has advantages in brand, price, and products, and the overall industry has a bright future with more investors and money movement. Suggestions include improved training, promotions, and streamlining documentation processes.
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We have all read the news, we all know the facts on how fast the ecommerce industry is growing, and we all know how much Australians' spend online is growing every year. Let’s dig deeper around what are the successful digital strategies being deployed in the online marketing industry to power this phenomenal revolution. We will show you the inside story on which clients are making it look easy. We will show you the levers that can be pulled to influence the flow of the customer journey. These levers can increase conversion and lifetime value, and decrease wastage of your marketing dollars. We will show you practical ways that you can use these proven ideas in your business, to help garner incremental customers cost effectively.
The Affiliate Marketing Council held its assembly meeting on July 26th 2012. The agenda included reviewing the council's 2012 activities and looking ahead to 2013. Key discussions were around upcoming legislation, standards, and a major new performance marketing industry study. The meeting notes indicate affiliate spending is increasing, with many advertisers expecting commission payments to rise in 2013.
A simple powerful mobile tool for empowering agro supply chains in coffee, tea, milk, cotton and cereals to do more. By empowering farmers to get full true value for their hard work and rewarding quality produce.
This document summarizes an Oxfam project to engage poor farmers in the strawberry value chain in Azerbaijan from 2010-2013. The project aimed to address rural poverty by improving access to productive seedlings, extension services, aggregation services, and markets. Over 1700 beneficiaries, half of whom were women, participated. The project established nurseries, producer organizations, and business partnerships along the strawberry supply chain to increase incomes for small farmers. Processors and traders also became engaged in contracting with farmers. The project helped strengthen the strawberry industry in central Azerbaijan and empower women participants economically and socially.
Case Study - Making Markets Work in BangladeshPMSD Roadmap
The ‘Marking markets work for smallholder farms and rural producers’ project focussed on increasing income and employment opportunities for marginalised rural communities in Bangladesh’s dairy sector.
1) SNV Ethiopia uses a value chain development approach to connect farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. It focuses on sector development, business development, knowledge sharing and strengthening service providers.
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The document summarizes results measurement sessions for two projects - the Cocoa Livelihoods Improvement Project (CLIP) in the Solomon Islands and the Southern Africa Seeds and Markets Project (SAMP) in Southern Africa. Both projects used the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED) Standard for results measurement, developing result chains, indicators, and predictions of change. CLIP achieved impressive results such as increased incomes and employment that exceeded targets. SAMP also achieved some targets but fell short on others due to external factors. The use of the DCED Standard provided both projects with credible results reporting.
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The document analyzes the social benefits of private wholesale markets in India. It aims to quantify the tangible and intangible benefits to various stakeholders from facilities provided by such markets over a 15-year period. The total estimated benefit to society is Rs. 8740 crores, with farmers realizing the highest value of Rs. 323.43 crores annually from access to infrastructure like electronic auction, grading/sorting, and cold storage. The analysis provides a breakdown of annual benefits categorized by stakeholder and facility to assess the social impact and justify government investment in private wholesale markets.
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The document discusses agricultural marketing reforms and infrastructure in India. It notes that while production efforts receive 90% of attention, only 10% goes to marketing and post-harvest phases. This results in farmers receiving a small share of the consumer price for crops. The document calls for a paradigm shift towards a more market-driven agricultural system. It outlines various problems with the current system and proposes a roadmap for reforms that includes enabling private investment, strengthening markets, and improving grading, standardization and quality certification. The scheme for developing agricultural marketing infrastructure and grading is also summarized.
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Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
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Interpreting trader networks as value chains: Experience with Business Development Services in smallholder dairy in Tanzania and Uganda
1. Interpreting trader networks as value chains: experience
with Business Development Services in smallholder dairy in
Tanzania and Uganda
Derek Baker, Amos Omore, David Guillemois, Eunice Kariuki and Alice Njehu
ILRI Seminar, Nairobi, 25 June 2012
2. Outline
1. Overview of the research to date
2. BDS as a development intervention
3. Networks in development, and an overview of software and data handling
4. Intro to networks as an approach to value chain analysis
5. Approach taken, results so far
6. Discussion: handling network data alongside other data
7. Discussion: experience gained
8. Conclusions:
1. Impressions from the work so far
2. Potential uses for other ILRI research
3. Interface with other work by partners and other organisations
9. Next steps
3. Research overview (so far)
Representations of the Value Chain in pro-poor development:
• have a poor theoretical basis upon which to base research hypotheses
• lack quantitative intuition
• fail to capture inter-agent interactions
• cannot adequately address analysis of interventions
The research for which this is a preliminary presentation has sought to address
these weaknesses. Its goals:
1. Evaluate BDS programme for dairy in Uganda and Tanzania
2. Advance knowledge of trader-producer-service linkages and development
orientation
3. Test new empirical methods
Story so far
Theories of networks, applied to value chain analysis, used to formulate hypotheses
Measures of performance of BDS interventions formulated
Measures of VC-related network characteristics formulated
Data collected
Data processed using network-dedicated software (Pajek)
Preliminary analysis done
4. Intro on BDS in pro-poor dairy development in EA
Linkages in milk quality assurance in informal markets
Milk Trader
Training Hygienic
guides cans
Training
Accreditation & monitoring Service
Regulatory
Providers
Authority Reporting
(BDS)
(Trialled in Tanzania and Uganda – now being evaluated)
5. BDS in pro-poor dairy development in EA:
Linkages in inputs and services provision
Milk
Producer
Milk Market Hub
(Emphasis on traditional milk
market hubs to grow them) Inputs &
Service
Milk Traders $$ Providers
Payment agreement (BDS)
6. Networks as an approach to Value Chain Analysis
Value chains entail:
• parallel/convergent/divergent paths
• multiple and varied flows and relationships
• “horizontal” and well as vertical linkages
i.e. Value chains are in the nature of
networks or “net chains”
The equivalence of market theory with network theory has steadily emerged
• efficiency
• marginality
• equilibrium
Some applied aspects of economics (e.g. market structure, economies of
scale, logistic efficiency ) have been studied in terms of networks
Networks, like VCs, are unique/idiosyncratic: well-suited to micro-level analysis
and surveys.
Connections between/amongst actors, and the nature of those connections, adds
a new analytical dimension, with many possibilities.
7. Approach and methods - 1
Hypotheses formulation
Performance of BDS programme:
• improved milk handling
• higher production/productivity
• shifted seasonal pattern
• more sales/greater sales as % of production
• higher profits
• improved dairy market structures
Network-related evidence
• contact via a network enhances BDS programme performance
• contact varies in intensity and form, and for a variety of reasons
• variety in network configurations exists for a reason
• network configuration has implications for many interventions
form of BDS provision
applicability of Hubs, Innovation Platforms, and other collective action
forms and entry points for intervention
tracking of action/reaction amongst actors
8. Approach and methods - 2
Approach
1. Focus Group Discussions with traders, producers, and BDS providers
2. Formulation + testing of a questionnaire
3. Questionnaire: listings of linkages within the network
4. Sampling
5. Data processing: mixing Pajek with other data analysis
6. Analytical targets
9. Approach and methods - 3
Sampling
1. Start with BDS providers:
i. select ALL “programme” BDS providers (11 in Mwanza)
ii. mirror with an equal number (11) of “non-programme” BDS providers
iii. Ask each BDS provider for a COMPLETE list of clients (traders and
producers)
2. Randomly select 5 “programme” BDS providers, and 5 “non-programme” BDS
providers from above
i. Randomly select 4 TRADERS from client list of each (i.e. 2*20 = 40)
ii. mirror with an equal number (20) of TRADERS not linked to the programme
iii. Ask ALL actors for contact lists
3. Randomly select 2 “programme-linked” TRADERS and 5 “programme” BDS
providers
i. Randomly select 2 PRODUCERS from each contact list (2*5 + 2*4 = 18)
ii. Mirror with an equal number (18) of PRODUCERS not linked to the
programme
iii. Ask ALL actors for contact lists
11. Pajek – General introduction
What is Pajek?
Preparation of data.
• Social network analysis software (SNA software)
• Open source software
• Facilitates quantitative or qualitative analysis of social
networks, by describing features of a network, either
through numerical or visual representation.
13. Results in BDS study - Uganda milk supply
Blue triangle : Trader
Red cirle: Producer
Thickness line: Quantity of milk traded between producers and traders.
Number: Quantity of milk traded per connection.
15. Results - Uganda Milk sales, input supply
Blue triangle : Trader
Red circle: Producer
Yellow box: BDS
Dot line: Milk traded
Blue line: BDS service
16. Results - Uganda Milk sales, input supply (detail)
Blue triangle : Trader
Red circle: Producer
Yellow box: BDS
Dot line: Milk traded
Blue line: BDS service
17. Results - Uganda milk sales and training services
Blue triangle : Trader
Red circle: Producer
Yellow box: BDS
Dot line: BDS service
Blue line: Milk delivered
18. Results - Uganda milk sales and all BDS
Blue triangle : Trader
Red circle: Producer
Yellow box: BDS
Thickness of the line: Number of exhanges/services
19. Results - Uganda milk sales and all BDS (detail)
Blue triangle : Trader
Red circle: Producer
Yellow box: BDS
Thickness of the line: Number of exhanges/services
20. Results - Degree centrality for producers
Number of connections for producers in Uganda on Milk
160
Number of producers
140 140 producers have just 1 buyer
120 38 producers have 2 buyers
10 producers have 3 buyers
100
8 producers have 4 buyers
80 ….
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of connections between producers and traders
21. Results - Degree centrality for traders
Milk. Number of connections for Traders in Uganda
40
36 traders buy from just 1 producer
Number of traders
35
30
18 traders buy from 2 producers
25 ….
20
15
Note small peak (10 traders) buying
10
5
from 5 producers
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of connections between producers and traders
Number of connections for Traders in Mwanza on
Number of connections for Traders in Arusha on Milk
Milk
25
16
14 20
12
10 15
8
10
6
4 5
2
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6
Note different configuration between Arusha and Mwanza
22. Results - Network characteristics for BDS provision - 1
PRODUCERS TRADERS BDS
Connection of BDS. Traders. Uganda Number connections per BDS. Uganda
Connection of BDS. Producers.
One service received by one BDS is counted as One service to one entity is counted as
Uganda
"one" "one
One service received by one BDS is
No. of producers
counted as "one" 12 40
20 10
30
8
15
6 20
10
4
5 10
2
0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
No. of connections producer to BDS
Connection of BDS. Producers. Arusha Connection of BDS. Traders. Arusha Number connections per BDS. Arusha
One service received by one BDS is One service received by one BDS is counted as One service received by one BDS is
counted as "one" "one" counted as "one"
4.5 7 40
4 6 35
3.5 30
5
3
25
2.5 4
20
2 3
15
1.5
2 10
1
0.5 1 5
0 0 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
23. Results - Network characteristics for BDS provision - 2
Connection of BDS. Producers. Number services provided per BDS. Mwanza Number connections per BDS.
Mwanza One service received by one BDS is counted as Mwanza
One service received by one BDS is "one" One service to one entity is counted
counted as "one" as "one"
10 40.00
10 9 35.00
8
8 30.00
7
6 25.00
6
5 20.00
4 4 15.00
3
10.00
2 2
1 5.00
0 0 0.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
1. Note variation in network intensities: numbers of BDS connections per BDS provider
2. Question: are these connections better if “bundled” (i.e. >1 service per client, to a few c
or “non-bundled” (i.e. =1 service per client, to many clients)?
26. Results - nature of data
... Variables....
....Agents…
A
B
... Observations....
C
...
connections …
A to B
A& B
....network
C to D
...
27. Future analysis – a logical progression of hypotheses
Conventional view:
H01: Actors’ characteristics/performance = f(exogenous data collected)
Progression… (nested models?)
H02: Actors’ characteristics/performance = f(exogenous data collected,
number and form of network links)
H03: Number and form of links = f(exogenous data collected,
factors affecting linkages)
H04: Actors’ value chain behaviour = f(exogenous data collected,
factors affecting linkages)
H05: Value chain performance = f(exogenous data collected,
actors’ value chain choices)
H06: Development outcomes = f(exogenous data collected,
factors affecting network structure)
28. Conclusions
1. Impressions from the work so far
I. Hypotheses difficult at first
II. Sampling is complex, numbers can become overwhelming
III. Data handling is demanding
2. Potential uses for other ILRI research
I. Analysis of VC performance
II. Aspects of transactions (incl. input delivery)
III. Analysis of collective action potential/ex ante/ex post
IV. Spatial analysis, suited to panels
3. Interface with other work by partners and other organisations
I. Identifying entry points for interventions
II. Identifying best strategies for interventions
III. Mapping of impact pathways
29. Next steps
1. Further simple network statistics
2. Improved compilation of PAJEK + conventional databases
3. Impact assessment of BDS programme
4. Econometric assessment of agents’ performance, related to networks
5. Econometric assessment of networks’ performance, related to networks
6. Econometric assessment of bundling vs non-bundling (BDS, hubs, IPs)
7. Question: What is in this for your research?
30. Contact: Derek Baker d.baker@cgiar.org
International Livestock Research Institute www.ilri.org