This internship report summarizes Muhammad ZainUl Abideen's internship at the Switching Department of National Telecom Corporation (NTC) in Islamabad from October 2, 2014. It discusses NTC's progress since its establishment in 1996, including developing its own infrastructure like optical fiber backbone, billing system, and multi-services data network. It describes the various departments of NTC and services it offers. It also provides an overview of NTC's EWSD digital switching system, digital telephony, and plans to migrate to an IP-based next generation network.

1. INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED BY:
Muhammad ZainUl Abideen
Submitted To:
Sir EhsanurRehman
Submitted On:
October 2, 2014
Switching Department
National Telecom Corporation
Islamabad

2. Acknowledgment
In the Name of ALLAH, the Most Beneficent and Most Merciful
“We rise in degree of rank that so ever we pleased; and our every pressure of knowledge is one, most knowing”.
(AL-QURAN)
I am alsoheartilythankful tothe National Telecommunication Corporation which gave me a competitive environment
for the better use of our practical skills by working with its well-mannered and cooperative staff.
Specially,Iamverythankful toADE EhsanUr Rehman,whohelpedme alotat everystepandpolishmyskillsandtell me
the right direction. And I am also thankful to all the staff of switching department who is very cooperative.

3. Preface
The purpose of thisreportis to explainwhatIdidandlearned duringmyinternshipperiodwiththe ntc..The report
focusesprimarilyonthe assignmentshandled,workingenvironment,successesandshortcomings thatthe interndid
encounterwhenhandlingvarioustasksassignedtoherbythe supervisor.
Because the variouspartsof the reportreflectthe intern’sshortcomings,successes,observationsandcomments,it
wouldbe imperativethatthe recommendationsare alsogiven.Thereforethe reportgivesanumberof commentsand
recommendationsonthe internshipprogram.
It ishopedthat thisreportwouldserve asa cardinal vehicle tothe improvementof the internshipprogram.

4. Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
NATIONAL TELECOM CORPORATION
 ProgressfromStart to Date
 Departmentsof NTC
 Services
CHAPTER 2
EWSD, Digital Telephonyand NGN

5. CHAPTER 1 NATIONAL TELECOM CORPORATION
The neweraof telecommunicationinPakistanhasbroughtseveral challengeswithit,despite of the
advantagesithas made visible forthe consumers.The mostimportantbeingthe challenge tokeepintactthe security
requirementsof the Governmentof Pakistanandtoprotectthe new playersinthisfieldfromthe conventionalpractices
of the incumbentoperatorstoprotecttheirmarketshare.Toovercome these challengesGoPestablishedNational
TelecommunicationCorporation(NTC) in January1996 underthe TelecomReorganizationAct1996.
The main objective wastohave aninfrastructure independentof all otheroperatorsthatcan be usedfor
the purpose of governmentcommunicationandasan alternative supportfor the operatorsenteringthe market.
Progress fromStart toDate
The ongoinginfrastructure developmentjourneyforNTCbeganin1996 whenitwas createdwithfew local exchanges
and analogmicrowave.However,todayNTChasdevelopeditsowninfrastructure toanextentwhere itcanbe calledan
independentITandtelecomoperatorcapable of meetingthe challengesof the deregulatedenvironmentandmeeting
the objectivesforwhichitwascreated.
NTC starteditsoperationsin1996 withonly5 local exchanges all overPakistanandananalogmicrowave linknot
capable of supportingthe digital transmission.Tocarry out itsoperations,itwasmainlydependentonPTCinfrastructure
and useditstransitnetwork,internationalgateways,transmissionnetwork,IN platformetc.tocarry out itsoperations.
The copper networkinthe accessprovidedtoNTCwas not sufficienttocaterfor itssubscriberbase andmeetthe
requiredqualityof service parameters.NTChadno arrangementsfordirectinterconnectwithcellular operatorsasa
resultithad to paysubstantial partof itsrevenuestoPTCLfor 3rd party termination.Dataservicesbeingessential
demandof NTC customerscouldnotbe met due to nonavailabilityof infrastructure.Billingof NTCcustomerswas
carriedout throughPTC initiallyandthroughPakistanComputerBureau.The mainchallenge forNTCatthat time wasto
reduce thisdependencyonotheroperatorstominimumassoonas possible tofulfillitsobligationsandtosustainitself
inthe deregulatedenvironmentinwhichPTCwastobe privatized.
The main focusinthe initial yearswasto developitsownbasicinfrastructurethatincludedoptical fibertransmission
backbone,transitnetwork,billingsystemandmulti servicesdatanetwork(MSDN) besideexpansionof itsswitching
networktoun-servedareastocoveras much of its subscriberbase aspossible.Itpurchased2fibersfromPTCinthe
mainoptical fiberbackbone andequippeditwith622 Mbps SDH systems.Itexpandeditsexchangesindifferentcitiesto
gainaccess to itscustomersalongwithlyingof coppercable.These exchangeswere convertedintotransitexchangesto
provisionlongdistance servicesonNTCnetworkandto have directinterconnectswithcellularandotheroperators.The
establishmentof NTCMSDN was a major milestone,achievedin2001 whichenabledNTCtoprovide multipledata
servicessuchasdial- up,DSL, Webhostingand internetetc.toitscustomers.Anothermilestone achievementin
National historyisinplacementof Pakistan education&ResearchNetwork(PERN) project.The projectisproviding155
Mbps international connectivityto59 universitiesconnectedall overPakistan.The billingsystemwasdevelopedinfirst
4 yearswhichmade itpossible forNTCto do itsownbilling.

6. Departments of NTC:
The differentdepartmentsinNTCare as follows:-
 I&RA
 Finance
 Budget
 Internal Audit
 Store
 Civil
 Security
 Accounts
 Network&System
Engineering
 Procurement
 R&I
 IT
 Transmission
 DWDM
 Defense
 Revenue
 Human Resources
 Data Communication
 P & D
 Admin
 Switching
 PP&F
Services:
NTC isofferingabunchof servicestoitsvaluedcustomers.Those are:-
 TelephonicServices
 Internet
 Intranet
 WebHosting
 VideoConferencing
 Call Booking
 LeasedLine
 WirelessLocal Loop
 Co-location
The servicesthatare beingofferedatNTCare:-
 Telephone
 Basic Telephony
 CallingCard
 ISDN-IntegratedService
Digital Network
 BRI-BasicRate Interface
 PRI-PrimaryRate Interface
 SupplementaryServices
 NetworkSolutionsfor
valued
 Multi-ServicesData
Network
 Webhostingfacility
 Electronicmail platform
 DialupInternetAccess,
DDP, ISDN
 Co-Location
 Virtual Private Networking
 VideoConferencingfacility
 Broad Band Internet
Access
 IntranetSolutions
 Radio/Wireless
NetworkingSolution
 Lease Line Services
 CustomizedDataSolutions
 TransmissionServices
 Dark Fiber
 Media(Junction)
 Co-Location
 Space,Dishes/Antennas,
PowerSupply
 Servers

7. Future Thoughts:
Being aware of the new technologies, demand for new services and converged network
NTC is in the process of upgrading and expanding its network. Migration from conventional TDM network to
IP based Next Generation Network has been planned and being implemented. The 622 Mbps optical fiber
backbone not able to meet the requirement of bandwidth hungry applications is being upgraded to 10 Gbps
DWDM based technology. To improve the efficiency ERP solution has been planned and under process of
implementation. To gain access to NTC users efforts are being made for frequency allocation and as a stop gap
arrangement virtual WLL connections are being provided to NTC subscribers. To provide value added service
from its own platform NTC is planning its own IN platform. Very soon NTC subscribers will be hearing NTC
operators for customer relations, call booking and complaints through its state-of-the-art call center. Multi
services access network has been planned to be as close to the user on fiber as possible to extend multiple
services from a single platform. Plan for replacing analog microwave with digital is being made so that NTC
can meet the requirements in case of disasters and can provide an alternate to optical fiber backbone. The co-
location facilities are being planned to facilitate new entrants in performing their operations.
NTC has traveled a long way in developing its infrastructure in lines with the
technological and market trends. NTC is determined to provide an infrastructure required to meet its objectives
and to support the nation and GoP in achieving its objectives.

8. Chapter 2
EWSD, Digital Telephony and NGN
EWSD:
EWSD (Elektronisches Wählsystem Digital in German, Electronic Digital Switching System/Electronic World Switch
Digital[1]
in English) is one of the most widely installed telephone exchange systems in the world. EWSD can work as a local or
tandem switch or combined local/tandem, and for landline or mobile phones. It is manufactured by Siemens AG, who claims
that EWSD switches perform switching for over 160 million subscriber lines in more than 100 countries.
DeTeWe bought its first EWSD under license in 1985 for remote switching. Bosch built its first EWSD as a local exchange in
1986. Deutsche Telekom, formerly Deutsche Bundespost, the largest German telephone company, uses EWSD and System 12
(Alcatel), the former more than the latter.
Software:
The software of EWSD is called APS (Automatic Program System). The APS is on a hard drive and includes
the operating system, developed by Siemens in cooperation with Bosch. It is predominantly written in
the CHILL language. Application software is switch specific and serves among other things traffic
management, path search, and call charging. Support software serves translating programs, binding modules as
well as administration of libraries for generating data. Operating and data communication software serve for co-
operation of maintenance centers and switching centers.
Technical Data:
 Number of access lines: to 250,000
 Number of feeder lines: 240,000
 Traffic connection: 25,200
 Call attempts in busy hour: 10 million
 Operating voltages: -48V -60V -90V
 Rate zones: 127, for each zone of 6 tariffs
 Tariff change-over at 15 minute intervals
 Space requirement with 10,000 access lines: 35 square meters

9. Digital Telephony:
It is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment
of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant
parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone.
Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as
a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or
other sound between points, with or without the use of wires.The term is also used frequently to refer to
computer hardware, software, and computer network systems that perform functions traditionally performed by
telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet telephony, or voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Next Generation Network (NGN):
KEY DRIVERS OF NGN DEVELOPMENT
NGN CHARACTERISTICS:
Packet-based transfer
Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS and transparency
Interworking with legacy networks via open interfaces generalized mobility
Unrestricted access by users to different service providers

10. WHY Next Generation Network?
Factors play an important role while selecting NGN, such as:
Lower port cost
Open platform
Reduced space and power requirements
New revenue streams
Improved competitive position
Lower operating costs
Architecture of NGN:

13. Soft Switch
SOFTX 3000:
• In the NGN solution , Soft Switch acts as the brain of NGN, interworking with other NGN components
through the open network adopting distributed standard protocols.
• Soft Switch is also know as the Media Gateway Controller
• The Soft Switch functions at the control layer of NGN .
• Soft Switch acts as a generic Call Controller in the packet-switched network and handles all types of
signaling which includes SS7, H.323, H.248, SIP, M2UA and M3UA ,PRI,BRI,R2 etc
Universal Media Gateway
UMG 8900:
• A Media Gateway is located on the edge access layer of the NGN.
• It interfaces the conventional PSTN network with NGN network and passes PSTN services to the NGN.
• A Media Gateway serves as media access layer equipment in the NGN. It converts service stream
formats and bearer modes from the PSTN to packet networks and supports various voice services and
narrowband data services.
• The UMG8900 supports bearer conversion from TDM to IP/ATM packet networks using Real Time
Protocol (RTP).
• It supports following voice codec:
• G.711
• G.723
• G.726
• G.729
• The UMG transports the control information using Embedded M2UA signaling.

14. Access GATEWAY
• An AG is located on the edge access layer of NGN which provides access for various types of services
and supports voice services.
• It can connects Analog Subscribers with traditional such as Private Branch Exchange (PBX) and V5
access network.
• An AG serves as media access layer equipment in the NGN. It processes narrowband voice or data
stream formats and converts them into the information formats transferred on IP packet networks by
adaptation.
• AG uses H.248 & RTP for transport of control information & voice respectively.
NGN Billing – iGWB
 The iGWB is the gateway equipment placed between the SoftX3000 and the billing center, used to
implement the CDR receiving, pre-processing, buffering, and billing interfacing functions.
 CDRs are stored in:
o Active iGWB
o Standby iGWB
o Emergency Workstation

15. Comparison of NGN and EWSD
The End