Industrial internet of things is associated to cyber physical system, operational technology with integration to Information technology.

2. By
Faisal Ghazanfar, SO,APCIC
M.Sc.(electronics),MS(CS)
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

3. Overview (Part 1)
• IIoT is a subset of IoT
• Introduction to Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)
• Cyber Physical system
• Understanding IIoT
– Smart factories
– The Industry 4.0 strategy
– Industrial Internet
– Factories of the Future
• Notable Developments & Initiatives

4. Overview (Part 2)
• IIoT Architecture
– Communication methods of IoT devices (ITU)
– General Architecture requirements
– IUT Architecture
– IIC reference Architecture
• Five Business roles in IIoT
• Basic Technologies in IIoT
• Applications and challenges of IIoT

5. IIoT is subset of IoT

6. Introduction to IIoT
• Industrial internet of things, is part of general IoT
evaluation. In the industrial environment, the effort for
smart factories, the Industry 4.0 strategy , the
Industrial Internet, and the European initiative for the
Factories of the Future (FoF) have initiated the
adoption of IoT in industry with the goals of increasing
flexibility and productivity, while reducing production
cost. This developing concept is termed as Industrial
IoT (IIoT)
• All above systems based on “Cyber Physical system”.

7. Cyber Physical System (Definition)
CPS are physical and engineered systems whose
operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled
and integrated by a computing and
communication core
Or
CSP are integrations of computation with physical
processes. Embedded computers and networks
monitor and control the physical processes,
usually with feedback loops where physical
processes affect computations and vice versa.

8. Cyber physical system
• Cyber physical system (CPS)
– involves transdisciplinary approaches of
• Cybernetics
• Mechatronics
• Design and process science/embedded systems
– Higher levels of automation that enables mass
customized manufacturing and production of goods
and services
– Flexibility in CPS by the easily programmable,
configurable, and controllable manufacturing lines.

9. Cyber Physical System

10. CPS Architecture
• CPS is Integrations of
computation with
physical processes.
• Combination of physical
system and Cyber system
• A physical system
comprises of Actuators
and sensors
• Cyber system contains on
networking/communicati
on, computing, data
storage & processing,

11. INDUSTRIAL

12. Introduction to IIoT
• Industrial internet of things, is part of general IoT
evaluation.
• In the industrial environment, the effort for
– Smart factories,
– The Industry 4.0 strategy ,
– Industrial Internet, and the European initiative for
– Factories of the Future (FoF) have initiated the
adoption of IoT in industry with the goals of increasing
flexibility and productivity, while reducing production
cost. This developing concept is termed as Industrial
IoT (IIoT)

13. Basic structure of IIOT
The IIoT implementation into Industrial
environment are associated to the followings
1. Smart factories
2. The Industry 4.0 strategy
3. Industrial Internet
4. Factories of the Future

14. 1. Smart factories
• The smart factories are based on cyber
physical system.
• Do smart manufacturing
• The factories embodies the goals of industry
4.0 strategy to large scale are known as smart
factories.

15. (I)IoT in Smart factories

16. Smart Manufacturing

17. Ratesofadoptionfor11
Emergingtechnologies
insmartmanufacturing

18. 2. The Industry 4.0 strategy
• Initiative in Germany that target to bring IoT
technology to the manufacturing and production
sector
• Initiated because of
– High quality
– Low cost production
• Cyber physical system (CPS)
– Higher levels of automation that enables mass customized
manufacturing and production of goods and services
– Flexibility in CPS by the easily programmable, configurable,
and controllable manufacturing lines.

19. Industry 4.0 strategy
• is based on
– The widespread deployment
– Use of computational and communication resources.
• The Industrie 1.0Steam Engine
• The Industrie 2.0Electricity
• The Industrie 3.0Computer, Automation, PLC,SCADA
• The Industrie 4.0 significant advances in high
performance, low-power processors, memories, and
communication components that enable efficient
processing and networking.

20. Industrie 4.0 strategy

21. Industrie 4.0 strategy
• Smart phones
– Thousands of applications specially for transportation and
communication
– Mobile banking
– Health monitoring
• Smart television
– Customized TV control on various types of channel
– Management of internet gamming
– Various entertainment services
• Smart home appliance
– Home device management
– Reduced operational cost and increase living quality

23. 2. Industrial internet
• Heterogeneous devices are required to
communicate
• In normal mode we used IPv6 for LAN and WAN
• When we talk about
– Technologies of machine-to-machine communication,
– SCADA, HMI, Industrial data analytics,
– Cyber-security system
– Supervisory controls
– Data acquisition system (SCADA)
• Connection through wireless communication?

24. Industrial internet
• Industrial and IP-enabled low-power wireless
networking technologies needs low-power wireless
solutions with
– strict reliability
– power consumption requirements of industrial
applications.
– Easy to integrate in industrial environment
• These solutions are based on Time- Synchronized
Channel Hopping, a medium access control technique
at the heart of industrial standards such as
– WirelessHART
– ISA100.11a
– IEEE802.15.4e.

25. Operational Technology (OT vs IT)
• PLC +SCADA  relationship  industrial network 
known in IoT as a OT (operational technology)
• OT has traditionally evolved independently from the
typical IT technology, because OT addresses the
strong requirements such as
– continuous operation,
– safety,
– real-time operation, etc.
• Challenge: The integration of these OT systems with
the traditional enterprise IT systems at many levels,
from enterprise management to cyber security.

27. 4. Factories of the future
The future factories are commonly divided into
three kinds
A. Smart factories
B. Connected factories
C. Virtual factories

28. 4A. Smart factories
• Enabler of cyber physical
system-as a tools
• AI based testing (making log
and do predictions)
• Maximize Resource
Utilization
• Sustainable Manufacturing
• Reconfigurable Processes
and Systems
• Minimal Downtime
• E.g: Fujitsu-Augsburg-
Germany

29. 4B. Connected factories
• All devices are connected to each other
• Components include Sensors, Actuators,
Transducers, Controllers, Display, Computers,
Workstations
• Integration with Business Decision Making
• Examples of connecting factories: CISCO
router and other products update online, IT
solutions

30. Connected factories

31. 4C. Virtual factories
• Advanced decision
support capability
• 3D Modeling of Entire
Plant
• Access to all processes
from a workstation
• Real world simulation
prior to implementation
• CAD/CAM designing

32. Virtual components

33. Detailed planning (virtual machine)

34. Concept planning (3D visualization)

37. Notable Developments & Initiatives
Cisco Connected Factory
 Designed for industrial applications
 Complete IT integration (OT and IT)
Rockwell Automation: Factory Talk® Services Platform
 Integration of Factory Floor
 Live Data
 Central Administration of Key Functions
 Multi-vendor Connectivity
Intel
 Collaboration with Cologne University of Applied Sciences and Computacenter
 Developing Solutions for Smart IT Infrastructure
Siemens
 Siemens electronics factory in Augsburg, Germany
 PLM software (Product life cycle management )
 Virtual simulation and machines
 Intelligent control of manufacturing process

38. Architectural
patterns in an
IIoT

39. Every thing need to connect

40. Connecting The physical world to the web

41. Development of IIoT Architecture
• ITU  International Telecommunication Union
2012 (ITU-T-Y.2060 references guidelines)
– Smart grid
– Intelligent transportation system
– E-heath
• Industrial Internet consortium (IIC) also work
on reference architecture of IIoT. Published
version 1.7 in 2017 known as industrial
internet reference architecture.

42. Communication methods of IoT devices (ITU)

43. Communication methods of IoT devices (ITU)
• Devices can be simply data-carrying
communicating Storing data and
• Data-capturing interacting with the physical
objects through reader and writers
• Sensing and actuating devices
• General-purpose devices with embedded
processing and communication resources,
such as machines, appliances, and consumer
electronic products.

44. General Architecture requirements
• ITU include
– interoperability,
– identification-based connectivity,
– autonomy in networking and services,
– accommodation of location-based services,
security and privacy
– capabilities for management of things and
services, including plug and play.

45. IUT Architecture of (I)IoT
• ITU accommodates fundamental characteristic of
IoT such as
– Interconnectivity, scale (devices and data issues,
management, storage and processing), Heterogeneity,
services for things
– Dynamic nature of device information, and
connectivity
• Almost include all “things” that means things are
identifiable and able to connect to
communication network

46. (I)IoT reference model by ITU

47. (I)IoT reference model by ITU

48. Device layer
• Devices that transmit and receive information
over the communication network directly, i.e.,
without using any gateway
• Devices that communicate information
• (transmitting and receiving) through gateways
• Devices that communicate directly without the
use of the communication network but being
able to communicate over local networks or to
form ad hoc networks
• Devices that are able to selectively turn on and
off functionality in order to save operating power

49. Device layer
• The device layer includes all relevant
communication technologies,
– wired and wireless, such as CAN bus, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.
– Device layer includes protocol conversion,
because devices may implement different
protocols, and, thus, needs protocol conversion
for interoperability.

51. Network layer
• Encapsulation of device data and related protocol
conversion
• The layer includes functionality for the network
and transport layers in the OSI protocol reference
model
• include control functionality for
– network connectivity, mobility, authentication,
– authorization, and accounting,
• Also include user traffic transport as well as the
transport of control and management
information for (I)IoT service and applications.

52. Service support and application support layer
• Includes both generic and service/application-specific
functionality (capabilities) that enable (I)IoT
applications and services.
• Considering the distributed nature of (I)IoT services
and applications, there exists generic functionality,
such as data processing and storage, as well as
specialized functionality, per application and service,
since emerging services have different requirements
• For example, smart grid operation places different
privacy requirements than an intelligent toll
management system for transportation services

54. Application layer
• Highest layer of IIoT reference model
• An application view and command by user
• It include IoT or IIoT services and applications
such as send some information to smart
device. Perform some task machine e.g 3D
printing, CNC job running etc

56. Management & security layer
(Include two functionality)
• General functions
– authorization, authentication,
– integrity and confidentiality at all layers
(configuration)
– privacy at the application layer
– Secure routing at the network layer (topology)
– access control at all layers
• Application domain specific functions
– that meet application requirements, such as smart
meter monitoring in smart grids.

57. Five Business roles in (I)IoT
1. Device provider
2. Network provider
3. Platform provider
4. Application provider
5. Application customer

58. (I)IoT Business models-ITU

59. (I)IoT Business models-ITU
• In model 1: the same organization has the
roles of device, network platform, and
application provider
• Model 2, one stakeholder has the roles of
device, network, and platform provider and
another stockholder has the role of the
application provider.

60. Open nature of (I)IoT
(limits of ITU-12)
• Number of connecting devices increases day by day
increase complexity
• ITU Architecture vision is to increase communication of
“any things”, “any time” and “anyplace”
• Decision support system of machines not present in
ITU
• all stakeholders that are
• ITU Not involved all stakeholders such as system
engineer, product manager, end user etc
• Integration of IT and OT

61. IIoT Architecture (IIC17)
• Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) focuses on
similar concepts (like ITU) and develops a
reference IIoT architecture that has several
similarities with the ITU approach and
reference model.
• IIC-17 is Specialized evolution of the ITU
model
• Focused on stakeholders needs and interest

62. IIC Architecture approach
• IIC approach to see the interests and concerns of all
types of stakeholders in an integrated way, (focus on
complete business models and applications at all
levels, from devices to IIoT services.)
• Different stakeholders who need to make different
decisions at different levels of abstraction.
• Stakeholders are focus on the parameters of interest
• For this purpose, IIC has identified four different
viewpoints: (a) Business, (b) Usage, (c) Functional,
• and (d) Implementation.

63. Operational technology (OT) system in IIoT
• OT is a pert of Industrial control System (ICS)
• OT is mostly developed and owned by control and
operations engineers
• OT employ different technologies for processing,
communications, and interfaces because they interface
directly with the environment through sensors and
actuators
• OT is managed by their owners independently, since they
are typically part of demanding systems and services in
terms of
– Dependability
– Continuous operation
– Real time operation, and safety.

64. Integration of IT and OT
• Integration of IT and OT in a unified model,
the IIC approach to the reference architecture
divides IIoT systems in five domains
• These five domains are
(a) Control
(b) Operations
(c) Information
(d) Application
(e) Business.

65. IIC reference architecture (functional domains)

66. Lifecycleprocessistobe
specializedforeachindustrial
sector

67. IIC reference architecture domains
• The control domain is realized by industrial
control system (actuator, sensors and physical system loop)
• The operation domain includes system
monitoring and management as well as
optimization for the efficient operation of the
systems.
• Information domain is responsible for collecting
data from all domains and analyzing them to
enable high-level decisions for the system,

68. IIC reference architecture domains
• The application domain is the set of APIs and
user interfaces so that other applications or
human users can use the application
effectively.
• The business domain related to management
and decision system such as enterprise
resource planning systems (ERP),
manufacturing execution systems (MES),

69. IIC reference architecture vs ITU
• The diagram shows the data and control flow among the
domains, as specified by IIC
• It is not a layered approach as ITU represents
• It is a logical functional decomposition within a layer or
across layers in a hierarchy
• The IIC approach and the ITU approach are complementary
• IIC is generalized reference architecture of ITU because it
includes
– crosscutting functions analogous to the ITU layers,
– it enables the development of more detailed functional models per
layer addressing complete control loops
– It providing support to all types of stakeholders – from device
designers to business developers – for effective decision making.

70. Basic technologies in IIoT

71. Basic technologies in IIoT
• The basic technologies that enable the
evolution of IIoT are
– The sensors and actuators
– Cyber-physical systems,
– Communications and networking technologies
that enable their connectivity, among systems,
including enterprise networks.

72. Basic technologies in IIoT
• Microchip’s identification information to a reader
over wireless media (RFID-1980’s- logistics and supply chain
management)
• Wireless sensor networks (WSN)-issues (range
for communication , battery sensors)
– WLAN, Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc
• Application protocols that are suitable for the
various IIoT application domains such as
– Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
– Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
– Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)

73. Applications & challenges IIoT
• Wide range of IoT application domain
• PLC+ SCADAICS
• Industrial control system (ICS) when add with
IIoT services  make critical infrastructure of
industry 4.0.

74. Applications of IIoT

75. Applications of IIoT
• Power distribution networks
– Electrical network (wind, solar, hydro plants)
– electricity production, distribution, and consumption
processes
• water distribution and management networks
• oil and gas distribution networks
– Managing pipelines and storage tanks
• Transportation
– operation and management of traffic lights, for toll
payments etc

76. IIoT challenges

77. Challenges of IIoT
• Despite its maturity, the sector presents quite
challenging problems for its next generations.
• In energy sector (electricity production) the
faults findings in distribution of electricity at
smart grid level is still a challenge the
algorithms are not highly optimized to identify
the faults (localization and isolation)

78. IIoT challenges
 Interoperability
 Scalability
 Flexibility
 Security
 Energy Efficiency
 Adoptibility
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance

79. CONCLUSION
 The existing network architecture cannot
accommodate the voluminous number of smart
devices expected in the future.
 Finally, we conclude that in the foreseeable
future, scalable, flexible, energy-efficient,
interoperable, and secure network architectures
will be required, as the existing ones can only
support a limited number of devices.

80. References
• Springer International Publishing AG 2018 37; D. Serpanos,
M. Wolf, Internet-of-Things (IoT) Systems,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69715-4_5
• http://www.slideshare.net/FrostandSullivan
• Bluetooth specifications. https://www.bluetooth.com
• Industrial Internet Consortium. http://www.iiconsortium.org/
• IIC. (2017). The industrial Internet of Things volume G1:
Reference architecture. IIC:PUB:G1:V1.80:20170131.
• Germany Trade and Invest. (2014, July). Industrie 4.0 smart
manufacturing for the future.
• https://iiot-world.com

81. References
• ITU-T. Overview of the Internet of Things. ITU-T SERIES Y:
Global information. Infrastructure Internet protocol aspects and
next-generation networks, recommendation Y.20606/2012.
• Zuehlke, D. (2010). Smart Factory—Towards a factory-of-things.
Annual Reviews in
• Control, 34(1), 129–138.
• ZigBee specifications. http://www.zigbee.org/
• Antonopoulos, C., et al. (2016). Integrated toolset for WSN
application planning development
• commissioning and maintenance: The WSN-DPCM ARTEMIS-JU
Project. MDPI, Sensors
• https://digital.hbs.edu/platform-rctom/submission/humans-vs-
machines-who-will-manage-the-factory-of-the-future/

82. THANK YOU
Faisal Ghazanfar, SO,APCIC,
PCSIR Labs. Complex Karachi
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/faisal-ghazanfar-1664853b/
Slide share: https://www.slideshare.net/faisal_ghazanfar