The document is an internship report detailing the author's experience at Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) from August 7 to September 18. It covers the organization's history, structure, products, and the various switching technologies implemented, along with a description of the author's tasks during the internship. The report concludes with recommendations for PTCL to enhance its services and adapt to competitive market dynamics.

1. 1
INTERNSHIP REPORT
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION
COMPANY LIMITED
Internship Period: 7August -18September
Prepared by:
Iqra Sundip Yasin 1450-213001
Msc Electronics
PRESTON UNIVERSITY
ISLAMABAD

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Table of Content
Preface
Acknowledgment
Overview of Organization
Introduction
History
Main Office
Products
Switching Technology
Services of PTCL
Services for customers
Value add services
My Internship Work
Introduction of office
Supervisor’s name and job title
Exchange overview
Description of my task
Recommendation
Conclusion

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PREFACE
In fact, for the students of Msc Electronics. The internship is a golden
chance to develop and ensharp the capability and skill of
administration and management in the practical environment of
different organizations. In the context, I select the PTCL
(PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED).
My reasons for doing the internship program in PTCL is to get first
hand knowledge about switching unit, because PTCL is the best
organization indeed. I tried to remain to the point, in writing the
report. Brief history, management, organizational structure of
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED. I
have tried my best to learn a lot about switching. I have made all
possible efforts to summaries the broad history and working of the
organization. The information contained in the report is based on my
personal observation, practical working. In the end, I would like to
mention a quote.
Harry golden said, “That the only thing that overcome the hard luck
is hard work”

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Acknowledgment
First of all I thank to Allah (Subhanahu WA Ta'ala) for
having enabled me to complete my report that would not
have been possible for me to accomplish without his help in
all stages of its preparation.
I have a pleasant opportunity to work with “PTCL”. In this
connection, I pay my heartily thanks to Sir Nasrullah (T. O.
Eng) who is my instructor, a humble person and very kindly
provided me the opportunity to internship at the highly
prestigious organization.
I’m also really thankful to my parents, who are my first
teacher in this world. Without them and their prayers I feel
myself alone and incomplete.

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Internship Report
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION
COMPANY LIMITED
Established on 1996
INTRODUCTION
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is a mega
corporation and a leading telecommunication authority in Pakistan.
The corporation provides telephonic and internet services nation-wide
and is the backbone for country's telecommunication
infrastructure despite arrival of a dozen other telecommunication
corporations, including Telenor Corps and China Mobile Ltd. The
corporation manages and operates around ~2000 telephone
exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed line
network. Data and backbone services such as GSM, CDMA,
Broadband Internet, and IPTV, wholesale are an increasing part of its
business.
HISTORY
From the of beginning Posts & Telegraph Department in 1947 and
establishment of Pakistan Telephone & Telegraph Department in
1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in
Pakistan. Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991,
announced its plans to privatize PTCL, and in 1994 issued six million
vouchers exchangeable into 600 million shares of the would-be
PTCL in two separate placements. Each had a par value of Rs. 10 per
share. These vouchers were converted into PTCL shares in mid-
1996.In 2005, Government of Pakistan decided to sell 26 percent of
this company to some private corporation but strikes were held by
PTCL workers. They arrested many workers and put them behind

6. bars. The contention between Government and employees ended
with a 30% increase in the salaries of workers.
6
MAIN OFFICE
The Head Office of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited
is situated in Sector G-8/4, Islamabad, which is headed by the
“President” besides.
PRODUCTS
In addition to wire line operations, PTCL also provide fixed line
service through its countrywide CDMA based WLL (Wireless Local
Loop) network, under the VFone brand name. In the Internet
segment, PTCL provides fixed broadband through conventional
copper wire & FTTC and wireless broadband based on EvDO Rev A
and B technology with the brand name of EVO. PTCL has also
introduced a 3G tab. In the cellular segment, the second largest
cellular provider in Pakistan, Ufone based on GSM 800/1900
technology, is also a wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL. In addition
to these services, PTCL also offers some of the world's first
commercial HD TV services based on IPTV with the brand name of
Smart TV and home surveillance and alarm over broadband under the
brand name iSentry. PTCL is also part of the consortium of three
major Submarine communication cable networks: SEA-ME-WE 3,
SEA-ME-WE 4 and I-ME-WE.
Source: (ptclwebsite)
SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY
There are seven different kind of switching technologies currently
operational in PTCL network
 Alcatel
 Siemens
 NEC
 Erricsson

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 Huawi
 J.S telecom
 ZTE
SERVICES OF PTCL
Services for consumers
(1)New Telephone Connections
(2)Value Added Services
(3) CLI (Callers Line Identification)
(4)PREPAID CALLING CARDS
(5)E-BILL PAYMENT
(6)DIGITAL FACILITIES
(7)PTCL offers a variety of features to digital exchange
Customers like:-
1- Hotline
2- Abbreviated Dialing.
3- Call Waiting4 Don’t Disturb
5-Call Transfer on (a) Busy (b) No Reply (c) Immediate
6-Wake up call
7-Absent Subscriber
8-Code Barring
(8)Prepayment Telephony Services (PPT)
(9)Target market

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MY INTERNSHIP WORK
I have got the internship in PTCL telephone exchange in Mianwali.
Supervisor’s name and job title:
Supervisor’s name is NasarUllah and the job title is T. O. Eng.
Switching
EXCHANGE OVERVIEW
An exchange is consists of following important parts
Network Equipments (Main Switching Unit)
MDF (Main Distribution Farm)
RLU (Remote Logic Unit)
MAIN AC SUPPLY
GENERATOR
DC BATTERY
MEDIA (Micro Wave or Optic fiber)
MY WORK TASK
During the internship I was demonstrated about the two installed
system i.e
1) EWSD system
2) ZTE system
EWSD system is made by Germany and ZTE system is made by
china.

9. During the internship I was also demonstrated about the
external network as well as power plant setup to feed the
power to all installed system.
9
Detail regarding EWSD switching system:-
There are five basic sub-system installed
1. DLU
2. LTG
3. SN
4. CP
5. CCNP
1. DLU: -
DLU is the subscriber stage and equipment of all
telephone numbers are installed in the DLU. The
subscribers’ cables from DLU are wired at MDF. MDF
is the stage at which cables from external network are
wired at one side and cables from DLU are wired on the
other side. To connect any telephone network with the
external network jumpring is done at MDF.
There are two types of DLUS:
a) DLU
b) DLUB
a) DLU:-
The cards having 8telephone numbers are
installed in DLU and one DLU is installed in one
rack. Maximum 960 telephone numbers can be
accumulated in one DLU. The 4 PDC are the output
of the DLU and the date rate of each PDC is 30
channels.
b) DLUB:-
The cards having 16 telephone numbers are
installed in the DLUB and two DLUS installed in
one rack. DLUB is installed for to save the space.
2. LTG (LINE TRUNK GROUP) :-
LTG is the channel stage.4PDC coming from DLU is
the input of LTG. The output of LTG is the SDC
(SECONDARY DIGITAL CARRIER). The data rate of

10. SDC is 120 channels. LTG is the interface stage between
DLU and SN (SWITCHING NETWORK).
10
There are 4 types of LTG w.r.t hardware:-
a) LTG (in a full shelf)
b) LTGB (in a half shelf)
c) LTGN (in a card)
d) LTGP (4 LTGs in a card)
LTGs are compacted to save the space.
3. SN (SWITCHING NETWORK):-
The connection between called party and calling
party are established in SN stage.
4. CP (CO-ORDINATION PROCESSOR):-
CP is the main control of all exchange systems it is
just like a brain all commands and instructions are
generated from CP the status of all systems are updated
in CP the calls charging data is stored in MDD
(MAGNETIC DISC DEVICE) which is sub-part of CP.
5. CCNP (COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING
NETWORK PROCESSOR:-
CCNP state generate the all type of signaling which
is send to the sub-system of exchange to perform the
different task.

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Block Diagram of System
ZTE: - (Zhongxing Telecommunication
Equipment Corporation)
ZTE was introduced in the Pakistani market in 1999 with its
headquarters in Islamabad and major offices in Lahore and Karachi.
Providing Telecom Equipment, Network Solutions and Managed
Services to telecom operators in Pakistan i.e. PTCL, Telenor, Zong
POWER PLANT SETUP:-
During the internship I was also demonstrated about the power plant
set up which feed power to all systems of the exchange. The power
plant system comprises of following equipment:
1. Transformer
2. Rectifiers
3. Stand by battery sets

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4. AC unites
5. Stand by diesel generator set
1) TRANSFORMER:-
200KVA transformer was installed which step-down. The
11KV line to 220/440V
2) RECTIFIERS:-
Because all installed system is D.C operated therefore 3
rectifiers having capacity 48v.200A were installed to convert the A.C
supply in to D.C supply. The rectifiers were 3-phases therefore input
of rectifier was 440V.A.C and output 48V.D.C.
3) STAND BY BATTERY SETS:-
There were two battery sets having capacity of 1500AH each
were installed. Total capacity of battery sets was 3000AH.In case of
WAPDA supply failure these battery sets take up the load at once and
thus no interruption occurred in communication.
4) A.C UNIT:-
The switching equipment is very sensitive to temperature
therefore to maintain the idle temperature i.e 26c.
5 A.C units having capacity 5 tones and 7.5 tones were installed.
These A.C units’ remains operated in whole year.
5) D.C SETS: - Diesel Generator Sets)
Having capacity 225KVA was installed to provide the stand
by supply to the all system. The D.G set is operated in case of
WAPDA supply failure.
EXTERNAL NETWORK
There are two type of external network
1) Primary Network
2) Secondary Network
1) PRIMARY NETWORK:-
The underground cable laid down between the MDF and divisional
cabinet is called Primary Network. The cables of 600/900/1200 pairs
having dia 0.4 and 0.6 were laid down
2) SECONDARY NETWORK:-

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The external under ground cable laid down between the
divisional cabinet and distribution point (DP) is called secondary
network. Each D.P contains maximum 10 pairs drop wire is erected
between the DP and customer premises.
Connectivity of external network with the exchange and
customer is as under:
RECOMMENDATION AND
CONCLUTION
No doubt PTCL is enjoying monopoly but the time is came when
competition will force company to change its policies to become
favorite telecom service provider in the Market & keep its current
place & customer base

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 Switching department of the PTCL is well established and
performs its functions properly. PTCL has a huge sales
infrastructure throughout the country that is geographically
wide spread.
 There are only two training staff colleges which cannot fulfill
the requirement of all the employees of PTCL from all over
the Pakistan. They should start at least one new training staff
college so that all the employees get training.
 Overall PTCL still behaves as a monopoly … it has to
change its attitude. At a minimum, avoiding billing errors
and providing competent and courteous service to its
customers is essential if PTCL wants to show that it is
transforming itself to a competitive company which cares for
its customers.
 PTCL have little high switching cost of customer which is
the main resistance of PTL in increasing it sales. The growth
rate of PTCL has been decreased in 2012 by 3%
approximately. And the growth rate of Ufone has increased
by 46% which is not good signed for PTCL in future.
 PTCL still have a good future. It should train its employees
according to needs of work and also should train them
according to the new technology.
Just believe in yourself even if you don’t pretend that you do
And at some point, you will.
_________________________