This document provides an overview of departments within PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited). It discusses the organizational structure, mission, subsidiaries, and products/services of PTCL. Regarding departments, it focuses on describing the functions of the Finance Department. The Finance Department is further divided into various sub-departments that handle tasks like accounting, budgeting, taxation, and funds generation. The document also includes chapters on the author's internship activities, financial analysis of PTCL, a SWOT analysis, and conclusions/recommendations.
Business Solutions Limited provides various business services and products including training programs, marketing strategies, and resume services. They offer national and international training programs conducted by professional trainers on various topics. They also assist with recruiting by providing selected resumes of qualified candidates matching client job descriptions to help companies find the right employees more efficiently. The report discusses and analyzes the sales and marketing strategies of Business Solutions Limited, including an overview of the company, its services, and a focus on their new D-card service product.
The document provides details about Sublaxmi Gupta's summer internship project at WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH. It summarizes the Management Leadership Program (MLP) that Sublaxmi participated in. The 2-month program involved various projects, mentorship, reviews, and training. Sublaxmi gained experience in digital marketing, content creation, and operations management through projects focused on online content, social media marketing, website updates, and improving business processes. Overall, the internship provided valuable real-world experience working on strategic initiatives for an education company.
The internship report summarizes the author's 3-month internship at Standard Bank Limited in Bangladesh. The report provides an overview of the bank's mission, vision, departments and organizational culture. It describes the author's various responsibilities in general banking, accounts, and letter writing. The report discusses challenges faced, lessons learned about banking operations and personal development, and expectations met through hands-on work experience.
The document is a project report submitted by Meet Patel for their internship at Codefuel Technology Pvt Ltd. It details the development of a "Meal Planner" Android application. The report includes an introduction to Codefuel Technology, the tasks performed during the internship, an overview of the Meal Planner project including objectives, technologies used, system flow, and screenshots of the application interface. It concludes with limitations and references.
The document provides details about the internship of Dissanayake A.Y. at WSO2 Lanka (Pvt) Ltd from October 2015 to April 2016. It introduces WSO2 as a globally recognized open source software company that develops middleware products. The intern underwent training that prepared interns for work as software engineers. They learned about company culture, products, and implemented new systems. The intern gained technical and soft skills through teamwork and events. They concluded the internship helped them adapt for software engineering careers.
This is the slightly modified version of the report submitted by me to the college in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor in Business Administration course. I had submitted the same final report to Jenu mam of Mega bank as well. I tried to be as original as possible while writing this report. I want to acknowledge everyone from whom I knowingly or unknowingly burrowed ideas and images.
This document is an industrial training report from an internship at Lenovo Inc. It provides background on Lenovo as a company, describes the intern's experiences working on the e-support team, and highlights key skills and knowledge gained, including content management, HTML, time management, and teamwork. The intern learned skills like validating website content and publishing documentation that were not covered in their university coursework. Through completing tasks on schedule and communicating effectively with colleagues, the intern gained valuable experience working in an office environment.
Business Solutions Limited provides various business services and products including training programs, marketing strategies, and resume services. They offer national and international training programs conducted by professional trainers on various topics. They also assist with recruiting by providing selected resumes of qualified candidates matching client job descriptions to help companies find the right employees more efficiently. The report discusses and analyzes the sales and marketing strategies of Business Solutions Limited, including an overview of the company, its services, and a focus on their new D-card service product.
The document provides details about Sublaxmi Gupta's summer internship project at WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH. It summarizes the Management Leadership Program (MLP) that Sublaxmi participated in. The 2-month program involved various projects, mentorship, reviews, and training. Sublaxmi gained experience in digital marketing, content creation, and operations management through projects focused on online content, social media marketing, website updates, and improving business processes. Overall, the internship provided valuable real-world experience working on strategic initiatives for an education company.
The internship report summarizes the author's 3-month internship at Standard Bank Limited in Bangladesh. The report provides an overview of the bank's mission, vision, departments and organizational culture. It describes the author's various responsibilities in general banking, accounts, and letter writing. The report discusses challenges faced, lessons learned about banking operations and personal development, and expectations met through hands-on work experience.
The document is a project report submitted by Meet Patel for their internship at Codefuel Technology Pvt Ltd. It details the development of a "Meal Planner" Android application. The report includes an introduction to Codefuel Technology, the tasks performed during the internship, an overview of the Meal Planner project including objectives, technologies used, system flow, and screenshots of the application interface. It concludes with limitations and references.
The document provides details about the internship of Dissanayake A.Y. at WSO2 Lanka (Pvt) Ltd from October 2015 to April 2016. It introduces WSO2 as a globally recognized open source software company that develops middleware products. The intern underwent training that prepared interns for work as software engineers. They learned about company culture, products, and implemented new systems. The intern gained technical and soft skills through teamwork and events. They concluded the internship helped them adapt for software engineering careers.
This is the slightly modified version of the report submitted by me to the college in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor in Business Administration course. I had submitted the same final report to Jenu mam of Mega bank as well. I tried to be as original as possible while writing this report. I want to acknowledge everyone from whom I knowingly or unknowingly burrowed ideas and images.
This document is an industrial training report from an internship at Lenovo Inc. It provides background on Lenovo as a company, describes the intern's experiences working on the e-support team, and highlights key skills and knowledge gained, including content management, HTML, time management, and teamwork. The intern learned skills like validating website content and publishing documentation that were not covered in their university coursework. Through completing tasks on schedule and communicating effectively with colleagues, the intern gained valuable experience working in an office environment.
Computer Science Internship Report PDF Leena AIshadowhazard77
The document describes an internship project at Leena AI to build a notification dashboard for admins to configure trigger-based notifications and broadcast messages to users. Key features included scheduling notifications by trigger, audience, schedule and user response. Testing was done internally before production deployment. The project used React, Node.js, Redux, ContextAPI and other technologies following best practices. It allowed automating updates to company profiles and establishing coding standards for new recruits. The intern gained experience working with new technologies and in a multicultural environment.
MMU INTERNSHIP REPORT JAAYNE JEEVITA A / P RONALD ALFREDJaayneWilliam
JAAYNE JEEVITA A / P RONALD ALFRED TRIMESTER 3 2020 / 2021. This internship report serves the purpose to record the details of my industrial training which was conducted in Influasia SDN.BHD
The Internship was an excellent opportunity for me to relate my academic knowledge with the industry trend. I am really grateful to Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka for providing me this opportunity. Here is the report based on my experiences and learnings during my internship at Orion Informatics Ltd., starting from January 01 to June 30, 2014.
Tazbid Zishan Habib completed an internship at Fusion Infotech Ltd, an Oracle gold partner, to gain experience implementing Oracle ERP solutions. The internship focused on customizing the procure-to-pay module of Oracle E-Business Suite to integrate a client's business processes. Habib analyzed requirements, coded interfaces, and trained employees on the new system to help the client reduce costs and complexity compared to a traditional paper-based system. The customized ERP solution integrated purchasing, inventory management, payables, and sourcing functions to provide a more efficient procure-to-pay process.
This document is an internship report submitted by Sakib Akatar Rain to Pokhara University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report analyzes service quality delivery and its impact on customer satisfaction at Siddhartha Bank Limited in Nepal. It includes recommendations from Sakib's principal and supervisors, a declaration, acknowledgements, table of contents, and initial chapters introducing the background and objectives of the study focused on measuring service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction at Siddhartha Bank.
Summer Internship Report on Developing business promotional strategies and ma...Kartik Mehta
Mumbai University Black book of summer internship report on the topic of developing business promotional strategies and marketing through digital media and social media marketing.
Digital media are any media that are encoded in a machine-readable format. Digital media can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and preserved on computers.
Project report on consumer behavior towards digital marketingArhaam Ansari
A study of consumer behavior towards Digital Marketing. It means what is the factors which influence the consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions and also increase repeat purchasing.
This document is a 6 week summer training report submitted by Deepika Kumari, a student at Lovely Professional University. The report details her internship at Naxpar Pharma Pvt Ltd in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh from June 1-July 15, 2015. The report includes an introduction to Naxpar Pharma and describes the company's management, vision, objectives, products, and the structure of the finance department. The bulk of the report analyzes working capital management at Naxpar Pharma through comparative statements, cash flow analysis, and trend analysis.
The document is an internship report submitted by Samia Afrin to her senior lecturer, Mahtab Faruqui, about her internship at Southeast Bank Limited's Motijheel branch. The report discusses Samia's 3-month internship experience from June to September 2013, during which she studied the general banking activities at the Motijheel branch. The report includes an introduction, overview of Southeast Bank, discussion of general banking activities observed at the branch like account opening, clearing, accounts management and cash operations. It also shares Samia's experience and observations during her internship.
This is the presentation I gave to the executives on what I accomplished during my summer as an intern with InfoPrint Solutions Company. Though there were so many small pieces I worked on, my focus for the presentation was some of the larger components of my internship.
This document is Roshan Singh's internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Information Technology from Tribhuvan University. The report details his internship at Subisu Cablenet Pvt. Ltd., an Internet service provider in Kathmandu, Nepal. During his internship, Roshan gained experience configuring routers, modems, and ONU devices for customers, troubleshooting internet issues, and replacing equipment. He learned about ISP network operations and improved his technical and communication skills. The report includes worksheets documenting the tasks he completed during the internship period.
This document summarizes Dinesh Jogdand's summer internship project on studying client requirements and proposal sending at RI Infotech under the guidance of Prof. Sandeep Ponde and Mr. Siddhesh Dongare. The project involved analyzing RI Infotech's organizational structure and systems, studying their client requirement gathering and proposal processes, and making recommendations. The document includes sections on the IT industry overview, RI Infotech company overview, objectives, analysis of RI Infotech's systems, practices, the project undertaken, findings, future scope, and conclusions.
Pritika metro summer internship report a study on job satisfaction at metro w...Priyansh Kesarwani
A Study on Job Satisfaction at Metro Wholesale DC53 in Lucknow City
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Assessing the level of job satisfaction at METRO WHOLESALE.
2. To bring out the opinion and suggestion of employees benefits at METRO WHOLESALE.
3. To identify the satisfaction factors of employees.
4. To identify the perception of employees and the factors causing dissatisfaction.
5. To be informed about the concern of job satisfaction of an organization in Lucknow.
6. To study the impact of job satisfaction on organizational performance and goal achievement.
This document provides an overview of Earth Infrastructure, a real estate development company in India. It discusses the company's leadership team, vision, mission, philosophy and milestones. The company was founded over a decade ago and is backed by investors from India and Europe. It aims to deliver innovative and green projects focused on customer satisfaction. The company has a team of experienced marketing and management professionals and a dedicated customer care center.
This document is a summer practice report submitted by an electrical engineering student named Cem Recai ÇIRAK. The report details the student's 4-week summer internship at OKIDA Electronics, a Turkish company that develops electronic modules for appliances and security systems. During the internship, the student familiarized themselves with electrical components like bridge diodes and relays. They also learned soldering techniques and tested prototypes for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal performance. The report provides an overview of the company and a description of the work the student performed in OKIDA's research and development department during their summer internship.
The document summarizes the cooperative assignment of Arwa Alamri at Saudi Aramco. It discusses her work in the Enterprise Architecture unit serving under the EXPEC Computing Planning & Technology Division. Key activities included mapping ECC business processes using the MEGA tool, validating SDLC processes, and ensuring roles and responsibilities are defined for each process. The assignment provided valuable experience in enterprise architecture, business process management, and gaining insights into working in a large organization.
The existing outage management system has several limitations:
1. It uses in-house tools to extract data from the distribution management system and Excel to calculate reliability metrics, which takes weeks to generate canned reports with no flexibility.
2. The calculation of reliability indices is a manual process that requires examining each event, increasing reporting time.
3. There is no system to calculate reliability metrics and prioritize work based on outages, nor to notify high management of major outages impacting many customers.
The client needs a new outage management system to more accurately and efficiently calculate reliability indices, generate flexible reports, and notify stakeholders of significant outages.
This document provides an overview of departments within PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited). It discusses the organizational structure, mission, subsidiaries, and products/services of PTCL. Regarding departments, it focuses on describing the functions of the Finance Department. The Finance Department is further divided into various sub-departments that handle tasks like accounting, budgeting, taxation, and funds generation. The document also includes chapters on the author's internship activities, financial analysis of PTCL, a SWOT analysis, and conclusions/recommendations.
Audiometry is a procedure used to measure hearing acuity through the use of an audiometer. It is more precise than tuning fork tests and provides quantitative measurements of a person's lowest level of intensity at which they can hear particular tones or frequencies. The procedure involves placing headphones on a subject seated in a soundproof room and checking their response to sounds of varying intensities at different frequencies presented to each ear separately. The results are recorded on an audiogram to graphically represent the subject's hearing abilities.
Computer Science Internship Report PDF Leena AIshadowhazard77
The document describes an internship project at Leena AI to build a notification dashboard for admins to configure trigger-based notifications and broadcast messages to users. Key features included scheduling notifications by trigger, audience, schedule and user response. Testing was done internally before production deployment. The project used React, Node.js, Redux, ContextAPI and other technologies following best practices. It allowed automating updates to company profiles and establishing coding standards for new recruits. The intern gained experience working with new technologies and in a multicultural environment.
MMU INTERNSHIP REPORT JAAYNE JEEVITA A / P RONALD ALFREDJaayneWilliam
JAAYNE JEEVITA A / P RONALD ALFRED TRIMESTER 3 2020 / 2021. This internship report serves the purpose to record the details of my industrial training which was conducted in Influasia SDN.BHD
The Internship was an excellent opportunity for me to relate my academic knowledge with the industry trend. I am really grateful to Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka for providing me this opportunity. Here is the report based on my experiences and learnings during my internship at Orion Informatics Ltd., starting from January 01 to June 30, 2014.
Tazbid Zishan Habib completed an internship at Fusion Infotech Ltd, an Oracle gold partner, to gain experience implementing Oracle ERP solutions. The internship focused on customizing the procure-to-pay module of Oracle E-Business Suite to integrate a client's business processes. Habib analyzed requirements, coded interfaces, and trained employees on the new system to help the client reduce costs and complexity compared to a traditional paper-based system. The customized ERP solution integrated purchasing, inventory management, payables, and sourcing functions to provide a more efficient procure-to-pay process.
This document is an internship report submitted by Sakib Akatar Rain to Pokhara University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report analyzes service quality delivery and its impact on customer satisfaction at Siddhartha Bank Limited in Nepal. It includes recommendations from Sakib's principal and supervisors, a declaration, acknowledgements, table of contents, and initial chapters introducing the background and objectives of the study focused on measuring service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction at Siddhartha Bank.
Summer Internship Report on Developing business promotional strategies and ma...Kartik Mehta
Mumbai University Black book of summer internship report on the topic of developing business promotional strategies and marketing through digital media and social media marketing.
Digital media are any media that are encoded in a machine-readable format. Digital media can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and preserved on computers.
Project report on consumer behavior towards digital marketingArhaam Ansari
A study of consumer behavior towards Digital Marketing. It means what is the factors which influence the consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions and also increase repeat purchasing.
This document is a 6 week summer training report submitted by Deepika Kumari, a student at Lovely Professional University. The report details her internship at Naxpar Pharma Pvt Ltd in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh from June 1-July 15, 2015. The report includes an introduction to Naxpar Pharma and describes the company's management, vision, objectives, products, and the structure of the finance department. The bulk of the report analyzes working capital management at Naxpar Pharma through comparative statements, cash flow analysis, and trend analysis.
The document is an internship report submitted by Samia Afrin to her senior lecturer, Mahtab Faruqui, about her internship at Southeast Bank Limited's Motijheel branch. The report discusses Samia's 3-month internship experience from June to September 2013, during which she studied the general banking activities at the Motijheel branch. The report includes an introduction, overview of Southeast Bank, discussion of general banking activities observed at the branch like account opening, clearing, accounts management and cash operations. It also shares Samia's experience and observations during her internship.
This is the presentation I gave to the executives on what I accomplished during my summer as an intern with InfoPrint Solutions Company. Though there were so many small pieces I worked on, my focus for the presentation was some of the larger components of my internship.
This document is Roshan Singh's internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Information Technology from Tribhuvan University. The report details his internship at Subisu Cablenet Pvt. Ltd., an Internet service provider in Kathmandu, Nepal. During his internship, Roshan gained experience configuring routers, modems, and ONU devices for customers, troubleshooting internet issues, and replacing equipment. He learned about ISP network operations and improved his technical and communication skills. The report includes worksheets documenting the tasks he completed during the internship period.
This document summarizes Dinesh Jogdand's summer internship project on studying client requirements and proposal sending at RI Infotech under the guidance of Prof. Sandeep Ponde and Mr. Siddhesh Dongare. The project involved analyzing RI Infotech's organizational structure and systems, studying their client requirement gathering and proposal processes, and making recommendations. The document includes sections on the IT industry overview, RI Infotech company overview, objectives, analysis of RI Infotech's systems, practices, the project undertaken, findings, future scope, and conclusions.
Pritika metro summer internship report a study on job satisfaction at metro w...Priyansh Kesarwani
A Study on Job Satisfaction at Metro Wholesale DC53 in Lucknow City
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Assessing the level of job satisfaction at METRO WHOLESALE.
2. To bring out the opinion and suggestion of employees benefits at METRO WHOLESALE.
3. To identify the satisfaction factors of employees.
4. To identify the perception of employees and the factors causing dissatisfaction.
5. To be informed about the concern of job satisfaction of an organization in Lucknow.
6. To study the impact of job satisfaction on organizational performance and goal achievement.
This document provides an overview of Earth Infrastructure, a real estate development company in India. It discusses the company's leadership team, vision, mission, philosophy and milestones. The company was founded over a decade ago and is backed by investors from India and Europe. It aims to deliver innovative and green projects focused on customer satisfaction. The company has a team of experienced marketing and management professionals and a dedicated customer care center.
This document is a summer practice report submitted by an electrical engineering student named Cem Recai ÇIRAK. The report details the student's 4-week summer internship at OKIDA Electronics, a Turkish company that develops electronic modules for appliances and security systems. During the internship, the student familiarized themselves with electrical components like bridge diodes and relays. They also learned soldering techniques and tested prototypes for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal performance. The report provides an overview of the company and a description of the work the student performed in OKIDA's research and development department during their summer internship.
The document summarizes the cooperative assignment of Arwa Alamri at Saudi Aramco. It discusses her work in the Enterprise Architecture unit serving under the EXPEC Computing Planning & Technology Division. Key activities included mapping ECC business processes using the MEGA tool, validating SDLC processes, and ensuring roles and responsibilities are defined for each process. The assignment provided valuable experience in enterprise architecture, business process management, and gaining insights into working in a large organization.
The existing outage management system has several limitations:
1. It uses in-house tools to extract data from the distribution management system and Excel to calculate reliability metrics, which takes weeks to generate canned reports with no flexibility.
2. The calculation of reliability indices is a manual process that requires examining each event, increasing reporting time.
3. There is no system to calculate reliability metrics and prioritize work based on outages, nor to notify high management of major outages impacting many customers.
The client needs a new outage management system to more accurately and efficiently calculate reliability indices, generate flexible reports, and notify stakeholders of significant outages.
This document provides an overview of departments within PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited). It discusses the organizational structure, mission, subsidiaries, and products/services of PTCL. Regarding departments, it focuses on describing the functions of the Finance Department. The Finance Department is further divided into various sub-departments that handle tasks like accounting, budgeting, taxation, and funds generation. The document also includes chapters on the author's internship activities, financial analysis of PTCL, a SWOT analysis, and conclusions/recommendations.
Audiometry is a procedure used to measure hearing acuity through the use of an audiometer. It is more precise than tuning fork tests and provides quantitative measurements of a person's lowest level of intensity at which they can hear particular tones or frequencies. The procedure involves placing headphones on a subject seated in a soundproof room and checking their response to sounds of varying intensities at different frequencies presented to each ear separately. The results are recorded on an audiogram to graphically represent the subject's hearing abilities.
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com US-019YRD product from Launch 3 Telecom. It describes how to purchase the product via phone, email, or by filling out a request for quote form online. It also provides information about Launch 3 Telecom's payment options, same day shipping, order tracking, warranty, and additional services offered like repairs.
This document provides information about the 3Com 75Y5629 LCD cable harness. It describes how to purchase the product from Launch 3 Telecom, including payment and shipping options. It also provides details about Launch 3 Telecom's warranty, repair services, and other telecom solutions.
El documento habla sobre los poliedros convexos y no convexos, incluyendo los poliedros regulares como los platónicos y los arquimedianos, así como los poliedros de caras no regulares. También proporciona un enlace a una presentación en Prezi que contiene más detalles sobre los diferentes tipos de poliedros.
This presentation provides complete study ofcredit risk management,how it was performed in yester years ,how it is taken care nowadays and what is the road ahead in future
This document provides information about purchasing a 3Com 3300-10047 product. It describes how to purchase the product through their website or by phone and email. It also provides details about payment options, same day shipping, tracking, and their product warranty. Additional services offered by Launch 3 Telecom include repair, maintenance contracts, de-installation, storage, and testing of telecom equipment.
Report of the Belgian Working Group on Heart Failure & Take home messagesPierre Troisfontaines
The document summarizes the 36th Annual Congress of the Belgian Society of Cardiology held on February 9-10, 2017. It discusses the president and board members of the society, their active working groups which include over 35 cardiologists, collaboration with other organizations, and regular board meetings. The congress included presentations on the new 2016 ESC Heart Failure guidelines, two clinical cases applying the guidelines, and the best abstract presented on the prevalence of iron deficiency in heart failure patients. The document also summarizes the Belgian Working Group on Heart Failure's initiatives in recent years which include regional educational meetings, awareness campaigns, and advocating for heart failure policies to authorities.
Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country comprised of two parts separated by the South China Sea. It has a multi-ethnic population and was previously under British rule. The capital is Kuala Lumpur and the country has a diverse landscape ranging from rainforests to islands. Tourism is a major industry in Malaysia, with attractions including beaches, mountains, islands, and cities featuring a mix of cultural influences.
La ley regula el proceso de transferencia de gestión administrativa entre autoridades regionales y locales sucesivas con el fin de facilitar la continuidad del servicio público de manera transparente. Se establece que tanto la autoridad saliente como la entrante deben participar obligatoriamente en el proceso a través de una comisión de transferencia. El informe de transferencia debe incluir información sobre documentación, bienes, proyectos, asuntos pendientes y otros componentes clave de la administración.
Abraham kuyper a minha glória não darei a outremCMAFA
1) Abraham Kuyper foi um líder político e teológico holandês que lutou contra a influência do liberalismo na Igreja e sociedade. 2) Ele fundou a Universidade Livre para promover uma educação cristã e combater as ideias seculares. 3) Kuyper acreditava que Cristo é soberano em todas as esferas da vida e defendeu uma visão política que limitava o poder do Estado.
1) O documento discute a vida e obra do cientista francês Blaise Pascal, notando suas contribuições à matemática, física e filosofia.
2) Pascal revelou gênio precoce nas ciências apesar de inicialmente ser impedido pelo pai de estudá-las. Ele fez importantes descobertas em geometria projetiva e hidrostática.
3) Pascal viveu intensamente, buscando a verdade em todas as áreas. Suas reflexões filosóficas e teológicas sobre a condição humana ainda
El documento habla sobre los poliedros convexos y no convexos, incluyendo los poliedros regulares como los platónicos y los arquimedianos, así como los poliedros de caras no regulares. También proporciona un enlace a una presentación en Prezi que contiene más detalles sobre los diferentes tipos de poliedros.
Este documento resume la historia y desarrollo de las pruebas psicológicas desde hace más de 4000 años hasta la actualidad. Explica que las pruebas se desarrollaron a través de los trabajos de Darwin, Galton y Cattell sobre las diferencias individuales, y de Weber y Wundt. También describe importantes pruebas creadas como el Army Alpha y Beta de Yerkes, la prueba Stanford-Binet de 1916 y el MMPI de 1949. Finalmente, distingue tres tipos de escalas usadas en las pruebas: escala ordinal, intervalar y
The Business Value of Metadata for Data GovernanceRoland Bullivant
In today’s digital economy, data drives the core processes that deliver profitability and growth - from marketing, to finance, to sales, supply chain, and more. It is also likely that for many large organizations much of their key data is retained in application packages from SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Salesforce and others. In order to ensure that their foundational data infrastructure runs smoothly, most organizations have adopted a data governance initiative. These typically focus on the people and processes around managing data and information. Without an actionable link to the physical systems that run key business processes, however, governance programs can often lack the ‘teeth’ to effectively implement business change.
Metadata management is a process that can link business processes and drivers with the technical applications that support them. This makes data governance actionable and relevant in today’s fast-paced and results-driven business environment. One of the challenges facing data governance teams however, is the variety in format, accessibility and complexity of metadata across the organization’s systems.
This document proposes a new encryption algorithm called Byte Rotation Encryption Algorithm (BREA). BREA is a symmetric key, block cipher that encrypts fixed-length blocks of 16 bytes using byte rotation and a randomly generated 16 byte key matrix. It employs a multithreading model to encrypt blocks in parallel, improving encryption speed. The algorithm assigns numbers 1-26 to letters, adds the plaintext and key matrices, then rotates rows and columns before replacing values with letters to generate the ciphertext. BREA is designed to be faster and require fewer resources than previous algorithms while still providing secure encryption.
PTCL provides various telecommunication services in Pakistan including landline, Vfone, Ufone, broadband, and EVO wireless. As the largest telecom company, PTCL offers landline services for local, long distance, and international calls. It also provides corporate services and solutions like toll free numbers, virtual private networks, and ISDN lines. Additionally, PTCL has mobile subsidiaries like Vfone and Ufone, and offers broadband and wireless internet through various plans and packages.
Sana Ahmed completed a 6-week internship at Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL) from July to August 2012. PTCL is a leading telecommunications company in Pakistan that provides fixed line services, broadband internet, and wholesale mobile services. During her internship, Sana worked in PTCL's finance department and gained experience with tasks like bill processing, bank reconciliation, taxation calculations, and using their SAP software system. She provided an overview of PTCL's history and organizational structure.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
PTCL is Pakistan's primary telecommunications company with a history dating back to 1947. It has grown significantly over the years and now has the largest telecommunications network in Pakistan. The report provides an overview of PTCL's organizational structure, technical network, services offered, financial performance, competitors and subsidiaries. It highlights PTCL's continued efforts to improve and expand its network through investments in new technologies and infrastructure to meet growing demand.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a project report on Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's largest public sector telecommunications company. It outlines the objectives of studying BSNL's operations, methodology used involving secondary and primary data, and limitations around unauthorized primary data collection. An industrial and company profile of BSNL is also provided, highlighting its role, services, and position as the largest telecom provider in India except for Delhi and Mumbai.
The document summarizes PTCL's history and operations. It discusses how PTCL evolved from Pakistan Post & Telegraph department, which started with only 12,346 telephone lines. It was later separated into different organizations over time, including Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation and eventually Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). PTCL now operates fixed and wireless services across Pakistan and has subsidiaries like Ufone and Paknet. The document also provides details about PTCL's technical requirements for its packet transport network and switching operations.
The document provides an overview of PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited). It discusses PTCL's history, vision, mission, nationwide infrastructure including fiber optic backbone and international submarine cable connections. It describes the services PTCL provides such as broadband, V-fone wireless services, and carrier services to other operators. The document also outlines PTCL's nationwide structure and main offices across Pakistan.
The document provides details about the internship of Muhammad Farhan at PTCL during their summer internship program. It discusses his placements in the WLL Optimization and Corporate Support departments.
The WLL Optimization department monitors wireless network parameters using software to diagnose and address faults. They conduct tests to measure wireless signal strength. If issues require hardware repairs, they report to operations teams.
The Corporate Support department acts as a liaison between PTCL and corporate customers. They arrange communication packages for companies. It is an important aspect as many firms require these services and PTCL is a major provider.
Overall, the internship provided practical experience applying concepts learned theoretically. It also gave insights into managerial practices in a corporate
This document provides details about the internship of Sehrish Kanwal at PTCL in the Accounts and Finance department. It includes an overview of PTCL, describing its history, objectives, organizational structure, products/services. The work description section outlines tasks performed in the Accounts department, including preparing financial ratios and analyses. It also discusses PTCL's customer types and the roles of different finance-related departments within the organization.
Pakistan telecommunication company limited assignmentAli Shah
PTCL provides telecommunication services in Pakistan. It was established in 1947 as Pakistan Post and Telegraph and was later reorganized and privatized. In the 1990s, it was converted into a statutory corporation called Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation and then privatized further by listing on stock exchanges. In 2005, Emirates Telecommunication Corporation acquired a 26% stake in PTCL, making it the largest shareholder. PTCL has an organizational structure with the CEO at the top, followed by various departments including marketing, finance, engineering and human resources. The human resources department plays an important role in managing employees, from job analysis and recruitment to training and development.
Pakistan telecommunication company limited assignmentAli Shah
PTCL is Pakistan's primary telecommunication company established in 1947. It was privatized in the 1990s and transformed into Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation in 1990 and then Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited in 1996. In 2005, ETISALAT, a UAE telecom company, acquired a 26% stake in PTCL, making it the largest shareholder. PTCL's HR department aims to meet the company and employee needs through recruitment, training, compensation and benefits programs. Key functions include job analysis, descriptions and specifications, internal and external hiring processes, and on- and off-the-job training programs. Outsourcing is also used for some departments and employees.
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The document is an internship report on Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). It provides an overview of PTCL's history, organizational structure, products and services, departments and their workings, and a financial analysis including ratios and a SWOT analysis. The author completed an 8-week internship in PTCL's Interconnect Revenue Department from June to August 2010. The report is intended to provide readers with an understanding of PTCL's operations and practices in Pakistan.
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This document provides a strategic analysis of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). It begins with an overview of PTCL's history, vision, mission and core values. It then analyzes PTCL's corporate and business strategies, including growth initiatives, cost differentiation, and product differentiation. Next, it evaluates PTCL's functional strategies relating to human resources, marketing and finances. It performs external analyses including PEST, Five Forces and SWOT. It also includes a value chain analysis and proposes a strategy of product line development to address PTCL's declining position. The analysis provides insights into PTCL's business at both strategic and operational levels.
- Customer satisfaction is determined by how well a company meets or exceeds a customer's expectations. It is the result of comparing perceived performance to expectations.
- Mobile phone companies need to satisfy both individual and corporate customers. Meeting diverse expectations is important.
- Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty and repeat business over time. Companies aim to understand what satisfies and dissatisfies customers.
- Factors like friendly employees, quality service, competitive pricing, and accurate billing impact customer satisfaction. Getting these right results in very satisfied customers.
- Customer satisfaction is positively correlated with high product and service quality. Quality is delivering a level of service that meets or exceeds
This document provides a SWOT analysis of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL). It begins with a brief history of PTCL and introduces the company. It then outlines PTCL's strengths such as being the oldest telecom company in Pakistan and having a large landline network. Weaknesses include poor quality of service and low employee morale. Opportunities include expanding into new markets and adopting new technologies. Threats include strong competition and political instability. The document concludes with strategies under each quadrant of the SWOT matrix, such as leveraging PTCL's brand to increase market share under the S-O strategies.
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Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
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"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
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- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
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Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
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The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
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AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
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Internship report
1. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 1
6 WEEKS INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION LIMITED
SUBMITTED TO:
Regional General Manager
(Peshawar)
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the internship
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED
SUBMITTED BY:
Momina Bibi
ROLL NO 14-PWELE-4468
UET peshawar
2. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 2
DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to my Sons ,
Parents and teachers who took initiative and
Did grim struggle for my education and
Always stress on me to utilize my time .
3. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 3
AKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I want to express all my humble thanks to ALLAH who is very
sensitive about each and every activity Of all his man and without whose help, I
am unable to accomplish any objective in my life. Secondly, I am great full to my
worthy and devoted teacher Director HAJI AMAN ULLAH AWAN Sahib for
providing me the Opportunity of doing internship in PTCL. I am also thankful to all
other Teachers as the knowledge imparted by them Enable me to study the
organization in a best way. I am also thankful to my friend MISS KALSOOM who
help me in any problem in the preparation of internship report. I am also thankful
to all staff of PTCL, for their valuable guidance and
Support throughout the internship period. Further all other executives and staff
Members of PTCL deserve my thankfulness For their cooperation and guidance
during
the course of my internship.
Momina Bibi
BS (ELEC) (COMM)
4. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE NO
Preface…………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgments………………………………………………………..ii
Executive summary………………………………………………………iii
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
Introduction to PTCL......................................................................................2
Historical Background PTCL……………………………………………..3
Mission statement of PTCL ...........................................................................4
Strategic vision of PTCL.................................................................................4
Objectives of PTCL..........................................................................................5
management.....................................................................................................5
board of directors
…………………………………………………………..6
subsidiaries of PTCL ………………………………………………………
7
CHAPTER-2
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF PTCL
Organizational structure..............................................................................11
Orgganizational structure of ITIO..............................................................12
Products and services...................................................................................14
CHAPTER-3 DEPARTMENTS OF PTCL
Human resource management....................................................................17
Finance department ......................................................................................18
Commercial department..............................................................................19
Operational department...............................................................................19
Technical department...................................................................................19
5. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 5
IT department ................................................................................................19
Corporate development department.........................................................20
Special projects department.........................................................................20
Structure of the finance department ..........................................................20
Functions of the finance department .........................................................21
Finance system of the organization............................................................21
Generation of funds.......................................................................................23
CHPTER-4 MY ACTIVITIES IN PTCL OMC DEPARTMENT
Window installation………………………………………………….. 25
Outlook configuration……………………………………………… 26
Archiv setting………………………………………………………. 27
Cabling……………………………………………………………… 28
User complaint Handling…………………………………………. 30
CHAPTER-5 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Index analysis………………………………………………………...,,,,,,35
Common size analysis..................................................................................41
Ratio analysis .................................................................................................42
CHAPTER-6 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths .........................................................................................................51
Weaknesses.....................................................................................................52
Opportunities.................................................................................................54
Threats.............................................................................................................55
CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion......................................................................................................60
6. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 6
Recommendations.........................................................................................61
7. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 7
PREFACE
The essential requirement for the completion of BBA degree is to take Eight weeks
internship training with an organization of National/international repute and to write a
report on it. The purpose of this training is to acquaint the student with practical
knowledge of working in the organization.
The department directed me to “PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY
LIMITED” I tried my best to present all of my findings in this Report, while visiting
various departments of PTCL and gained practically too much knowledge of telecom
sector. It was realized that, there is great difference between theory and practice. At the
end I expect that this report will help the reader to understand the various
problems/suggestions, methods and procedures that are in Practice in “PAKISTAN
TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED”.
8. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 8
EXECUTIVE SUMAARY
The report has been divided into six chapters, which are in the following order;
First chapter includes a brief history of PTCL, its mission, strategic vision, core values
and objectives and at the end describes the subsidiaries maintained by PTCL
Second chapter describes organization structure and detail discussion about products and
services provided by PTCL. It also describes marketing strategy of PTCL in a brief way.
Third chapter describes different departments in PTCL but a special concentration is
made on finance department. Shows that how finance department is further divided into
various departments and what are its functions.
Fourth chapter deals with the financial analysis of the company i.e. vertical, horizontal
analysis, ratio analysis.
Fifth chapter contains SWOT analysis of PTCL.
Sixth chapter contains conclusion and recommendations.
9. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 9
CHAPTER # 1
INTRODUCTION
PTCL
PTCL is a largest telecommunications provide in Pakistan. PTCL also continues to be the
largest CDMA operator in the country with 0.8 million V-fone customers. The company
maintains a leading position in Pakistan as infrastructure provider to other telecom
operators and corporate customers of the country. It has the potential to be an
instrumental agent in Pakistan’s economic growth .PTCL has laid an optical Fiber Access
Net work in the major metropolitan centers of Pakistan and local loop services have
started to be modernized and upgraded from copper to an optical network. On the long
distance and international infrastructure side, the capacity of two SEA-ME-WE
submarine cable is being expanded to meet the increasing demand of international traffic.
With the promulgation of Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Act 1996, the Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority was established as the Telecom Regulatory body.
Following the open licensing policy in BUY @ PKR 45.40accordance with the
instructions of Government of Pakistan and in exercise of powers conferred by Pakistan
Telecommunication (Re-Organization) Act 1996, the basic telephony was put under
exclusivity and PTCL was given a seven years monopoly over basic telephony which
ended by December 31,2002. The years 2006-7 in the telecom sector witnessed a
phenomenal So far PTCL is the sole land line service provide of Pakistan. PTCL is the
giant of growth in the mobile phone sector in Pakistan which doubled its subscriber base
to 60 million. The Teledensity increased from 26% to 40helping to spread to benefits of
communication technology across the country. PTCL’s mobile phone subsidiary Ufone’
subscriber base grew by more then 87% from 7.49 million to 14 million.
10. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 10
The year also witnessed the entry of major telecom companies, most notable China
Telecom and Singtel, into the market. Restructuring and re-engineering are in their final
stages along with the implementation of ERP system. From the end customer’s
Perspective, a major initiative was put in place in the shape of Broadband Pakistan
service launch as a first step towards providing its customer with more value added
service and convenience. With this offering. The PTCL not only bringing the benefit of
high speed internet access to subscribers in major cities but will also generate new
revenue streams for future growth. The company also continued to invest in
1
Infrastructure development and addition of network capacity with a view to enhance
services and to expand its reach across the country.
Historical Background
1947 Posts & Telegraph Dept. established
1962 Pakistan Telegraph & Telephone Deptt.
1990-91 Pakistan Telecom Corporation
ALIS: 850,000
Waiting list: 900,000 Epansion Program of 900,000 lines initiated
(500,000 lines by Private Sector Participation
400,000 lines PTC/GOP own resources).
1995 About 5 % of PTSL assets transferred to PTA, FAB & NTC
1996 PTCL Formed listed on all Stock Exchanges of Pakistan
1998 Mobile & Internet subsidiaries established
2000 Telecom Policy Finalized
2003 Telecom Deregulation Policy Announced
2005 26 & Shares by Etisalat UAE through open bidding
11. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 11
Vision
“To be the leading information and communication technology service provide in the
region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholder value”
Mission
To achieve our mission by having:
An organization environment that posters professionalism; motivation and
quality.
Quality and time conscious customer service.
Sustained growth in earnings and profitability.
Core value
Professional Integrity.
Customer satisfaction.
Team work.
Company legality.
Corporate information.
2
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF PTCL
Objectives are the ends towards which activity is aimed. These are the results to be
achieved. Pakistan Telecommunication Company limited states its objectives as under
1. To provide quality services to its customers in Pakistan.
2. To provide maximum satisfaction to its customers by using the latest technology.
3. To increase the worth of owners.
4. To lead the telecommunication industry in Pakistan.
1.5 SUBSIDIARIES OF PTCL
Paknet
12. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 12
Paknet is a fully owned subsidiary of PTCL. Technical assets and staff were carved out of
PTCL to Paknet, to help new company to meet the competitive market. The staff, thus
transferred had requisite experience and expertise in internet and data communication
field. However most of the employees have been hired from private sector. The recently
reconstituted board of directors of Paknet comprises senior and experienced
professionals nominated by PTCL board.
Pak Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML)
In today’s changing trends in the telecom sector, all global telecom have strong cellular
networks either directly or through subsidiaries. While keeping this in mind there was a
need for PTCL to have its own cellular service. Pak Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML), a
wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL, was created. The company commenced its operations
under the brand name of Ufone from Islamabad in January 2001 and subsequently
extended its coverage to other cities. Presently Ufone’s network covers more than 750
cities, towns and major highways of the country. During this last year Ufone successfully
completed its US $170 million phase IV network expansion consequently the asset base
of the company has increased from 20 billion to Rs.27 billion.
As for the company’s approved business plan, Ufone was expected to close its first
financial year (ending June 30, 2001) with about 30,000 customers but Ufone achieved
over 100,000 customers by June 2001.Now during this financial year (ending June 30,
2006) Ufone has increased its customers from 2.58 to 6.34 million.
Telephone Industry of Pakistan (Tip)
Telephone industries of Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd Haripur was incorporated as a private limited
company in 1953 by Gop with the collaboration of Siemens AG.germany.the company is
managed by Board of Directors having 8 directors on the board, six from PTCL and two
from Simens A.G.Germany. The company started production of Telephone sets. With the
passage of time and with the change in technology, its capacity has increased in addition
it was also producing Contains, Exchanges, distribution boxes, Divisional Cabinets and
Drop wire.
13. Internship Report On PTCL
Page 13
The company was having marketing limitations and lakeluster approach predominantly
for reasons of legacy and due to its remote location.
Paid up capital of the company is Rs.759753 million and turn over was depending upon
orders from PTCL, NTC, SCO and WAPDA.
Carrier Telephone Industries (CTI)
Carrier Telephone Industries (CTI) was incorporated as a private limited company in the
public sector in 1969 in collaboration with Pakistan telecommunication Company
Limited and Siemens AG, Germany. CTI was established to acquire, develop and
produce latest state-of-the-art equipment in the field of transmission technologies,
electronics and other telecommunication areas. It provides a sophisticated technology
base for the country. Today CTI is manufacturing SDH transmission equipment,
Multiplexing products, Optical Fiber and Digital Radio Systems. In addition it has also
ventured in the manufacturing of Microwave Gid Parabolic Antennae, PABX and Pai
Gain System. It has recently started assembly of personal Computers, besides selling
other Electro-mechanical accessories, measuring instruments and other products. The
company employs latest manufacturing techniques i.e. Surface Mounting Technology
(SMT) for mounting components and its robotics arms/machines provides excellent
support for after sales services. It is equipped to train and fully support its customers.
CTI was privatized in November 2005 as part of the PTCL privatization commitment.
PTCL’s equity investment of Rs.8 million was sold for Rs.500 million to Siemens AG.the
privatization commission has not yet released the proceeds of this sale to PTCL. The
company had earned a current year profit of Rs.2 million before privatization in
November 2005
18. Internship Report On PTCL
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2.5 Products and Services of PTCL
The product and services that PTL is providing to its customers are as follows.
Prepaid calling cards
PTCL prepaid calling cards gives nation wide access with international facility. It comes
in easily affordable denominations of Rs.100, 250, 500, 1000 & 2000. These cards are
easily available throughout the country and it is easy to use it from any PTCL digital
phone. Customer has to pay neither line rent nor bill. In November 2003 PTCL launched
100 denomination prepaid calling card with advanced features5
.
Aasan prepaid telephony
Aasan phone is a landline prepaid telephony service, launched in May 2004. This service
works just like the other prepaid services where accounts are recharged with a prepaid
phone card. The prime objective of this service is to facilitate the customer in getting a
new connection with minimal documentation. Aasan cards are available in Rs.500, 1000
and Rs.2000 denominations.
Toll Free Service (0800)
This service is available to corporate customers for their customer’s convenience. It
provides corporate customers with effective and dynamic telemarketing tool.
Telemarketing is becoming the most popular way of marketing around the world as
selling products and services on the phone is the most economical i.e. you reach more
customers in minimum time. Toll free numbers start with 0800. Customers can call the
company on toll free number with out any cost.
Universal Internet Number (UIN)
Due to the boom in telecom sector ISPs continue to mushroom at around the country.
UIN is a number starting with 131 used for accessing internet e.g. 13199199. UIN
number is assigned to each ISP by PTA. The call dialed is charged as one local call
irrespective of its duration. Internet service in Pakistan has constantly improved due to
the technological advancements.
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Installation charges for UIN is Rs.20, 000 while recurring charges are received in
advance on quarter basis at Rs.3000 plus 15% GST per quarter per number. NTR-1 has
shown billing of Rs.255, 000 while received Rs.96, 000.
Premium rate service (0900)
0900 numbers are used throughout the world to provide information via telephone at a
premium rate higher the regular call charges. In case of these calls 60% of the total
revenue goes to the company called while 40% is transferred to PTCL.
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
DSL stands for digital subscriber line. With the help of DSL a customer can enjoy Fax
and Internet facility without keeping their normal telephone number busy. Customer can
enjoy voice chat from telephone with high speed. It is of different band width 64kbps,
128, 256 and of1024kbps. PTCL does not sells this directly to the ultimate customers but
sell it to the ISPs like Paknet, Comsat, Micronet, Cybernet, Dancom etc. PTCL charges
ISPs on the basis of their customers. PTCL charges either Rs.217 per connection per
month from ISPs when they give connection or 5 % of the total bill for which ISPs
charge their customer depending upon the contract signed between PTCL and ISP. In the
second case the ISP is required to send a copy of all the customers’ bills to the PTCL
revenue department.
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CHAPTER 3
DEPARTMENTS OF PTCL
Every organization is divided into definite departments. Each department performs
different kind of jobs and requires staff with specialized skills to handle particular job.
This increases the efficiency of workers and makes `
The PTCL Head Quarters is comprised of several departments. The division is made on
the basis of function they perform. Hence it can be concluded that PTCL has adopted the
policy of functional departmentalization. The main departments of PTCL are mentioned
below.
1. Human Resource Management Dept.
2. Finance Dept.
3. Commercial Dept.
4. Operational Dept.
5. Technical Dept.
6. IT Dept.
7. Corporate Affairs Dept.
8. Special Projects Dept.
3.1 Human resource management
It is a huge organization and being considered as one of the biggest company in
Pakistan.
It has more than 56,000 employees and a huge network of organizational
management has been spread throughout the country.
PTCL is engaging a substantial number of experts and specialists of standing caliber
in different spheres of profession.
Job analysis and revision of jobs description was undertaken for improving the
performance standards.
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To meet the future challenging situations in the face of privatization and post
monopoly challenges, a corporate culture and competitive environment has to be
developed, for which all the available resources have been taped.
Special training courses and workshops have been conducted for the top and middle
management through reputed organizations like LUMS.
Efforts are being made to improve productivity and efficiency of the Company while
emphasis is also being placed on effective management employees relationship and
better line of communications to achieve corporate goals
3.2 Finance department
This department is divided into following three sub-sections:
Finance
Accounts
Revenue
The Finance Wing deals with the revenue matters of the company & the Accounts
Wing is responsible for proper book–keeping of the financial transactions, commercial
audit & preparation of periodic accounts of the company. The Accounts Office of
PTCL is in Lahore.
Finance is the backbone of every organization because without finance any
organization can’t run its business. It plays an important role in determining the long-
term objectives and evaluating the feasibility of the business. The financial activities
of PTCL have been split up into three major branches: Finance, Accounts & Revenue.
The details regarding this section will be covered in finance section with reference to
my project
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3.3 Commercial Department
Commercial section with qualified/experienced staff is being established.
Company section is taking both short-term and long-term view of emerging trends of
highly competitive markets as its monopoly is coming to an end.
It analyzes all the possible Company options, i.e. introducing new services, adopting
new technologies to maintain the leading role in the sector and preserve its dominant
position in the industry.
The Company likes to reiterate that it will continue to play a prominent role in
Telecom sector of Pakistan.
It considers that one of the most important aspects of the forthcoming competitive
environment is pricing of products and services.
The new paradigm would require cost-based services with thin-profit margins but
higher volumes. Inherently, PTCL services were not cost-based. There were in-built
subsidies and long distance calls, both domestic and international, were highly priced.
The Company, therefore, evolved strategies of gradual price rationalization
Commercial department should try to make PTCL the most profitable organization,
which should generate a great deal of revenue in local & foreign currency.
3.4 Operational Department
Manages operations of PTCL HQ, with regional offices, branches, and, subsidiaries as
well as with other corporations.
3.5 Technical Department
This department is engaged in the management and control of technical aspects of the
company, e.g. technical manpower, technical training, technical equipment, etc.
3.6 IT Department
This department is established to introduce new and advance technology in PTCL. Due to
IT department working system is to converted in a computerized system.
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3.7 Corporate Development Department
This department deal corporate level issues such as PTA, International Telecom Union,
Legal and Regulatory affairs etc.
3.8 Special Projects Department
This department is doing their activities on behalf of president.
3.9 STRUCTURE OF THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Initially, Finance Department was supervised by GM but after the recent change in
management structure, Finance Department of PTCL is headed by Senior Executive Vice
President (Finance), who is responsible for accounting and finance functions of the
organization. The Senior Executive Vice President is the head of Accounts Department
and the Vice Executive President Finance is the head of Finance Department.
Diagram 3.1
Hierarchal Structure of Finance Department
GM(Stores) GM(Accouns)
EVP(Accounts)
GM(Finance)
EVP(Finance)
GM(Revenue)
EVP(Revenue)
SENIOR VICE EXECUTIVE PRESIDENT
Senior Vice Executive President (Finance)
Executive Vice President (Accounts)
Executive Vice President (Finance)
Executive Vice President (Revenue)
General Manager (Store)
General Manager (Accounts)
General Manager (Finance)
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General Manager (Revenue)
3.10 FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance system of the organization
Accounting system of the organization
Mobilization of funds
Generation of funds
Allocation of funds
3.11 Finance System of the Organization
Finance is the backbone of every organization because without finance any
organization can’t run its business. It plays an important role in determining the long-
term objectives and evaluating the feasibility of the business.
Finance Wing
Split up into three major branches; Finance, Accounts & Revenue.
G.M Finance heads this department. The responsibilities of the General Manager
(Finance) usually fall in the area of financial management, preparation of annual
budgets, determining the revenue targets for the year, investor, and banker relations
and controlling the Directors revenue in all the regions.
Budget Wing
Budgeting is the most effective instrument to exercise quality control over the
financial resources of an organization and their better utilization. A budget is a
comprehensive financial plan setting forth the expected route for achieving the
financial & operational goals of an organization. The companies engaged in large-
scale business essentially have a budget department to carry out budgeting for the
coming financial year. Various functions performed by Budget Dept. of PTCL are:
Allocation of funds to different head of accounts.
Disbursement of funds or physical transfer of funds to different heads
of accounts.
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Receive and analyze budget reports.
Recommended actions designed to improve efficiency where
necessary.
Classification of Budget
For simplicity and application, a master budget is classified into following categories:-
1. Revenue Budget.
2. Working Expenditure Budget.
3. Capital Expenditure Budget.
The Revenue Budget consists of estimated collections under different receipts heads
while Working Expenditure Budget includes the estimated amounts to be incurred during
the budgetary period for operational needs. The capital expenditure budget is mainly
developed with the consent of Development wing and the details are given in the Annual
Development Program.
Tariff Wing
Tariff Wing is further divided into international tariff and domestic tariff. International
tariff means international business with the whole world i.e. international communication
with different countries. However, there is no direct connectivity with all the countries.
There are only 40 countries with which PTCL is directly connected through satellite
while the remaining international connection of traffic to other countries through
different carriers. There are 52 carriers for this purpose. There are 220 destinations in the
whole world to which there is international communication but the active relationship of
PTCL with 52 carriers. The tariff department decides about TAR & routing plan for
international traffic. It also issues Transit Charges Agreement for those countries to
which there in no direct connectivity. Due to I.T boom, tariff is going to be changed
frequently e.g. for international leased circuits, domestic leased circuits rates are
frequently changing and for this tariff department has to work out
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3.12 Generation Of Funds
An organization can be called self sufficient if it is producing its maximum cash flow
from operating activities. The table and given below chart for last five years data indicate
that PTCL is producing maximum of its cash flows from operating activities.
Year Total Revenue (in thousands)
2001 62,040,708
2002 66,426,624
2003 67,202,493
2004 74,124,000
2005 75,972,000
2006 69,085,436
2007 65,277,025
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 and 2007.
The main sources of funds in PTCL are its collection of bills. Funds generated through
operations for the last five years are Rs.315,660,954 (in thousands).
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Chapter # 4
My Activities In PTCL ITIO Department
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Chapter # 4
My Activities In PTCL OMC Department
I have done the following jobs successfully with in the organization under
the kind supervision and monitoring of our manager Qurban Ali (Assistant
Manager)
Windows Installation
Out Look Configuration
Archive Setting
Cabling
User complaint Handling
Windows Installation:
We have installed Window XP on different systems using the following
steps
Changing boot order to from CD room.
Save and exit and press any key to boot from CD room after restart
system.
The setup file or uploading
After uploading setup file we accept the license agreement by pressing
F8 key (Function key )
Formatting the C: drive by using either FAT or NTFS file system.
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After completion of format we give the information regarding the
system including CD key.
The setup complete during 25 to 30 minutes and then appropriate
Hard Ware drivers
What is Microsoft Outlook?
Microsoft our look is an application soft ware and is a part of Microsoft
office suit which is basically used for Email and news clients and
bundled with certain version
8
of Microsoft Window although often used as an Email application. It also
provides calendars, task, and contact management, note taking, a journal and web
browsing.
Outlook configuration
We configure the outlook using the following steps;
Click and start button.
Go to control panel.
Click on mail.
Window will open then click and add.
Then put in user name in text box then click on ok.
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Click on manually configuration.
Click on next button.
After that click on Microsoft exchange server.
Click on next.
After that a window will open in that window (in Microsoft Exchange server
box put)
In user name Box Enter User ID.
Than click check name.
After check name a window will open which you have to put user ID and user ID
password.
Click on more setting.
A window will open then click on connection.
Click on Exchange proxy setting.
Click on next.
Put in HTTP # Box
Select basic authentication.
Click on ok.
Click on next.
Click finish.
The out look configuration is completed.
Archives setting:
We did archive setting using the following steps:
Go to programs, open Microsoft office and open outlook program.
Enter outlook ID and Password.
Outlook will open.
Click on option.
Click on others.
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Click on Auto archives
Browse my computer where your previous archive folder is located and give new
path to the archive folder to the drive with maximum space.
Applying the setting to all folders.
Click ok
Then verify the archive folder you placed in new place.
Archive Setting is completed.
Cabling:
For LAN connectivity in PTCL twisted pair cable (4 Pair) are used in the following terms
and combination depending on the connecting on the connection made in different kind
of device as discussed follow:
Straight Cable Method
Cross Cable Method
Straight Cable Method:
It is used for connecting different device e.g. Switch to Hub, Switch to Router
Cross cable Method:
It is used for connection between same kind of devices such as computer to computer,
Hub to Hub. Switch to Switch.
Cable Making:
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Tools used for making cables
1. Cable Cutter
2. Shield Cutter
3. Punch machine
4. tester
Twisted Pair cable are connected through connector RJ45 and usually found in the
following eight colors:
1. white Orange
2. Orange
3. White Green
4. Green
5. white Blue
6. Blue
7. White Brown
8. Brown
Cabling Methods:
Straight Cable Method Cross Cable Method
White Orange White Orange White Orange White Green
Orange Orange Orange Green
White Green White Green White Green White Orange
Blue Blue Blue Blue
white Blue white Blue white Blue white Blue
White Brown White Brown White Brown White Brown
Brown Brown Brown Brown
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Process flow
1.1 The user complains for IT equipment (desktop,
laptop,
Printer, scanner, wireless adopter) to IT service desk.
The Assistant Manger (AM) checks the equipment
that it is in warranty or not .
1.2 If the equipment is warranty then it is sent to the
vendor. The vendor check problem and fixed it .The
user gets his equipment from the vendor and sends
information report (that I receive the equipment) to IT
service desk.
1.3 If the equipment is not in warranty then it is sent to
the General Branch.
1.4 The team of general branch worked on the equipment
and fixed
the problem.
1.5 The user services the equipment from general Branch
and sent the information report (that I receive the
equipment) to IT service Desk.
Contacts: General Branch team 051-2283072
IT service Desk 051-2283039
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CHAPTER 4
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
4.1 INDEX ANALYSIS
An analysis of percentage of financial statements where all balance sheet or income
statement figures for a base year equal 100 (percent) and subsequent financial statement
items are expressed as percentage of their values in the base year is called Index
Analysis1
.
Table 4.1 HOREZANTAL ANALYSIS OF INCOME STATEMENT
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL)
Comparative Income Statement
for the financial years 2005,2006& 2007
Rs. In thousand % of base year fig
2005 2006 2007 2006 2007
Revenue 75,972,363 69,085,436 65,277,052 90.93 85.92
Operating Costs (39,608,639) (41,687,918) (46,564,338) 105.25 117.56
Operating Profit 36,363,724 27,397,518 18,712,687 75.34 51.45
Other Income 3,387,496 3,912,931 5,541,203 115.51 163.57
EBIT 39,751,220 31,310,449 24,253,890 78.84 61.01
Financial Charges (455,099) (336,401) (510,175) 73.92 112.10
Profit before Taxation 39,296,121 30,974,048 23,743,715 78.82 60.42
Provision for Taxation (12,690,464) (10,196,618) (8,104,962) 80.35 63.87
Profit after Taxation 26,605,657 20,777,430 15,638,753 78.09 58.78
Dividend per share 2 5 2 250 100
Earning Per Share 5.22 4.07 3.07 77.97 85.51
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCOME STATEMENT
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The total revenue figure for the financial year 2007 is Rs.65, 277,025 thousand while the
total revenue for the financial year 2006 and 2005 were Rs.69,085,436 and
Rs.75,972,363 thousand respectively. There is a decrease of Rs.5, 038,793 in the total
revenue amount, which represents the 85.92% of the base year 2005 with a decrease of
14.08%.
The revenue comprise on two types that are: Domestic revenue & International revenue.
Domestic revenue in 2005, 2006& 2007 are Rs.61, 033,222, 63,164,414 & 59,601,058
respectively. International revenue in 2005, 2006 and 2007 is stated as Rs.15, 535,027,
Rs.9,520,017 & 9,989,508 respectively. Included in domestic revenue is revenue from
subscriber for calls made to overseas destinations from Pakistan. Revenue is exclusive of
excise duty amounting Rs.8,519,150 thousand. International revenue represents revenue
from foreign network operators for calls that originate outside Pakistan. International
revenue has been increased by Rs.469,491 in the last year reflecting an increase of 4.93%
in last year while domestic revenue has been decreased by Rs.3,563,356 thousands
(5.64% decrease as that of 2006) because of increase in lines partially offset by local call
revenue NWD revenue.
The amount of operating cost also increased to Rs.46564338 thousand, the amount of
increase in the operating cost is Rs.4,874420 thousand, which is 11.69% of the year 2007
cost.
Operating cost consist on salaries, allowances and other benefits, foreign operators cost,
fuel and power, communication, stores and spares consumed, rent, rates taxes, traveling
and conveyance, advertisement and publicity, legal and professional services bad debt
annual license fee, and depreciation etc. operating cost of Pakistan Telecommunication
Company Limited is increased with an increase in all the heads of operating cost
(approximately). The amount of increase in the operating cost is Rs.4,874,420 thousand,
equal to 15.14% increase of the operating cost of financial year 2004.
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The impact of these changes on gross profit margin i.e. decrease from 39.66% to 28.67
in the years 2006 & 2007 , which is an indication of the improvement in operational
efficiency of the firm.
Operating income of the firm in 2006 was 27397518 thousands, which has been
converted to an operating income of Rs.18712687 thousand in 2007 decreased by
18.56%.
Earning before interest and taxes showed a positive balance of Rs.24,253,890 thousand.
Due to better performance and efficient control on operating cost and decrease in
financial charges PTCL has declared dividend Rs.2 per share in 2007.
Table 4.2A COMPERATIVE BALANCE SHEET (Rs. In thousand)
% of base year figure
Assets 2005 2006 2007 2006 2007
Current Assets
Cash& Bank balance 12,280,761 22,598,785 33,283,660 184.01 271.10
Advances & Receivables 7,645,845 7,573,730 5,228,560 99.06 68.38
C .Portion of loan to
subsidiary
500,000 500,000 400,000 100 80
Trade debt 15,515,958 16,059,983 11,411,412 103.51 73.55
Stores and Spares 3,326,622 3,435,679 3,879,206 103.28 116.61
39,269,186 50,168,177 54,202,838 127.75 138.03
Non Current Assets
Long Term Loans 2,237,408 1,862,867 1,174,140 83.26 52.48
Long Term Invest 6,909,874 7,118,002 7,411,776 103.01 107.26
Intangible Assets 4,272,782 4,048,876 3,230,742 94.76 75.61
Capital WIP 10,639,964 13,104,320 10,609,483 123.16 99.71
Property, Plant& equ 72,555,394 75,937,780 76,191,881 104.66 105.01
96,615,422 102,071,845 98,618,022 105.65 102.07
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Total Assets 135,884,608 152,240,022 152,820,860 112.04 112.46
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 200
Table 4.2A COMPERATIVE BALANCE SHEET (Rs. In thousand)
Equity & Liability (Rs. In thousand)
% of base year figure
Current Liability 2005 2006 2007 2006 2007
Taxation 1,104,031 2,725,984 2,870,254 246.91 259.98
C portion of supp credit 450,330 429,830 171,581 95.45 38.10
C. portion of acc
compensated absence
1,262,690 0 0 0 0
Short term borrowing 2,956,760 3,763,303 2,145,948 127.28 72.58
Interest& markup 43,460 12,323 1,380 28.35 3.18
Trade& other payable 14,795,293 17,557,092 19,258,578 118.67 130.17
Dividend payable 0 5,787,000 0 0
20,612,564 30,275,532 24,447,741 146.88 118.61
Long term Liability
L.term Security Deposits 2,352,949 2,755,896 1,195,784 117.13 50.82
Employee Retirement fund 10,988,752 11,624,935 12,289,626 105.79 111.84
Deferred Taxation 1,320,288 1,937,322 2,373,223 146.73 179.75
Payable to PTA against WLL
License fee
0 0 1,601,222
Supplier’s Credit 596,024 170,873 0 30.03 0
15,258,013 16,489,026 17,459,855 108.07 114.43
Share Capital And Reserves
Authorized Share Capital
A class Ordinary Shares 111,000,000 111,000,000 111,000,000 100 100
B class Ordinary Shares 39,000,000 39,000,000 39,000,000 100 100
150,000,000 150,000,000 150,000,000 100 100
Issued, subscribed & paid up
Capital
51,000,000 51,000,000 51,000,000 100 100
Insurance Reserves 1,508,411 1,492,414 1,749,047 98.94 115.95
General Reserves 30,500,000 30,500,000 30,500,000 100 100
Inappropriate Profit 17,005,620 22,483,050 27,664,217 132.21 162.68
Total Equity & Liability 135,884,608 152,240,022 152,820,860 112.04 112.46
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Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Trend Analysis Of Balance Sheet
The PTCL’s total assets were of Rs.136 billion at the end of financial year 2005 and of
Rs.152 billion at the end of 2006 and on 30th
June 2007 it has its total assets equal to
Rs.153 billion. PTCL’s assets increased by 12.04% in 2006 while in 2007, total assets
were increased by 12.46% as compared to that of 2005.
Current assets were of Rs.39 billion at the end of financial year 2005 and increased to
Rs.50 billion at the end of 2006 (27.75% increased) and at the end of financial year 2006-
07, it is of Rs.54 billion with an increase of 38.03% as to that of 2005. In the last two
years inventory has increased by 16.61% to 3.88 billion. Trade debt has decreased by
76.45% to Rs.11 billion in the last two financial years. Receivables at the end of the
financial year 2006-07 is amounting as Rs.5.23 billion, 31.62% less than that of 2005.
Company has improved its cash management and has increased its cash to 33.28 billion,
171.10% higher than what was at the end of 2005.
Non-current assets of PTCL have increased in 2006 while reduce in 2007 to Rs.98.62
billion. Work in process, plant, property & equipments constitutes major portion of non-
current assets. During these two years work in process has increased by 23.16% in 2006
to Rs.13.10 billion while reduced 0.29% to Rs.10.60 billion as compared to 2005 while
plant, properties and equipments have noticed an increase of 5.01% to Rs.76.91 billion.
PTCL total liability has increased by 12.46% in the last two years to Rs.152.82 billion.
PTCL current liability has jumped to Rs.30.3 billion with 46.88% increase in 2006 while
increased 18.61% in 2007 as compared to 2005. This increase in current liability was
because of 37.42% decrease in short term borrowing and with the 30.17% increase
payables and 159.98% increase in taxation and 96.82% decrease in interest and markup.
Long term liability increased by 14.43% to Rs.17.46 billion during the last two years.
Causes of this increase in non current liability are 51.18% decrease in long term security
deposits and an increase of 11.84% in employee’s retirement fund followed by 79.75%
increase in deferred taxation.
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4.2 Common-Size Analysis
An analysis of percentage financial statements where all income statement items are
divided by net sales or revenue and all balance sheet items are divided by total assets2
.
Table 4.3 Vertical Analysis Of Profit& Loss Acc
Pakistan Telecommunication company limited (PTCL)
Comparative Income Statement
For the Years 2004,2005 & 2006
Percentage Change
2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007
Revenue 75,972,363 69,085,436 65,277,052 100 100 100
Operating Costs (39,608,639) (41,687,918) (46,564,338) 52.14 60.34 71.33
Operating Profit 36,363,724 27,397,518 18,712,687 47.86 39.66 28.67
Other Income 3,387,496 3,912,931 5,541,203 4.46 5.66 8.49
EBIT 39,751,220 31,310,449 24,253,890 52.32 45.32 37.16
Financial Charges (455,099) (336,401) (510,175) 0.60 0.49 0.78
Profit before Taxation 39,296,121 30,974,048 23,743,715 51.72 44.83 36.37
Provision for Taxation (12,690,464) (10,196,618) (8,104,962) 16.70 14.76 12.42
Profit after Taxation 26,605,657 20,777,430 15,638,753 35.02 30.07 23.96
Unapp profit b f 599,963
Dividend per share
Earning Per Share 5.22 4.07 3.07
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Vertical Analysis Of Income Statement
PTCL revenue in 2006-07 is Rs.65 billion while it was Rs.76 billion & Rs.79 billion in
2005 and in 200 respectively. Company’s operating cost ratio is 71.33% of total revenue
in 2007. Operating cost ratio was 52.14% and 60.34%% in 2005 and 2006. This increase
in operating cost is because of decline in tariff and prevailing high inflation rate in
country. This increasing operating cost ratio is affecting the Gross Profit Margin and is
recorded to be 47.86%, 39.66% & 28.67 in 2005, 2006 and in 2007 respectively3
.
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PTCL income from other sources has shown improvement in the last two years and
constitutes 4.46%, 5.66% & 8.49% of total revenue in 2005, 2006 and in 2007
respectively which is partially offsetting the declining rate of EBIT. EBIT constitutes
52.32%, 45.32% & 37.16% in 2005, 2006 and in 2007 respectively. Company’s financial
charges rate has decreased during 2006 and increase in 2007, offsetting the decline in
profit before taxation rate which was recorded 51.72%, 44.83% for 2005 and 2006
respectively and now in 2007 it is 36.83%. Provision for taxation was 16.70% & 14.70
for 2005 and 2006 respectively and now for 2007 it is 12.42% of total revenue. Despite of
all the above constraints yet PTCL was able to maintain Earning per Share at the rate of
Rs.3.07. Earning per Share was Rs.5.22 and Rs.4.07 in 2005 and 2006 respectively.
4.3 Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Analysis
Liquidity ratios measure the ability to meet current liability with current asset i.e.
payment of short-term obligations. The ratio holds different meaning for creditor and
owners of the firm. For owner high liquidity means inefficiency of the firm. For owner
high liquidity means inefficiency of the management, while high liquidity of the firm is
considered favorable by the creditors as they see that the firm can pay their obligations.
Following are the most common types of liquidity ratios used by analysts to determine
the liquidity of the firm.
Current ratio
Current ratio is current asset divided by current liabilities4
. It shows a firm’s ability to
cover its current liabilities with its current assets. The following table summarizes the
current ratio of the firm for the last three years.
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Table 4.5.1 Current ratios over time (Rs. In thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Current assets 39,269,186 50,168,177 54,202,838
Current liabilities 20,612,564 30,275,532 24,447,741
Current ratio 1.91 1.66 2.22
Interpretations
Generally a current ratio of 2 is considered acceptable, companies listed on standard &
Poor 500 Index has an average current ratio of 1.5. In 2005, the current ratio was 1.91. In
2007 the current ratio is 2.22 i.e. PTCL has Rs.2.22 to pay Rs.1of short term liability. The
current ratio is high because PTCL has kept less on investing in capital expenditure
compare to 2006. In 2006 they have invested Rs.17.51 billions in capital expenditure
while in 2007 it is 10.11 billion.
Quick Ratio
Quick ratio shows the ability of the firm that how quickly it can pay its liabilities without
taking into account the inventory and prepaid expense of the firm, which are least liquid
portion of the current assets. Liquidity means the ability of an asset to be converted into
cash without significant loss in value. It is calculated as current assets minus inventory
divided by current liabilities.
Table 4.5.2 Quick Ratio Over Time (Rs. in thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Quick Assets 35,942,564 46,732,498 50,323,632
Current Liabilities 20,612,564 30,275,532 24,447,741
Quick Ratio 1.74 1.54 2.06
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
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Interpretation
The quick ratio of the firm is almost to current ratio of the firm as it has decreased from
2005 onward but still it is encouraging, shows that the firm is liquid enough to pay its
liabilities at short notice but this trend of increasing is favorable for short term creditors
of the firm. This ratio has been affected by the huge amount of dividend declared by the
company. The company can easily improve the ratio by reducing the dividend in the
future but they have to consider overall situation i.e. investor’s interest, creditor’s interest
etc.
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
Activity ratios measure the operational efficiency of the firm by looking into the
moments of total assets. These ratios tell us with how much efficiency the firm has in
employing its total assets to generate sales and with what frequency current assets of the
firm are turned into cash7
. These ratios highlight the activities of the firm throughout the
year. Following are some commonly used ratios to determine the activities of PTCL.
Receivable Turnover Ratio
This ratio provides insight of the quality of the firm’s receivables and how successful the
firm is in its collection. In short it tells the number of times receivables into annual net
credit sales.
Table 4.8.1 Receivable Turnover Ratio (Rs. in thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Total Revenue 75,972,363 69,085,436 65,277,025
Receivables 7,645,845 7,573,730 5,228,560
Ratio 9.94 9.12 12.48
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the shorter will be the time between the typical sales and cash
collection. The trend analysis shows that turn over ratio is decreased in 2006 while
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increased in 2007. In the year 2007 receivable turnover ratio are 12.48 shows that PTCL
is turning its receivables into cash more than twelve times in a financial year. This trend
of decreasing in this ratio is because of decrease in receivables is less than the decrease in
the total revenue. Causes of decrease have been discussed in the beginning of this
chapter. For a better view aging accounts receivables must be analyzed to see how many
are due & past due.
Payable Turnover Ratio
This ratio is calculated as operating cost plus (minus) any increase (decrease) in
inventory divided by accounts payable. This ratio is used to know about the number of
times account payable is made during the year.
Table 4.8.2 Payable Turnover Ratio (Rs. In thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Operating Cost 39,608,639 41,687,918 46,564,338
Op.Cost + inc in inv 41,081,110 41,796,975 47,007,865
Accounts Payable 450,330 429,830 171,581
Ratio 91.22 97.24 273.97
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Interpretation
The ratio is very high in 2007 because the accounts payables are very low in 2007 as
compared to that of 2005 & 2006 which has shown an increase in the ratio. Ratio shows
an increase of 282% in 2007 as compared to that of 2006 and an increase of 6.6% in 2006
as compared to that of 2005. Accounts payable is denominator in the formula and results
a very huge effect.
Inventory Turnover Ratio
This ratio determines how effectively the firm is managing its inventory. It is calculated
as cost of goods sold divided by inventory. In the case of PTCL we will put operating
cost.
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Table 4.8.3 Inventory Turnover Ratio (Rs. In thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Operating Cost 39,608,639 41,687,918 46,564,338
Inventory 3,326,622 3,435,679 3,879,206
Ratio 11.91 12.13 12.00
Interpretation
Inventory turnover ratio was 11.91 in 2005 but increased to 12.13 in 2006 and in 2007 it
again decreased to 12.00. However PTCL has shown good performance in 2006 by
controlling inventory turnover.
Profitability Ratios
Ratios that relate profits to sales and investment are called profitability ratios8
. It is of
two type i.e. profitability in relation to sale & profitability in relation to investment.
Profitability In Relation To Sale
Gross Profit Margin
It is calculated gross profit divided by net sales. This ratio tells about the profit of the
firm and is also a measure of the ability of the firm’s operation.
Table 4.9.1 Gross Profit Margin (Rs. In thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Revenue 75,972,363 69,085,436 65,277,025
Operating Cost 39,608,639 41,687,918 46,564,338
Rev - op cost=G.P 36,363,724 27,397,518 18,712,687
Ratio 47.86% 39.66% 28.67%
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
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Interpretation
The ratio tells that operation of the company is still efficient i.e. it is still 29%. It was
calculated 47.86% in 2005, 39.66% in 2006 and 28.67% in 2007 indicating that PTCL is
effective in producing and selling product and services well above the cost. This trend of
decrease in the GP margin is because of decrease in revenue and because of increase in
operating cost. Decrease in revenue is because of decline in tariff while increase in
operating cost is partially because of inflation and inefficiency caused by the period of
uncertainty due to privatization.
Net Profit Margin
It is calculated as net profit after taxes divided by net sales. It is a measure of the firm’s
profitability of sales taking account of all the expenses and taxes. It shows a firm’s net
income per rupee of sales.
Table 4.9.2 Net Profit Margin (Rs, in thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Net profit after taxes 26,605,657 20,777,430 15,638,753
Revenue 75,972,363 69,085,436 65,277,025
Ratio 35.02% 30.07% 23.96
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Interpretation
For PTCL in 2007, 24 paisa out of every sales of Rs.1 constitutes after tax profit where as
in 2006 it was 30 paisa while in 200 it was 35 paisa. PTCL has noticed a decrease of
20.23% in its GP margin 2007 as compared to that of 2006 while this decrease in 2006
was 12% as compared to that of 2005. GP margin of 24% is still encouraging for PTCL
but this trend of decrease in its GP margin is never.
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Profitability in relation to investment
Return on Investment or on Assets
It is calculated as net profit after taxes divided by total assets. This ratio shows the
percentage income generated on per rupee investment.
Table 4.9.3 Return on Investment or on Assets (Rs.in thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Net profit after taxes 26,605,657 20,777,430 15,638,753
Total Assets 135,884,608 152,240,022 152,820,860
Ratio 19.58% 13.65% 10.23%
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
Interpretation
Return on investment in 2007 is 10.23% that is a profit over the firm’s investment
resulting from its operations. It explains that the firm has earned a 10.23% over each
rupee invested in 2007. ROI in 2005 and 2006 is 19.58% and 13.65% respectively.
Return on Equity
It is calculated as net profit after taxes (minus preferred stock dividend) divided by
shareholder’s equity. Return on equity reflects the earning power of shareholder book
value of investment. A high return on equity reflects the firm’s acceptance of strong
investment opportunities and effective expense management.
Table 4.9.4 Return on Equity (Rs. In thousand)
2005 2006 2007
Net profit after taxes 26,605,657 20,777,430 15,638,753
Shareholder’s equity 100,014,031 105,475,464 110,913,264
Ratio 26.6% 19.7% 14.10%
Source: PTCL annual report 2006 & 2007
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Interpretation
In 2005 and 2006 ROE was 26.6% and 19.7% respectively and in 2007 it is 14.1%. The
trend is negative and decreasing continuously. PTCL has shown 28% decrease in ROE in
2007 as compared to that of 2006. The debt ratio is not too high which means that there
are strong investment opportunities. And there is effective expense management but
PTCL will have to control its decreasing trend of ROE.
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Chapter # 5
SWOT ANALYSIS
PTCL is a big organization regarding all the departments including Finance, Operations,
Human resource etc. there are several strengths, weakness opportunities and thrats of
these departments, which will be discussed as follow:
Strengths
The Biggest Foreign Exchange Earner
PTCL is the biggest source of foreign exchange for Pakistan. It earns a lot foreign
exchange form its international traffic.
Adequate Financial Resources
PTCL earns billions of Rupees as a major source of capital. These adequate financial
resources not only enable the company to copy with any unexpected event but to deploy
its resources to increase product line and services without feeling any financial difficult.
Free From Competitive Pressure
PTCL has no competitor in the market and other companies are legally not allowed enter
in competition with PTCL before 2003.So PTCL is performing its activities freely
without any pressure.
Leadership In The Market
PTCL is leading Company to provide telecom facilities in the Pakistan. PTCL aims at
using the latest technology in the field of engineering and IT for its services. It is also
getting constancy from international Companies in order to remain leader in telecom
sector.
Adequate Financial Resources
PTC learns billion of rupees as profit per year and has enough money in its general
reserve. It also has debit as a major source of capital. These adequate financial resources
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not only enable the Company to cope with any unexpected event but no deploy its
resources to increase its product line.
Modern Technology
PTCL is running modern technology to develop its products and services and improve the
quality of services. In this connection it has replaced the old exchanges with new digital
exchanges. It has computerized billing system. Due to this technology thousand of
complaints have been reduced. PTCL has also entered in the business of Mobile phone
and Internet services.
Optional Polices And Compensation
Best and optional policies and attractive compensation packages for employees, which
has really improved their commitment, dedication and hard work towards the
achievement of organization goals.
Human Resource Development
Human resource development and employment of technology towards modern
development.
Wide Distribution Channels
Easy access to the customers at their residential localities through wide distribution
channel.
Weaknesses
Ambiguity In Strategic Direction
PTCL is doing business very well but only to that extend to which customers respond.
Although PTCL is generating revenue from its value added services but it doesn’t have
any solid financial strategic outline, which can cope the entire complex financial
situation, and also ambiguity exists in implementation strategic financial plans.
Externally, PTCL has no competitors so it has no benchmark to gauge financial
performance of its different departments with those of competitors.
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Seniority Bases Promotions
PTCL is leading information technology but it is not knowledge oriented so far as
promotions of its employees are concerned. Promotions of PTCL employees are seniority
based. Most of employees are concerned. Promotions of PTCL employees, who get
promoted on seniority basis, are less knowledgeable and non-professional and cannot
cope with the challenges of this ever-growing field. On the other hand most of its
knowledgeable and well-educated employees have no chance of getting higher Positions.
They have to work under their boss who has more experience but less knowledge about
Information Technology and Telecommunication.
Lack of Human Resources Management
PTCL has no human resources management department. It doesn’t have clear policy
regarding hiring & training of work force. In PTCL, for most of the jobs there is no job
work & evaluation of performance of employees.
Lack of Training Program
There is no proper training program to improve the skill of PTCL employees to cope with
ever-changing telecommunication sector. Less skilled & inefficient workers are creating
hurdles in its growth.
No Effective Marketing Department
There is no effective marketing department in the Organization. There is only marketing
officer working as a manager, further more marketing staff in the field region is also not
available.
Ineffective Human Resource Management
PTCL has although now set up a HRM department but still it is not functioning as per the
requirement of the competitive environment. Most of the jobs have no proper job
description and specification.
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Customer Dissatisfaction And Delayed Responses
Many customer of PTCL are not satisfied with its services because of wrong billing, late
delivery of bills and delayed responses for any fault in the telephone. Some customer
complains that they received their bills in full amount although they have stayed out of
the home and had not use the telephone at all.
Absence of Company Culture
There is no inclusion or company culture and approaches among the officers of PTCL
and mostly their behavior with general public is still bureaucratic and their approach is
not objective or profit-oriented.
Opportunities
Increasing Awareness Rate
PTCL can show its interest in educating people & increasing literality rate. In this way,
PTCL will not only fulfill its social responsibility but will also be able to increase
awareness rate & it will be help full in the expansion of PTCL business.
Skillful human resources:
PTCL can improve the skill of its manpower by providing them the opportunities of
advanced courses that will make them to cope with the ever-changing condition in field
of telecommunication.
Entering The New Market
PTCL recently is starting its mobile services hence; it will enter in the market. PTCL can
expand its business by exploring and entering in new markets in similar way.
Telecom Facilities In Rural Areas
All the value added services and digital facilities are available only in the main cities of
Pakistan. PTCL can expand its business by providing telecom facilities in rural areas,
which is only possible when adequate planning is done.
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Recruitment
PTCL can also improve the human resources by the selection of competent person for
different departments and this can only possible by discouraging the corruption and
favoritism.
Addition To The Product Line
Top management of Organization can make additions to its existing product line by
providing more services. In this way it can increase its revenue and customer satisfaction.
This requires market research.
PTCL has already captured the industry so all kind of the opportunities are for PTCL till
the end of monopoly.
Threats
Exchange Rate Risk
Exchange Rate Risk will cause PTCL net exchange loss on foreign loans. Devaluation of
rupees will increase the cost of production, machinery, and almost all the equipment,
imported from foreign countries. So exchange rate risk will affect the Profitability of
PTCL and also increase the risk of getting foreign loans in future.
Government Legislation
Government policies can affect the performance of PTCL. Hence government policies
will be a real threat for PTCL if they are not in favor of PTCL business activities. This
can affect the recruiting policies of PTCL.
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Turnover
At the end of the monopoly, competitors will enter the industry and the completion will
increase as a result of which they will offer high pays and facilities to skill-person of the
industry. This can increase the turnover of PTCL, which can create a serious threat for
the organization.
Decrease In Market Share Due To Competition
After the end of monopoly, dissatisfied customers may shift to those telecom services
providers who they think would offer better services than PTCL, and will increase
customer satisfaction. Decrease in market share would decrease the profitability of
PTCL, which will be a real threat in near future.Swot matrix table are on the other page.
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SWOT MATRIX
STRENGTHS-S
1. Biggest foreign exchange
earner
2. Adequate financial resources
3. Market leader in Pakistan
4. Use of modern technology
5. Attractive compensation
6. Wide distribution channels
WEAKNESSES-W
1. Ambiguity in
strategic direction
2. Seniority bases
promotions
3. Poor training
4. Customer
dissatisfaction and
delayed responses
5. Ineffective human
resource
management
OPPORTUNITIES-O
1. Increasing
awareness rate
2. Improving training
3. Entering the new
market
4. Proper recruitment
5. Addition to product
line
SO SRATEGIES
1. Financial resources can be
used to increase awareness,
improve training and
development
2. wide distribution channels will
increase company sales if new
product lines are added to
existing lines
WO STRATEGIES
1. Better training
program will reduce
customer
dissatisfaction and
helps employees to
know the correct
strategic direction
2. Proper recruitment
and awareness will
improve human
resource
management
THREATS-T
1. Exchange rate risk
2. Government
legislation
3. Increase in
employees turnover
4. Decrease in market
share
ST STRATEGIES
1. Financial resources and
attractive compensation can be
used to prevent employees
turnover
2. Modern technology and wide
distribution channels can be
used to increase market share
WT STRATEGIES
1. Make clear the
strategic direction
before employees
and promotion must
be on merit bases
2. Use new methods of
training and reduce
prices to improve
market share and
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Chapter # 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conculusion
The over all performance of PTCL has been declining after privatization. The main
signals of performance trend are summarized below:
There is an increasing trend in the revenue until 2005 after which it has declined
significantly.
.Operating profit margin shows increase in trend for years 2003, 2004, 2004 but
it decrease for 2005 and further decrease for year 2006.
Operating cost for year 2005 was higher by 23% while for the year 2006 was
5.25% higher then last year,
Return on equity started decreasing after privatization, while amount of dividend,
after decreasing in year 2005, raised in 2006 and again decreased in 2007
Aside from the numerical performance indicators, PTCL took several steps to commence
the journey to bring a culture charge in the organization. This entails putting greater focus
on customer service and emphasizing merit, integrity and openness in the Company’s
business practices and process. So there is a hope that numerical performance positive
results in near future.
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Recommendations
Keeping in view the aforementioned hurdle / problems the following are some remedial
measures, which help to create a better system.
This study shows that
There are very few programs for career development of the employees. People
working in one section or department from years are still with the same knowledge
and style of doing job. There should be proper career planning of employee that not
only sharpens the skills of the employee & improve its efficiency but also results in
better and improved output for the organization.
existing system is not up to the slandered and must be replacing with an
efficient one.
A comprehensive financial information system is required to be streamlined, so that
availability of accurate data records may be insured.
All the tool of enforcement of strict financial discipline may be under taken in order
to monitor the whole system.
All the records should be computerized and for this purpose special computer
program should be used.
Employees should be equipped with up to date IT skills and for this purpose
refresher & training courses should be designed.
The officer may be trained to adopt company culture soft-spoken, good relations
with customers and target oriented.
Finance and marketing offices and engineers may be sending to international
seminars/ workshops to get knowledge of new technique and procedures.
There should be effective human resource department in order to get right people on
the right job. Promotion should be made the basis of performance rather than
seniority.
Most of the PTCL personnel are non-professional; I suggest that the competent
authority of PTCL should be appointing professionals.
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There should be effective human resource department in order to get right people on
the right job.
Over staffing and unbalanced distribution of employees in departments. Like all the
government and semi government institutions PTCL has also excessive staff than
required. In order to increase the efficiency of worker job is assigned to its caliper
to develop his interest in work that increase the out put and decrease the overall cost
of organization.
In the company there is an unnecessary emphasis on documentation. In transitions a
lengthy procedure of paper work is involved that decrease the efficiency and results in
wastage of time. It should be the duty of management to automate the documentation of
record on line to all offices at same time