INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

UNIT-1 [INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE]
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS
INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
Meaning of Internet:
The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world
Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere
with an Internet connection.
How Does the Internet Work?
Computers that we use every day are called clients because they are indirectly connected to
the Internet through an internet service provider. When you open a webpage on your
computer, you connect to the webpage, and then you can access it. Computers break the
information into smaller pieces called packets, which are reassembled in their original order.
If we put the right address on a packet and send it to any computer which is connected as part
of the internet, each computer would figure out which cable to send it down next so that it
would get to its destination. With several computers on a network, it may create c
even with unique addresses. This transfer of messages is handled by the Packet Routing
Network, and hence a router is required to set up.
1 [INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE]
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS - II
UNIT-1
a vast network that connects computers all over the world
with an Internet connection.
How Does the Internet Work?
n internet service provider. When you open a webpage on your
right address on a packet and send it to any computer which is connected as part
would get to its destination. With several computers on a network, it may create c
Network, and hence a router is required to set up.
1 [INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE] Mr.Chethan.S
Page 1
a vast network that connects computers all over the world.
n internet service provider. When you open a webpage on your
right address on a packet and send it to any computer which is connected as part
would get to its destination. With several computers on a network, it may create confusion

The Transfer Control Protocol is another system that makes sure no packet is lost or left
behind because it might create a disrupted message at the receiving end.
The below are the steps for how the message is transferred.
First, Computer1 sends a message by IP address to Computer2
The message sent by Computer1 is broken into small pieces
These small pieces- packets are transferred concerning Transfer Protocol so that the
quality is maintained.
Finally, these small pieces
address.
The Internet works in a more complex manner than these above
give a basic idea of how the internet works.
it might create a disrupted message at the receiving end.
The below are the steps for how the message is transferred.
First, Computer1 sends a message by IP address to Computer2
The message sent by Computer1 is broken into small pieces- packets.
packets are transferred concerning Transfer Protocol so that the
Finally, these small pieces- packets reach Computer2 and are reassembled at their IP
The Internet works in a more complex manner than these above-given steps, but this might
give a basic idea of how the internet works.
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packets are transferred concerning Transfer Protocol so that the
packets reach Computer2 and are reassembled at their IP
en steps, but this might

UNIT-1 [INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE] Mr.Chethan.S
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS - II Page 3
Ways to Connect To Internet
The different ways in which one can connect to the Internet are discussed below in brief:
Dial-Up – In such connections, users are required to link their phone line to a
computer to access the Internet. Under this connection, the user cannot make or
receive phone calls through tier home phone service
Broadband – Provided either through cable or phone companies, Broadband is a
high-speed internet connection which is widely used today
Wireless Connection – Wi-fi and Mobile service providers fall under this category.
Internet connectivity is made via radio waves and the Internet can be connected
anywhere, irrespective of the location. Given below are a few examples of wireless
connection:
Wi-fi – Wireless Fidelity or wi-fi allows high-speed internet connectivity
without the use of wires
Mobile Phones – All smartphones are now equipped with an option for
Internet connectivity which can be availed using Internet vouchers and packs.
No external connection or wire is required for these
Satellite – Where broadband connections are unavailable, satellites are used
for wireless Internet connectivity
Integrated Services Digital Network – ISDN allows users to sent audio or
video data using telephone lines
Internet Connection Protocols
Protocols are a set of rules that help in governing the way in which any particular body or
technology works.
Internet Connection Protocols can be divided into three major types:
• TCP/IP Network Model – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol
(IP) are the most widely used protocols for connecting networks. It divides any
message into a series of packets which are sent from source to destination
• File Transfer Protocol – Program files, multimedia files, text files, documents, etc.
can be transferred from one device to another, using FTP
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol – Used for transferring a hypertext from one device to
two or more devices. HTML tags are used for creating links and these links may be in
the form of text or images

Meaning of Computer Networks
A group of computers which are connected to each other and follow similar
usage protocols for the purpose of sharing information an
communications provided by the networking nodes is called a Computer
Network.
Types of Computer Networks
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
• Systems connected in a small network like in a building or a small office
• It is inexpensive
• It uses Ethernet or Token
• Two or more personal computers can be connected through wires or cables acting as
nodes
• Transfer of data is fast and is highly secure.
Meaning of Computer Networks
usage protocols for the purpose of sharing information an
Types of Computer Networks
LAN (Local Area Network) –
Systems connected in a small network like in a building or a small office
Ethernet or Token-ring technology
Two or more personal computers can be connected through wires or cables acting as
Transfer of data is fast and is highly secure.
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usage protocols for the purpose of sharing information and having
Systems connected in a small network like in a building or a small office
Two or more personal computers can be connected through wires or cables acting as

2. PAN (Personal Area Network)
• The smallest computer network
• Devices may be connected through Bluetooth or other infra
devices
• It has a connectivity range of upto 10 metres
• It covers an area of upto 30 feet
• Personal devices belonging to a single person can be connected to each other
using PAN
PAN (Personal Area Network) –
The smallest computer network
be connected through Bluetooth or other infra-red enables
It has a connectivity range of upto 10 metres
It covers an area of upto 30 feet
Personal devices belonging to a single person can be connected to each other
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red enables
Personal devices belonging to a single person can be connected to each other

3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• A network that can be connected within a city, for example, cable TV Connection
• It can be in the form of Ethernet.
• It has a higher range
• This type of network can be used to connect citizens with the various Organizations
ropolitan Area Network) –
A network that can be connected within a city, for example, cable TV Connection
It can be in the form of Ethernet.
It has a higher range
This type of network can be used to connect citizens with the various Organizations
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A network that can be connected within a city, for example, cable TV Connection
This type of network can be used to connect citizens with the various Organizations

4. WAN (Wide Area Network) –
• A network which covers over a country or a larger range of people
• Telephonic lines are also connected through WAN
• Internet is the biggest WAN in the world
• Mostly used by Government Organizations to manage data and information
5. VPN (Virtual Private Network): –
• A network which is constructed by using public wires to connect to a private network
• There are a number of systems which enable you to create networks using the Internet
as a medium for transporting data
• These systems use encryptions and other security mechanisms to ensure only
authorized users can access

Pros of Internet
Easy Access to Information – Information on anything and everything
are available online. The Internet makes it convenient to learn about new
things at any point in time and get details on various subjects, irrespective
of time and place
Platform for Online Education – With the advanced technology, even
students and adults wish to learn new things and gaining knowledge at
various online portals has become more accessible
Job Hunting – Employers can look for employees on the internet and the
job seekers can apply online for jobs using the Internet
Platform to become an Entrepreneur – Today, thousands of people
have started their own websites and getting good business and
users/customers by making their own websites and selling products or
services. This has become accessible due to Internet connectivity
Visual and Graphical Representation of Things – Various researches
have shown that a person tends to get more engaged with a graphical
representation of things. Internet has made this facility also convenient
for both user and creator

Reduced the parameter of Distance – Social media has reduced the
distance between people as communication has become much easier
because of Internet connection
Cons of Internet
Dependency – The dependency of people for looking things and
information online has increased massively since the introduction of
Internet and its easy access
Cyber Crime – People do not just use internet for learning purposes,
cybercrime has also been at a distinctive high because of effortless
availability of resources
Distraction – People can easily find online games, interesting
information, etc. online which may be a cause of distraction for may
Bullying and Trolls – Online platforms are being used for unethical
practices like bullying people and trolling them
The Internet Today
Today, life without the internet is very difficult.
People do a lot of works daily on the internet. Everyone can learn
more and finds search information, instantly on internet.
In the modern world, people are addicted on the internet.
Especially the biggest websites like Face book, Google, YouTube,
Twitter, Yahoo, Amazon and many more.
Nowadays, people need to understand more and more. They want
to know the newest News. People can search and download
information on internet for free.
Sometimes, people make a good relationship with the help of
internet. Playing games, chatting with each others and sharing
photos are other benefits of internet.
Using the internet helps different cultures to get closer. The

internet increased awareness of people about social life.
Some of the places where the internet has made its strong
position :
Education
Railways
Banks
Business
Connecting with people
Connecting with people
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The Future Infrastructure of Internet
A. internet of things (IoT)
A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart
monitor implant, a farm animal with a
automobile that has built
pressure is low or any other natural or man
assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data
over a network.
The Future Infrastructure of Internet
A. internet of things (IoT)
in the internet of things can be a person with a heart
monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an
automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire
pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be
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in the internet of things can be a person with a heart
biochip transponder, an
to alert the driver when tire
made object that can be

How does IoT work?
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices
that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and
communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire
from their environments.
The devices do most of the work without human
intervention, although people can interact with the devices -- for
instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.

Twenty years ago, no one imagined a refrigerator would be able to
tell you when you were running low on milk or eggs. But in
today’s world, where smart appliances are able to sync with smart
phones, such marvels have become almost commonplace. Yet,
while video doorbell systems and voice-response microwaves
promise to enhance our lives, they also create potential privacy and
security threats.
Given the issue of heightened security, then, original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) must continue to take efforts to ensure that
vulnerabilities to over-the-air (OTA) updates and security patches
are eliminated before they can be exploited. If this is done before
updates are released, people will be able enjoy the benefits of the
internet of things while still protecting their privacy.
Example:

B. Ultra Fast 5G
5G is capable of handling massive t
the potential of 4G LTE, which happens to be the current norm. It will
enable you to download an HD movie in the blink of an eye i.e. in a
couple of seconds literally. It will also clear the bandwidth for other
tasks you want to perform over the internet.
C. Edge Hosting
Futuristic internet infrastructure involves a whole lot of edge hosting
networks. The operators who have realized the potential of over
top (OTT) markets have already started earning better profits by
entering these OTT markets via acquisitions. But ed
gaining real importance in the market since IoT and other event
processing opportunities rely on edge hosting networks to function.
5G is capable of handling massive traffics that mount up to 10 times
ant to perform over the internet.
networks. The operators who have realized the potential of over
entering these OTT markets via acquisitions. But edge hosting is
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raffics that mount up to 10 times
networks. The operators who have realized the potential of over-the-
ge hosting is

D. Google Fiber
Recently Google initiated its Google Fiber project which has made
the competition among
interesting. Google basically has a plan of making wireless internet
available to the remote areas where laying fiber
way too expensive.
telecommunications companies all the more
available to the remote areas where laying fiber-optic connections are
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telecommunications companies all the more
optic connections are

Intranet
Meaning:
Intranet is defined as private network of computers within an
organization with its own server and firewall. Moreover we can define
Intranet as:
Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are networked to be
connected to each other. PCs in intranet are not available to the
world outside of the intranet.
Usually each company or organization has their own Intranet
network and members/employees of that company can access
the computers in their intranet.
Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
Each computer in Intranet is also identified by a IP Address,
which is unique among the computers in that Intranet.

Benefits of Intranet
• Communication: Intranet offers easy and cheap communication
within an organization. Employees can communicate using chat,
e-mail or blogs.
• Time Saving: Information on Intranet is shared in real time.
• Collaboration: Information is distributed among the employees
as according to requirement and it can be accessed by the
authorized users, resulting in enhanced teamwork.
• Platform Independency: Intranet can connect computers and
other devices with different architecture.
• Cost Effective: Employees can see the data and other
documents using browser rather than printing them and
distributing duplicate copies among the employees, which
certainly decreases the cost.
• Workforce Productivity: Data is available at every time and
can be accessed using company workstation. This helps the
employees work faster.

• Business Management: It is also possible to deploy
applications that support business operations.
• Security: Since information shared on intranet can only be
accessed within an organization, therefore there is almost no
chance of being theft.
• Specific Users: Intranet targets only specific users within an
organization therefore, once can exactly know whom he is
interacting.
• Immediate Updates: Any changes made to information are
reflected immediately to all the users.
Drawbacks of Intranet

Uses of Intranet
A. Everyday essentials
• Company/operational announcements
• Instant messaging and employee directory
• Employee social network
• Support services
• Document sharing
B. HR services
• Shift management
• Time off requests
• Access to e-pay slips
• Internal recruitment and employee referrals
• Training portal
C. Employee Engagement
• Recognition of good work
• Social event calendar
• Integration with survey software
• Virtual suggestions box
Intranet vs. Internet

Industry Specific Solution for Intranet
1: Finance Technology
Financial technology organizations, especially legacy businesses in desperate
need of a culture facelift, can use their intranet’s powerful announcement
feature to improve communications and strengthen their corporate culture.
Companies can develop a prominent company feed used to manage important
messages and encourage their entire workforce to do the same. The intention of
this feed is to publish various recognition announcements—such as appreciation
posts, automated birthday and work anniversary congratulations, and more. This
can help drastically improve another employee engagement-wise serious office
environment and guide leadership as they work to create a dynamic culture.
2: Health Care
Health care professionals have to work together as a team to provide high-
quality care to their patients, but with rotating shift schedules, individual
employees’ work can often go unrecognized. It can be extremely valuable for
health care companies to use their intranets to focus on employee recognition
and rewards.
Using Workmate’s kudos feature to encourage employees to recognize and
reward their peers is an efficient tool to create a collaborative and enthusiastic
work culture in hospitals, clinics, and beyond. Employees can publish a post at
any time to officially thank any other employee. A reward program where
employees can receive gift cards branded corporate items or other thank-you
mementos can also be created.
3: Commercial Real Estate
A commercial real estate company can create an intranet with social feeds and a
number of different channels to let each specific team send messages and
updates to other departments or the entire company.
For example, an employee can post certain announcements to the social feed,
including welcoming new hires, sharing employees’ personal events (a new
baby!), shootouts to other teams or employees (like congratulating a real estate
agent for closing a deal), office culture updates, and more.

This experience makes communication and collaboration fun. Employees can
upload pictures from a corporate event and share them with the whole company.
They can also create and post surveys and polls—for example, “what type of
cake should we get to celebrate Susan’s birthday?”
Employees can also post memes and hash tags to their social feed, all to
increase camaraderie, collaboration, and teamwork. The company can even use
a powerful analytics dashboard to track active users and the overall engagement
level with the intranet over time.
Industry Specific Solution for Extranet
An extranet is a restricted public network that is shared on a limited basis.
Extranets are typically constructed using the internet with security features that
restrict access to authorized individuals and digital entities. The following are
illustrative examples of an extranet.
1. Project Extranet: A construction project uses an extranet to share
documents with stakeholders such as project management teams and
subcontractors. The extranet consists of a document management system
connected to the internet with security features that limit access to authorized
individuals.
2. Supplier Extranet: A retailer offers an extranet to supply chain partners to
facilitate processes such as invoice payment and reverse logistics. The extranet
consists of a custom built website that is restricted to authorized partners with
techniques such as two-factor authentication.
3. Integration: An ecommerce site integrates with a major retail partner to
automatically exchange inventory data using a secure overlay network on top of
the internet.
4. Employee Extranet: A restaurant chain offers employees an extranet that
allows them to view their timesheets and other data. The site also allows
employees to submit any concerns or recommendations they have without their
manager seeing it. The extranet allows the restaurant's corporate functions such
as human resources to connect directly to employees.

Extranet
Meaning:
Extranet refers to network within an organization, using internet to
connect to the outsiders in controlled manner. It helps to connect
businesses with their customers and suppliers and therefore allows
working in a collaborative manner.

Implementation of Extranet
• Extranet is implemented as a Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
because it uses internet to connect to corporate organization and
there is always a threat to information security. VPN offers a
secure network in public infrastructure (Internet).

• The packet is encapsulated at boundary of networks in IPSEC
complaint routers.
• It uses an encryption key to encapsulate packets and IP
addresses as well.
• The packet is decoded only by the IPSEC complaint routers or
servers.
• The message is sent over VPN via VPN Tunnel and this process
is known as tunneling.
• VPN uses Internet Protocol Security Architecture
(IPSEC) Protocol to provide secure transactions by adding an
additional security layer to TCP/IP protocol. This layer is
created by encapsulating the IP packet to a new IP packet as
shown in the following diagram:
Examples of Extranet
1. Manufacturing
Suppliers who have access to their customers’ extranet can use the
access to track their products. They can determine whether the
customer should be ready to place a new order, track previous orders,
and manage their inventory appropriately so that there is no supply
interruption.

2. Logistics and Distribution
Suppliers and vendors can upload documents to the extranet for
processing by a company’s accounting department. The extranet can
provide copies of previous invoices and related material for purchase
orders, if required.
3. Healthcare
An extranet allows different practitioners and care providers to share
their best practices with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. It
can be used to share research studies, images, drawings, written
opinions, and other materials in medical settings.
Benefits of Extranet
Communicate and collaborate more effectively - with clients,
customers and stakeholders via a secure network.
Integrate supply chains - eg consolidate processes such as
online ordering, order tracking and inventory management
Reduce costs - eg make manuals and technical documentation
available online to trading partners and customers
Improve business relationships - because of the close
collaborative working that extranets support
Improve customer service - eg give customers direct access to
information and enable them to resolve their own queries
Secure your communications - exchanges take place in a
controlled and secure environment
Work flexibly - extranet allows remote and mobile staff to
access core business information 24 hours a day, irrespective of
location

Issues of Extranet
Hosting
Where the extranet pages will be held i.e. who will host the extranet
pages. In this context there are two choices:
• Host it on your own server.
• Host it with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the same way
as web pages.
• But hosting extranet pages on your own server requires high
bandwidth internet connection which is very costly.
Security
Additional firewall security is required if you host extranet pages on
your own server which result in a complex security mechanism and
increase work load.
Accessing Issues
Information can not be accessed without internet connection.
However, information can be accessed in Intranet without internet
connection.
Decreased Interaction
It decreases the face to face interaction in the business which results
in lack of communication among customers, business partners and
suppliers.

Extranet vs. Intranet
Meaning of E-Mail
Known as Email (Electronic Mail), it is the most popular
communication system on the Internet.
us to send messages from local computers to remote
on a home network or a worldwide network such as the Internet.
system on the Internet. Email is a system that allows
us to send messages from local computers to remote computers
Page 28
Email is a system that allows
computers, be it

Advantages of Email
Immediacy: It allows you to send a message to anyone in the
world in a matter of seconds.
Asynchronous: You can send the email and let the person read
it whenever they want.
Free: Today, there are thousands of free email providers.
Send documents: You can send messages and attach personal
documents, photos, videos, and much more.
Simple learning curve: It is usually easy to learn how to send
emails, both personal and corporate.
Disadvantages of Email
Disk storage: Some free providers impose stringent limits on
their users, especially regarding the disk quota they assign to the
box.
Single box: Free providers also generally only allow you to
create one package unless you have a paid provider.
Requires Internet access: Both to send and to receive, you
need to have Internet access. You cannot use email offline.
Otherwise, you will not be able to send or receive from
the remote server.
Spam: Since its inception, a big problem with email is a large
amount of junk mail (spam) that you will receive daily or
weekly.

Types of Email
POP / Imap / SMTP mail
These are the protocols that allow you to configure email whether on
a mobile phone, desktop PC, notebook, or smart watch. IMAP is
one of the most common protocols for receiving email. IMAP
syncs messages across all devices. POP3 is another protocol for
receiving email on a single device. Using POP3 means that your
email will be accessible offline and deleted from the server.
Web-based mail
Webmail (or web-based email) is an email service that can be
accessed using a standard web browser. It contrasts with email
service accessible through a specialized email client software.
Common examples of webmail include email services from Yahoo!,
Hotmail, Gmail and other mainstream providers. Almost all of these
email services are free and offer huge amounts of storage.
Golden rules when Sending an Email
Try to be as brief as you can. Nobody likes to read a bible.
That’s what voice or audio messages are.
Try not to abbreviate words. Write to them correctly.
Please correct your spelling before submitting it.
Please choose the subject of the email as a summary of it
Do not use capital letters, except to start a sentence. Take to
mean as a shout or loud voice.

Meaning of Google:
Originally known as BackRub.
development in 1996 by Sergey Brin
Stanford University to find files on the
the name of their search engine needed to change and chose
inspired from the term googol. The company is headquartered in Mountain
View, California.
Google beginnings
The domain google.com was registered on September 15,
the company incorporated on September 4,
a capture of the site from
like in 1998.
Meaning of Google:-
BackRub. Google is a search engine that started
Sergey Brin and Larry Page as a research project at
Stanford University to find files on the Internet. Larry and Sergey later decided
the name of their search engine needed to change and chose Google, which is
googol. The company is headquartered in Mountain
The domain google.com was registered on September 15,
the company incorporated on September 4, 1998. The picture below is
a capture of the site from The Internet Archive of what Google looked
Page 31
that started
as a research project at
Internet. Larry and Sergey later decided
Google, which is
googol. The company is headquartered in Mountain
1997, and
1998. The picture below is
of what Google looked

Google features:-
You can control how your data is:
a) Used in Gmail, Chat, and Meet
b) Shared with other Google products
Smart features in Gmail, Chat, and Meet that use
a) Automatic email filters and categories
b) Smart Compose and Smart Reply
c) Email nudges and high
d) Find & manage your trips in Gmail
e) Event details used to create calendar events
f) Writing and intelligent search suggestions
Smart features in other Google products that use your data include:
a) Reminders for bill due dates
b) Restaurant reservations
c) Travel info based on confirmation emails
d) Use loyalty cards in Google Pay
e) Suggested offline maps for travel
f) Cloud search showing search results from Gmail.
Google Products and Services
You can control how your data is:
Used in Gmail, Chat, and Meet
Shared with other Google products
Smart features in Gmail, Chat, and Meet that use your data include:
Automatic email filters and categories
Smart Compose and Smart Reply
Email nudges and high-priority notices
Find & manage your trips in Gmail
Event details used to create calendar events
Writing and intelligent search suggestions
features in other Google products that use your data include:
Reminders for bill due dates
Restaurant reservations and pickup orders on Google Maps
Travel info based on confirmation emails
Use loyalty cards in Google Pay
Suggested offline maps for travel
Cloud search showing search results from Gmail.
Products and Services:-
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your data include:
features in other Google products that use your data include:
on Google Maps

Google Drive
Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service developed by
Google. Launched on April 24, 2012, Google Drive allows users to store files in
the cloud, synchronize files across devices, and share files.
Google Docs
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web
Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google, which also includes: Google
Sheets, Google Slides, Google Dra
Google Keep.
Google Forms
Google Forms is a survey administration software included as part of the free,
web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also
includes Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings,
Google Sites, and Google Keep. Google Forms is only availabl
application.
ud, synchronize files across devices, and share files.
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web
Sheets, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and
administration software included as part of the free,
based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also
Google Sites, and Google Keep. Google Forms is only available as a web
Page 33
Google Docs is an online word processor included as part of the free, web-based
wings, Google Forms, Google Sites and
administration software included as part of the free,
based Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also
e as a web

Google Sheets
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web
Google Docs Editors suite offered by Google. The service also includes: Google
Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google
Google Keep.
Google Hangouts
Google Hangouts is a discontinued cross
developed by Google. Originally a feature of Google+, Hangouts became a
standalone product in 2013, when Google also began integrating
Google+ Messenger and Google Talk into Hangouts.
*********************************
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web
Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google
Google Hangouts is a discontinued cross-platform instant messaging service
standalone product in 2013, when Google also began integrating features from
Google+ Messenger and Google Talk into Hangouts.
*********************************
Page 34
Google Sheets is a spreadsheet program included as part of the free, web-based
Docs, Google Slides, Google Drawings, Google Forms, Google Sites and
platform instant messaging service
features from

INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

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