Erode is an agricultural and textile hub located in Tamil Nadu, India. It is surrounded by three rivers - Amaravathi, Bhavani, and Cauvery - and is one of the largest producers of turmeric and other crops in India. Texvalley is the largest wholesale textile market in Erode, located in the heart of South India's textile industry. Hema Chandra Textiles is a textile manufacturer in Erode that produces grey fabrics and woven fabrics. The document then describes the various processes involved in cotton spinning, sizing, yarn dyeing, and weaving from winding to weaving.

2. ERODE
• Erode has surrounded by 3 rivers as it's border.
• The rivers that flow in Erode are Amaravathi, Bhavani, and
Cauvery.
• Erode is an agricultural and textile hub.
• It is one of the largest producers of turmeric in India
• Erode district is also the leading producer of plantain,
coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu.
• Gobichettipalayam is well known for its white silk, cotton,
plantain and coconut production.
• Erode district is the One of major producer of Food products
in the state The country's first automated silk reeling unit is
located near Gobichettipalayam.

3. TEX VALLEY
• Texvalley, India's largest wholesale textile market
in Erode, the heart of South India's textile
industry.
• Texvalley is here to revolutionize the textile
business, at Erode
16 lakh Sq.feet 18 Acres 6 floors 10 Product zones 1599 shops
Trading Centre with
State-of-the-art
facilities.
Acres
of fully integrated
textile market.
Sprawls with all
kind of fabrics to
fulfill
Product Zones
Uses unique dual
zoning methodology
Classified into
different product
zones.

4. • Started in 1992
• Producing Grey fabric & variety of woven fabric to
suppliers in India.
• Having production capacity of 3,00,000
mtrs/month.
• To be recognized as a premier QUALITY
manufacturer and supplier of grey fabrics,
embodying thus the spirit of commitment and
humanity.
Hema Chandra Textiles
19, Mudhali Thottam,
Sulai, Erode-638004
hemachandratex@gmail.com

5. In the form of spinner’s package
Warp preparation Weft preparation
Winding (cone, Cheese) Winding (Cop,pirn)
Warping(pre beam,warp) Weaving
Sizing (weavers beam)
Drafting, Drawing,Denting,
Weaving

6. Cone Winding
• Winding is a process of
transferring yarns from ring
bobbins, hanks, cones etc
into a convenient form of
packages containing
considerably long length of
yarn.
• The main purpose of
winding or packaging is to
form a single yarn package
suitable for the next
operation.

7. Creeling

8. Warping Warping is aimed at preparing the
weaver’s beam to be set up on the weaving
machine. Warping
carries out following operations :
• Creation, out of a limited number of warp
threads (creel load), of a warp composed of
any number of threads with the desired
length.
• Arrangement of above-mentioned threads
according to the desired sequence.
The industrial warping process can be carried
out according to two different technologies:
• Sectional warping (conical drum or indirect
warping).
• Beam warping or direct warping (preparatory
beam warping).

9. • Sizing is the
application of
adhesive coating in
the warp threads
before weaving.
• The warp yarns can
withstand the
complex stresses to
which they are
subjected in the
weaving machine.

10. • The size is usually a starch
paste containing softening
and other ingredients.
• Starch sizes are usually
not satisfactory for
synthetic fiber threads
and have to be replaced
by special sizes (often
containing synthetic
polymers) which will
adhere better to the
threads.

11. • To pass the warp threads through
the hole of the drop wire is known
as pinning.
• If a single warp breaks drop wire will
drop. As a result Machine will stop
instantly to avoid end missing.
Before the weaver’s beam is mounted on the loom, each end is threaded
through a heald eye and the reed; it also supports a drop wire.

12. • To pull the warp threads through
the heald eye of the heald wire.
• The process of drawing in is also
known as entering and knotting or
looming.
• It is the process that connects the
sizing and weaving.
• The important operations of this
process are leasing, drawing, tying
and dropper-pinning, which in
turn depend on different types of
yarn,Colour planting, weaving
machine type, and character of pr
oduction, i.e., degree of diversity.

13. • Drafting is known as
the selection of heald
frames or harnesses for
individual warp threads
according to the
design.
• Drawing in: To pull the
warp threads through
the heald eye of the
heald wire.

14. Reed
• The reed is a comb-like
structure consisting of
regularly spaced wires. The
word dent is commonly
used to describe the space
between two reed wires.
Denting:
• Denting means drawing the
warp thread through the
dent as required by reed
plan and this determines
more accurately the width
of the fabric and the ends
per cm.

15. • Tying-in is used when a fabric is
being mass produced.
• The tail end of the warp from the
exhausted weaver’s beam is tied
to the beginning of the new warp.
• Therefore, if every end on the
new beam is tied to its
corresponding end on the old
beam, the drawing-in process can
be omitted.
• Following the tying-in process, all
knots are pulled through the drop
wires, heddles and the reed. The
loom is now ready for operation.

16. Weaving is the action of producing fabric by
the interlacing of warp and weft thread. The
warp threads are placed along the length of
the fabric and the weft threads are placed
along the width of the fabric.
MOTIONS OF LOOM
1. Primary Motions
a) Shedding Motion
b) Picking Motion
c) Beating-up
2. Secondary Motions
a) Take-up motion
b) Let-off motion
3. Auxiliary Motions
a) Warp Stop Motion
b) Weft Stop Motion
c) Warp Protector Motion
d) Weft Mixing Motion
e) Feeler Motion
f) Brake Motion

17. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
Back of Loom (Warp Alley)
• Slubs
• Extra End
• Missing End
• Crossed End
• Thick End Or Wrong Yarn
Count
• Stuck Ends / Sizing Fault
• Spare End Bobbin
• Fluff And Fly
• Waste / Wild Yarn
Front Of Loom (Cloth Quality)
• Short Picks
• Weft Bars
• Uneven Yarn:
• Broken Pick
• Double End
• Wrong Draft
• Wrong Dent
• Selvedge
• Reed Marks

18. • I have enough fortunate to get an opportunity
in Hema Chandran textile weaving mill during
the period of 10 days.
• I have received full cooperation and
encouragement during the learning process by
all the staff.
• I have learnt the mechanism of power loom,
preparatory process in fabric manufacturing.
It`s an good exposure to see auto looms and
advanced manufacturing in more for woven
fabrics.

19. • EIRI Project Consultants, Cotton Spinning Sizing, Yarn Dyeing And
Weaving Mill
http://www.eiriindia.org/index.php?route=product/product&produ
ct_id=4118 Accessed on 29/01/2018
• Ashish Hulle, Weaving mechanism
http://textilecentre.blogspot.com/2013/07/project-report-
reduction-of-yarn.html Accessed on29/01/2018
• Carl A. Lawrence, SPUN YARN TECHNOLOGY
• https://textlnfo.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/fundamentals-of-
spun-yarn-technology.pdf
• Dayalbagh educational institution, WEAVING, BASIC WEAVES AND
STANDARD FABRICS http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-
server/eacharya-
documents/53e0c6cbe413016f234436ed_INFIEP_8/7/ET/8_ENG-7-
ET-V1-S1__lesson.pdf accessed on 30/01/2018