1. 1
Preface
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) is an educational institution, aims to produce a well-rounded
graduates. Despite of learning theoretical knowledge from lecturers or tutorials, students
particularly in UPM have to apply these theories into practices. The program last for 10 weeks
starting from June 29, 2015, and ends on September 4, 2015.
The purpose of this final report is to describe all activities performed by the interns in Radio
Frequency Service (RFS) Sdn Bhd, and depict the industrial internship program’s objectives
that have been achieved via giving the students the opportunity to develop their cognitive and
practical skills.
Under topic of company background, it gives a brief description of the host company, outlines
the objectives of the internship program, presents the scope of work assigned to students and
introduces the main activities they are involved in. There are also records on the internship main
scope work in integration and commissioning, and records of the main task in performing User
Acceptance Test (UAT). In the next topic, it includes valuable lessons learnt and experience
gained throughout the Industrial Internship Program in RFS. The problems and challenges
experienced throughout the weeks are also discussed in this topic. Though the Industrial
Internship in RFS was an excellent learning experience, but there is still a room for
improvement. Hence, some recommendations are made to UPM as well as RFS. Finally, the
conclusion for the whole 10 weeks of Industrial Internship Program is made to wrap up these
priceless experiences.

2. 2
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, all praise is due to Him, The Almighty as for His mercy and grace and for
giving me the opportunity to complete my internship for a period of 10 weeks at Radio
Frequency Service Company. Hereby, I am glad to express my deepest gratitude and
appreciation to those who have helped me in ensuring the successfulness of my Industrial
Internship Training Program.
Special thanks to Miss Herdawati Tiansin, Project Supervisor for being my supervisor and for
her encouragement, support, teachings and supervision from the beginning until my last day at
Radio Frequency Service Company. I am also indebted to the rest of the company’s engineers,
and staff for all of their support, guidance, teachings, and suggestions that contribute to my self-
development, knowledge and attitude towards the process in finishing my training and
accomplishing the goals of Industrial Internship Program.
I also would like to dedicate my endless thanks and gratitude to my UPM Supervisors, Dr. Md
Amzari Md Zhahir and Dr. Syaril Azrad Md Ali who had come for visit and make an evaluation
for my progress. Their ideas and comments are much appreciated and welcomed.
Not to be forgotten, I would like to deliver my utmost gratefulness to my parents, Mr. Sajadi
bin Marsahid and Mrs Umiyatun binti Kasibun whose supportive spirit never faded in inspiring
me and supporting me to accomplish this program. Last but not least, a mount thanks to my
fellow colleagues and clique, and to anybody who has contributed explicit or implicitly towards
accomplishing the objectives of the industrial internship.

3. 3
Table of Content
Preface..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................... 2
Table of Content...................................................................................................................................... 3
Company Background............................................................................................................................. 4
Background ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Mission and Vission............................................................................................................................ 4
Board of Directors............................................................................................................................... 5
Organization Structure & Hierarchy ................................................................................................... 6
Objectives of Industrial Training............................................................................................................. 7
Summary of scope of Work, Task, or Project Undertaken during Internship ......................................... 7
Summary of Tasks................................................................................................................................... 8
Work Experience..................................................................................................................................... 9
Research on Telecommunication Engineering.................................................................................... 9
In-Building Construction (IBC) Department..................................................................................... 11
Outdoor Construction (GABS) Department...................................................................................... 17
Discussion ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Problems and Challenges Faced........................................................................................................ 22
Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Recommendation................................................................................................................................... 24
References ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Abbreviations & List of Definition ....................................................................................................... 25

4. 4
Company Background
Background
Radio Frequency Service Sdn Bhd (M) is In line with the global expansion of RF products and
to be more committed regionally, RFS are pleased to announce the formation of Radio
Frequency Services Sdn Bhd, a wholly Malaysian-based company which shall offer all the
global offerings of RF products, together with a full set of engineering services covering design,
installation, commissioning and maintenance services. RFS shall embark on a strong emphasis
on the Malaysian market and gradually expand our coverage to the SEA region of Thailand,
Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. In time, this company reach will include the entire
Asia Pacific region. RFS Sdn Bhd shall provide true end-to-end solutions that meet four (4)
essential performance criteria:
1. Premium coverage
2. Capacity and quality of service (QoS)
3. Minimal total life-cycle costs
4. Genuine future-proof characteristics.
No single technology or architecture can meet these performance criteria across today’s broad
range of building architectures and occupant needs--that’s why RFS Sdn Bhd shall offer
genuinely tailored made solutions.
Mission and Vission
Design, manufacture and deployment worldwide of RF technology, systems and services. We
are committed to meeting the highest quality standards for products and systems by applying
advanced technologies in our manufacturing processes, project engineering and installation. We
seek to be the preferred global supplier in wireless communications by serving our clients with
superior customer service, state-of-the-art engineering capabilities, and innovative product
solutions.

5. 5
Board of Directors
William Cheah Managing Director * B.sc in E;ectrical Engineering (Hons)
* J.B.E ( "AO" Chargeman )
* 10 years in electrical & mechanical field.
( Electrical & Mechanical services for
infrastructure)
* 5 years in telecommunication field.
( BTS site building )
Joe-Anne Ng Seok Meng Sales & Marketing * B. in Business Admin
Director * Charted Institute of Marketing
( C.I.M. - (UK) )
* 4 years in Telecommunication Sales
involves Fixed Network & GSM Mobile
Product & Marketing Development & Planning.

6. 6
Organization Structure & Hierarchy

7. 7
Objectives of Industrial Training
The objectives of the practical training are to:
i. Expose students to the diversify and environment of the present working world
ii. To gain new knowledge in an unfamiliar environment
iii. To attain valuable experiences for self-improvement and development
iv. Hope to make some contribution towards the organization
v. To appreciate work and professional ethics
Summary of scope of Work, Task, or Project Undertaken during
Internship
During the industrial training period, the author has been attached to undergo training under the
supervision of Radio Frequency Service Operation Engineer. The author decided to summarize
this reports by the work experienced along the 10 weeks of internship as it is clearer by being
documented this way. The rough summary of the scope of work given can be seen at the
internship training log book but the main task that have been carried out are discussed as
follows:
I. Introduction to RFS organization structure, roles and responsibilities
During the first week of training, the author has been given a task to become familiar
with the company background, organization structure, roles and responsibilities, and
its rules and regulation. That information is important for the author to get better
understanding of the work scopes and task during the whole period of training of
internship program.
II. Understanding Telecommunication Engineering
The author is briefed by the engineers of the company about the main job scope at
RFS. The author need to make some reading about telco network communication to
understand how the company works. SSR from the past project is given as a
reference and guide before the author can proceed with the internship.

8. 8
Summary of Tasks
Weeks Work Experience
Week 1 - Briefing and introduction about the company, introduced to staff and
workers.
- Site visit to Selayang. Engineers were shown a development of new
software called WDT to do an Integration & Commissioning through
smartphone.
- Site visit to Sunway Pinnacle. Installation for IBC project.
- Site visit to Prisma Building, Putrajaya to do Walk Test for 3G network
(Umobile).
- Site Visit at Menara Bangkok Bank, Kuala Lumpur. Survey for New Site
for Umobile operator.
Week 2 - Labelling at Sunway Pinnacle (IBC Project).
- User Acceptance Test (UAT) of 4G LTE at Sunway Pinnacle for Maxis
operator.
- Writing documentation, Site Design Documentation (SDD/ Site Folder)
for Celcom and Maxis operator.
Week 3 - Survey for Small Cell (IBC) at Hospital Kajang for Umobile operator.
- Integration and Commissioning at Saujana Putra & Sprint Highway for
Maxis operator.
- Checklist equipment for New Site at Warehouse.
Week 4 - User Acceptance Test (UAT) of 3G HSDPA and 4G LTE at Port Klang
for Celcom operator.
Week 5 - Survey for Small Cell (IBC) at Klinik Seri Kembangan for Umobile
operator.
- Safety briefing at KL Sentral.
Week 6 - Extending fibre optic cable from top (4th
) floor to lower ground floor for
Maxis at Jusco Bukit Tinggi.
- Walk Test for Celcom operator at Sunway Pinnacle.
Week 7 - Integration and Commissioning for Maxis at Kuala Selangor and Ijok,
Selangor.
- User Acceptance Test (UAT) for Maxis at Kuala Selangor and Ijok,
Selangor.
- Collecting Rosenberger Connector for Celcom HQ at The Crest, Petaling
Jaya.
Week 8 - User Acceptance Test (UAT) for Celcom at Klang.
- Hard Reset the BTS Base Station after the antenna is swapped at Klang
Telco Tower (GABS).
Week 9 - Survey for New Site (IBC) at Mayland Building, Putrajaya for Umobile
operator.

9. 9
- Assisting in rearranging file management system of the company.
- Site Sign and Site Verify.
Week 10 - Summarizing staffs and workers claim.
Work Experience
Research on Telecommunication Engineering
First of all, the author need to understand all part of communication engineering such that
RFS Company’s area of expertise can be divided into two types of system:
i. Sharing Systems (SDR)
Sharing systems are multi-used radio wave in one telco tower/site. As an example,
Maxis shared the same 2G frequency with Celcom and Umobile at Seri
Kembangan Tower. Sharing systems used in a situation where the operator cannot
equipped any antenna near the places as it would cause unnecessary interference.
ii. Non-Sharing Systems (NSDR). These sharing systems are usually equipped at
urban area where the count of users are high.
While a non-sharing systems is a mono-used which means it is only used by one
operator at one site. One tower is only used by Maxis only. These non-sharing
systems are usually equipped at sub-urban area where the count of users are low.
The SDR and NSDR systems can be further divided into frequency bandwidth which are 2G,
3G (HSDPA/ H+), and 4G (LTE).
i. 2G network
2G network can be subdivided into 2 frequency which are G900 and G1800. 2G
network are the usual frequency used in our earlier everyday life in which this is
the earliest form of frequency bandwidth we used to communicate wirelessly.
Aside from more users per cell tower, the 2G digital network offers many other
important features:
- packet data (used for MMS/Internet access of 29kB/s)
- SMS text messaging
- caller ID and other similar network features.
ii. 3G network

10. 10
3G network can be subdivided into 2 frequency which are W2100 and W900. 3G
network, High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) or H+ is steadily
developing in Malaysia. As the development and market of smartphone has been
steadily increasing since 2010, the demand for faster internet give out 3G network
system as a results. The 3G standard utilises a new technology called UMTS as its
core network architecture - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. This
network combines aspects of the 2G network with some new technology and
protocols to deliver a significantly faster data rate (ranging from 5.6Mbps –
7.2Mbps).
iii. 4G network
2G network can be subdivided into 2 frequency which are L1800 and L2600. LTE
is a series of upgrades to existing UMTS technology. This new network boosts
peak downloads speeds up to 100Mbps and 50Mbps upload, latency reduced from
around 300ms to less than 100ms, and significantly lower congestion.
Each of this frequency bandwidth is again divided into 3 sectors known as Sector 1, Sector 2
and Sector 3. These sectors are where the users is placed in a telecommunication network.
Telecommunicaion Engineering
(RFS Sdn Bhd)
SDR
2G/ 3G/ 4G
Sector 1/ Sector 2/ Sector 3
NSDR
2G/ 3G/ 4G
Sector 1/ Sector 2/ Sector 3

11. 11
In-Building Construction (IBC) Department
Figure 1: Flowchart of working flow/ process in IBC department
Radio Frequency Service Sdn Bhd IBC’s project are mainly done in Kelang Valley (KV) area.
Tall building that are hard to get phone reception are the main focus of RFS’s IBC Department.
As the RFS’s engineers are equipped with a minimum of 6 years of experience in
telecommunication field, it is not a problem for them to do either IBC or GABS project because
the field tests are mostly similar. The flowchart above shows a simplified version of what the
author have done during the week cycle with IBC department. The author mostly involve in the
test work which is ‘Walk Test’ which will be further explain thoroughly by section below.
i. Survey (In-House)
The first step before starting a project on new telco site is doing a survey for the operators.
Survey for IBC is done by the company’s engineers (In-House). The objectives of this
survey is to analyse the material, equipment and the all-together cost for the installation.
Survey is necessary because the engineers need to find the suitable placement for Power
Line, Fiber Cable, RRU, DCDU and Omni/Panel antenna.
The survey done by the RFS’s engineers can be categories into two aspect:
a. Survey for New Site
b. Survey for Small Cell
Survey (In-House)
Site Survey
Report (SSR)
Bid for New Site/
Receive new
project from
Operator
Installation (Small
Cell/ New Site)
Labelling Walk Test
Site Design
Documentation
(SDD/ Site
Folder)

12. 12
Survey for New Site is done on the new building which doesn’t have any network coverage
yet. The pioneer operator will request a survey from several telco company to analyse the
cost needed if the operator want to cover network signal in the building. These company
will have to compete to get the project from the operators.
While survey for Small Cell is done by a single telco company in which the operator
requested that company to do the survey specifically.
Figure 2: RFS's engineer (black shirt) accompanied by intern trainee (Azim, purple shirt) while doing Survey for
New Site at Sunway Pinnacle
During survey, engineers need to find the most suitable place for dB (Power Line) and RRU
installation. The engineers also need to find the proper placement or route for the CPRI and
Power cable. This involve a lot of work inside the premises which the engineers need a
guidance from the top authorities of the building. Lastly, engineers also need to find the
placement for the antenna (Omni/ Panel) throughout the each floor of the building. IBC’s
project normally covers for 3G and 4G signal inside the building. This is because, 3G and
4G wavelength are much shorter than 2G’s wavelength. Hence, 3G and 4G radio wave is
enough to cover for voice call, text message, and data packet transmission (Internet) inside
the premises. Installation will be done shortly as soon as the company won the bid (Bidding
for New Site/ Receive new project from Operator).
ii. Site Survey Report (SSR)
After the survey is finished, the author supervised by the RFS’s senior engineer need to file
a written report that will be used to calculate and analyse every cost, equipment and material
that will be used during the installation process.

13. 13
iii. Bidding for New Site/ Receive new project from Operator
Right after SSR is completed, RFS Company will submit it to the operator showing the
budget for the New Site installation. If the cost & budget are optimized enough, operator
will choose the company to do the installation. The chosen company will pioneer the telco
signal on that building.
iv. Installation (Small Cell/ New Site)
Installation is done right after the equipment is shipped from the Vendor (Huawei).
Operators will order new shipment from Vendor and the new equipment will be sent directly
to the assigned telco company, in this case RFS Sdn Bhd.
Figure 3: RFS's engineers are installing Main Frame, RRU, DCDU in the Server Room

14. 14
Figure 4: RRU placement after the installation is
finished
Figure 5: dB Power Source and Alarm System
placement in a frame
Figure 6: Proper installation of DCDU

15. 15
v. Labelling
Labelling (Housekeeping) is done after all the installation of the equipment is finished. Each
equipment even the smallest wire need to be labelled, and the labelled must be properly
presented or else the operator would not be satisfied resulting in failure to get payment for
the project.
Figure 7: Example of a good labelling on RRU Figure 8: Example of label before equipped on
equipment
vi. Walk Test
Upon the completion of housekeeping, the assigned engineers need to do the walk test to
test out the signal coverage inside the building. This walk test is will be recorded by NEMO
HANDY Application & Software customized in a Nokia N-Series phone.
Several characteristic that need to be tested during walk test are;
a. Signal strength
Walking around each floor that need to be tested at least 3 times each floor, to avoid
uncertainties in the results obtained.
b. Voice call
Walking with an engage phone call to measure the output signal and the stability of
the frequency of the antenna.

16. 16
c. Video call
Same as voice call, but video call is done to test the speed of the data packet. Stable
data packet speed will provide smooth video transmission.
All these characteristics that are being tested are tested accordingly by their Sector (Sector1/
Sector 2/ Sector 3). Each Sector need to be tested differently because a sudden change in
Sector will cause a Drop Call, as each sector covers different areas in the building.
Figure 9: Example of Walk Test Results
The colours on the Walk Test results show the signal strength on that particular vicinity.
Dark green is the best signal, followed by light green which is good signal, and then lastly
yellow which is moderate signal. There’s no red colour on the test results which means the
average strength of the signal is good and the engineers have put the antenna all in the
precise placement.
vii. Site Design Documentation (SDD/ Site Folder)
Site Design Documentation or known as SDD/ Site Folder is the final report that will be
sent to the operator after every process from the earliest until the final process has been
completed. SDD/ Site Folder includes everything that the operator needs to know about the
project. Site Design Documentation is the general name mainly used by Maxis and Umobile
operator while Celcom operator prefer Site Folder.

17. 17
Outdoor Construction (GABS) Department
Figure 4: Flowchart of working flow/ process in GABS department
Radio Frequency Service Sdn Bhd Outdoor Construction’s project cover the whole
peninsular Malaysia but it’s mostly concentrated at KV, Southern (Johor and Melaka), and
Northern (Kelantan and Terengganu). GABS project covers more area thus the department
can be further sub-divided into two which are the Site Team and the Documentation Team.
The Site Team are all consists of engineers that will do the Integration & Commissioning,
UAT, and Acceptance while The Documentation Team are the office worker that
documented all the engineers test results.
i. Survey (Sub-Con)
Survey for GABS project is not done by RFS’s engineers but subbed to the contractor
(smaller company) as the work involve a lot of hard labour. Hence, the author didn’t involve
in GABS’s survey work but this is still an important work if the author is involve.
ii. Site Survey Report (SSR)
After the survey is finished, sub-con will submit the necessary information needed for the
project at the given site; same as SSR for IBC.
Survey (Sub-Con)
Site Survey
Report (SSR)
Installation (Small
Cell/ New Site)
Integration &
Commissioning
(3G & 4G
upgrade)
User Acceptance
Test (UAT)
Site Design
Documentation
(SDD) /Site
Folder
Acceptance

18. 18
iii. Installation (Small Cell/ New Site)
GABS installation project also doesn’t involve the author because CIDB Green Card is
needed if the author need to enter the premises or project site.
iv. Integration & Commissioning (3G & 4G upgrade)
Integration & Commissioning is done to upgrade the server in any site basically from 2G
(G900) to 3G (W900). This can be done because G900 and W900 share the same frequency
which is at 900Hz. The same principles applies when upgrading 2G (G1800) to 4G (L1800)
as both of these share the same frequency at 1800Hz. Hence, a 2G network can be readily
upgraded to 4G given the antenna at that site supports the frequency. If engineers wanted to
upgrade from 3G to 4G, the antenna need to be swapped with the new antenna as 3G
network frequency only consists of W2100 and W900, while 4G network frequency consists
of L1800 and L2600.
Upgrading line from 2G (G900) to 3G (W900) or 2G (G1800) to 4G (L1800) is a matter of
software, which means it can be done without changing the hardware (antenna). The first
step is to download the script file from operating server (Maxis, Celcom, Umobile) known
as eNode c230. This script will be uploaded into the Universal Main Processing &
Transmission Unit (UMPT) Card on the given telco site. After uploading the script,
engineers need to make sure there’s no error in running the new software with the old
hardware (antenna). Next, the license is installed and engineers need to wait for a few
minutes before the ping test is done. If the looping of the ping test is successful, the upgrade
is a success.
Figure 10: Site engineers doing Integration & Commissioning with Intern

19. 19
v. User Acceptance Test
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) - also called beta testing, application testing, and/or end
user testing - is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the "real
world" by the intended audience or a business representative, in this case RFS Sdn Bhd.
UAT is done by the GABS’s Site Team and UAT is done right after Integration &
Commissioning (upgrade) is successful.
The major test that are done are for 3G (HSDPA) and 4G (LTE) which are tested by the
same characteristics. These tests must satisfy the required values for the tests to be
considered accepted by the operator/ mobile carrier;
a) Voice call
For voice call, 3G line must pass 3 voice calls while 4G line must pass 30 voice
calls in a range amount of time.
b) Text messages
For text messages, 3G line must pass 3 text messages while 4G line must pass
30 text messages in a range amount of time.
c) Download speed
For download speed, 3G line must pass 40Mbps and 4G line must pass 70Mbps
in a range of 2 minutes.
d) Upload speed
For upload speed, 3G line must pass 20Mbps and 4G line must pass 45Mbps
also in a range of 3 minutes.
e) Ping
For ping test, all 100 loops of dialling must be passed without any errors in
between for both 3G line and 4G line.

20. 20
Figure 11: Intern doing UAT with supervising site engineer
vi. Site Design Documentation (SDD/ Site Folder)
Site Design Documentation or Site Folder is the final process need to be done by the
company before they can proceed with the Site Verify. SDD/ Site Folder will consists of
every test results that have been done by the Site Engineers.
Figure 12: This is an example of SDD’s cover
page
SDD is the final document for Maxis
and Umobile Operator, while Site Folder
is the final document for Celcom
Operator.

21. 21
Discussion
It is necessary to reinforce the need for proper training approach with more implementable
actions by developing best practice guidelines and standards. Furthermore, there is a need to
adequately recognize the significance of good practices which link personal and professional
development. The ample evidence of deficiencies in early exposure of professional working
environment fall under the following categories:
i. Trainees have little understanding of telecommunication engineering
ii. Trainees show deficient knowledge of the business of engineering
iii. Trainees are prepared to do research but are not prepared to apply their knowledge to
practical industry problems
An important insight of the discussion is the need to better address the demand of training
budget. This has implications for the way the training plans will be executed. Even more
importantly, it will have implications for the substantive direction of self-development and
awareness initiatives
There is a need for greater involvement of academics to monitor the training progress. In
addition, academics involvement would provide necessary support and advice at some stage in
training period. Trainees are in need of improvement, provision and support of work options
towards which educational opportunities are geared.

22. 22
Problems and Challenges Faced
There were many problems and challenges faced during the author’s internship period in terms
of coordination among various aspects for developing more effective collaborations for optimal
learning resource. The author has categorized it into three:
i. Management
During training at RFS Company, the author has not been given any training schedule.
This causes poor time management for some of the week of internship. While some
other weeks, the tasks given need a lot of extra times to be completed which needs the
author to stay at the site until midnight.
ii. Adapting to a new culture
The first challenge that the author faced was adapting to the new, real working
environment. The campus environment and the working environment are two
completely different environments. In a working environment, it requires a different
level of commitment and discipline since office hours is fixed and job requires the
utmost integrity from the workers. The industrial internship programme has become an
induction for the students to the working life. To overcome these challenges, the author
took the time to slowly learn the work culture in the host company, and always ask if
there is anything in mind. This has contributed a lot to the author in the process of
adapting to the new environment.
iii. Opportunities
One of the biggest issues being known was how to harness the opportunities in
telecommunication industries. The author was given a desk study on the understanding
of what the business needs and what is his role in this company. The reference point
must be the objectives of the business. Their needs should be the basis for the author’s
day-to-day activities. The purpose was to make the author aware that knowledge and
information can support development and improve the quality of working.

23. 23
Conclusions
When concluding the whole internship period, it is important to focus on the initial objectives
of the internship. The main objectives of the industrial internship are to introduce students to
work culture and industrial practices, and also to promote theory integration. Study at university
should be enhanced by the opportunity to relate academic and professional aspects of
engineering disciplines.
Reflecting upon the statement above, there are many gains that were obtained during the
internship that the author felt would have been a great value. They are all very important. The
biggest knowledge gain of this internship was understood the importance of safety in explosives
handling, and how to manage it in the safest way.
Inquiry had become a very natural part of the author. The author constantly wanted to know
more, and somehow began to see the importance of inquiry among the engineers the author
worked with. Through effective leadership and management, the author was able to broaden
the areas of choice, and through dialogues with each other, the author learned the importance
of empowering interactions with various people within the organization.
After 10 weeks of training at Radio Frequency Services Sdn Bhd, the author has met the
objectives for industrial internship programme for UPM students.

24. 24
Recommendation
i. Lengthen the internship period to six (6) months or more
10 weeks of training is actually not enough for the trainee to grab as much knowledge
as they can. Short period of training is not enough for us to explore a deep knowledge
regarding on many things.
ii. Supports
Provision of ongoing training programs is necessary for students to develop awareness
of the needs of improvement and provide reasonable adjustments. If students perceive
that many academics have little understandings or are not supportive of their needs, this
can create further barriers to student’s disclosing and possibly asking for the necessary
adjustments.
iii. Partnership
UPM should establish research partnership with other business sector. One of the aims
of research cooperation is to strengthen research infrastructure, as it is important to the
development of regional, research-driven clusters. The aim should be to bring about a
strong commitment from the both parties in the establishment and use of expertise in
the scientific, technical, and industrial development that these research centres will
promote.
References
1. 2G, 3G, Next-G, 4G - What's the difference? (2015). Retrieved from
https://www.telcoantennas.com.au/site/guide-to-mobile-networks
2. RFS History. Retrieved from http://www.rfsworld.com/rfs-history,567,1.html

25. 25
Abbreviations & List of Definition
3G HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
4G LTE Long-Term Evolution
BBU Wireless base station - Baseband Unit
BTS Base
Station
A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates
wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network.
dB Power line
dB measures the power of a signal as a function of its ratio to another
standardized value and dB stands for decibel
DCDU Direct Current Distribution Unit
Drop Call
Drop call happened during walk test when the engineer walk out of the
tested sector.
GABS RFS's outdoor department
IBC RFS's in-building department
In-House Project manage by RFS's engineers
Omni Antenna Antenna that covers network signal in a radius
Operators Mobile carrier (Maxis, Umobile, Celcom, Digi)
Panel Antenna
Antenna that covers network signal in 1 direction (normally used on a
ramp)
RRU Remote Radio Unit
SDD Documentation for Maxis and Umobile
Site Folder Documentation for Celcom
Site Sign
Site Sign is checking out the item/ equipment that has been received from
the Huawei waiting list
SSR
Site Survey Report is a report written after Survey at given site is done by
the engineers
Sub-Con Small contractor company paid for installation on new site
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Vendor Vendor is the main supplier (Huawei, Ericcsson, Motorola, Rosenberger)