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Internationalising South African Scholarly Journals
- 1. Internationalising South African Scholarly Journals Ina Smith
- 2. Agenda • What is an “international” journal? • Criteria an international journal should adhere to • Becoming an international journal 2
- 3. Rationale behind Scholarly Journals • Platform to share new research/discoveries, encourage dialogue - solutions • Permanent & transparent forum for presentation, scrutiny, discussion of research • Peer-reviewed/refereed • Journal & articles become part of scientific record – new research build on existing research 3
- 4. Traditional Printed Scholarly Journals 4
- 5. Tim Berners-Lee (8 June 1955 - ) 5 English Computer Scientist & Inventor of WWW
- 6. World Wide Web (WWW) 6 "The World Wide Web (WWW) project aims to allow all links to be made to any information anywhere. [...] The WWW project was started to allow high energy physicists to share data, news, and documentation. We are very interested in spreading the web to other areas, and having gateway servers for other data. Collaborators welcome!" —from Tim Berners-Lee's first message (1991)
- 7. Tim Berners-Lee 25 years later (2014) 7 “Very soon, millions more sensors, appliances and other devices large and small will take the web to new places. The potential excites me and concerns me at the same time -- that makes the web worth our ongoing stewardship. We must build and defend it now so that those who come to it later will be able to create things that we cannot ourselves imagine. I believe that the future of the web is under threat from some governments that may abuse their powers, some businesses that may try to undermine the open market, and from criminal activity. ”
- 8. Subscription Online Scholarly Journals 8 http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/academic-publishers-reap-huge- profits-as-libraries-go-broke-1.3111535
- 9. Subscription Online Scholarly Journals 9 https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/apcs-and-subscriptions
- 10. Subscription Online Scholarly Journals 10 Peter Suber @petersuber Oct 13 Pub CEO salaries: Engstrom, RELX [Elsevier] $14.2m Smith, ThomsonReuters $13.4m McKinstry, Wolters Kluwer $13.3m https://www.thebookseller.com/news/relxs-engstrom-tops-industry-rich-list-653371
- 11. Subscription Online Scholarly Journals 11 http://www.the- scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/50671/title/German-Scientists- Resign-from-Elsevier-Journals--Editorial-Boards/
- 12. Open Access Online Scholarly Journals “Scholars need the means to launch a new generation of journals committed to open access, and to help existing journals that elect to make the transition to open access…” Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2002 12
- 13. Open Journal Systems (OJS) • Journal management & publishing system, web site – all in one • Licensed as Open Source Software (OS) • Developed by Public Knowledge Project (PKP) & Simon Fraser University (Canada) • Community of developers • Download and install on local server https://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/ • Version 3.0 in August/September 2016 13
- 14. UKZN Open Journal Systems (OJS) 14 http://journals.ukzn.ac.za/
- 15. Benefits of OJS • Installed locally and locally controlled • Editors configure requirements, sections, review process • Online submission and management of all content • Central archive – documentation, communication etc • Comprehensive indexing of journal content • Plugins (additional tools) • Email notifications and commenting options • Builds capacity, reduces dependency • Allows for flexible publishing frequency 15
- 16. SA Journal Titles using OJS 16 132 titles
- 18. ASSAf Approach to Internationalisation • Peer-review of journals according to disciplines • SciELO SA & WoS • Analysis of 6 DHET approved indexes • Compared criteria • Listed and categorized criteria 18
- 19. Information to Identify Journal (1) 19 • Journal title & alternative titles • Web presence (incl. web address) • Online journal management system (OAI-PMH compliant) for record-keeping • Key journal abbreviation registered internationally • Discipline/s • Title owner & mailing address • Publisher – publishing, peer review management, business development and production
- 20. Information to Identify Journal (2) 20 • Journal description • Journal history • Focus & Scope • Journal format (online and/or print) • Open access/subscription • Print ISSN/Online ISSN http://www.nlsa.ac.za/index.php/bibsa/isn-agency • Publication frequency/scheduling – no interruptions • Journal sections
- 21. Articles - Technical Criteria (1) • File format: pdf, html, epub, xml (data sharing, transport, availability – see http://pkp-udev.lib.sfu.ca/) • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) · • ORCIDs • Page numbers • Embargoes • Date accepted/reviewed/published • Author-Publisher agreement 21
- 22. Articles - Technical Criteria (2) • Linked data (Cited-by-Linking): emails, references, etc. • Audit trail for individual articles (article history) • Statistics on articles: % accepted/ rejected/ published etc • Articles contain title, abstract, keyword/s in English • Bibliographical references according to international standards • Metadata assigned to articles according to international standards 22
- 23. Articles - Technical Criteria (3) • Author affiliations clear • Digital preservation e.g. LOCKSS, Portico 23
- 24. Articles – Content (1) • Original research • Ongoing stimulus for further research · Comparability with leading articles/journals in discipline • High quality scholarly content • Focus on local/regional kind of issues • Accompanying data sets available • Submitted articles subjected to double-blind peer-review process 24
- 25. Articles – Content (2) • 75% of contributions beyond single institution • Adequate number of articles per annum • Good sample of work done in country/discipline • Additional scholarly features • Suitable publication of errata • Suitable approach to article retractions • Good presentation, layout, style, copyright, interventions 25
- 26. Articles – Content (3) • Submitted articles subjected to double-blind peer-review process • Plagiarism-check of individual articles, and reports archived 26
- 27. Sustainability • Article Processing Charges (APCs)/Other • Sponsors • Payment procedure and information • Advertisements • Expenses: Proofreader, Copy-editor, Layout Editor, Printing, Postage • Publishing costs: hosting server & back-up’s, IT support, article identifiers, digital preservation costs, domain name subscriptions, branding, additional tools 27
- 28. Visibility & Impact • Full text searchable online • Crawled by Google • Indexing in international indexes (e.g. DOAJ) • Impact Factor (IF) • Journal equivalents for benchmarking • Metadata level & OAI-PMH compliancy • Bibliometrics: usage, downloads, social media sharing, citations and other statistics 28
- 29. Guidelines • Author guidelines • Reviewer guidelines • Reader guidelines • Library guidelines • Layout Editor guidelines • Copy-editor guidelines • Proofreader guidelines 29
- 30. Policies & Statements (1) • General Editorial Policy • Section Editor Policy • Copyeditor Policy • Layout Editor Policy • Proofreader Policy • Data Set Policy • Ethics & Malpractice Statement • Plagiarism Policy • Retractions Policy • Depositing Policy Sherpa Romeo 30
- 31. Policies & Statements (2) • Errata Policy • Copyright Policy (incl. Publishing Rights) • Licensing Policy • Peer-review Policy (incl. number of weeks) • Comments Policy • Advertisement Policy • Digital Preservation Strategy • Open Access Policy (incl. crawling allowed by harvesters) 31
- 32. DOAJ Recommended OA Policy 32 Law, Democracy & Development is an Open Access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of Open Access.
- 33. Policies & Statements (3) • Gender, Racial and Language Policy • Waiver Policy 33
- 34. Roles & Responsibilities (1) • International representation • Editor/Editor-in-Chief/Associate Editor • Editorial Board/Editorial Advisory Board (more than two- thirds beyond single institution) • Affiliations, countries specified • Editorial Assistant • Section Editors • Journal Manager 34
- 35. Roles & Responsibilities (2) • Authors, Reviewers, Copy-editor, Layout Editor, Proofreader • Users/Readers 35
- 36. Academic Integrity (1) 36 • Researchers, journals should take ownership of their academic identity & integrity on the web – be pro-active • Setup alerts and know who cites your work and in which context it is used • Assign good quality metadata to OA research so that Google will return quality research at the top of Google listing
- 37. Academic Integrity (2) 37 • Conduct Google searches for your own research/name/journal/articles, and see where it has been mentioned • Know what is being researched in your field • Take action if needed
- 38. 38 Registering for Indexing (1) • InCites Journal Citation Reports (TR WoS) • Criteria: http://wokinfo.com/essays/journal-selection-process/ • Apply: http://ip- science.thomsonreuters.com/info/journalsubmission-front/ • Elsevier Scopus • Criteria: http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus/content- overview#content-policy-and-selection • Apply: http://suggestor.step.scopus.com/suggestTitle/step1.cfm%20
- 39. 39 • Google Scholar Metrics • Criteria: http://scholar.google.co.za/intl/en/scholar/metrics.html# inclusion • Google Scholar Profile • Register: https://scholar.google.co.za/intl/en/scholar/citations.ht ml • Google Web Site registration • Gmail & Google Search Console • https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/submit- url?pli=1 Registering for Indexing (2)
- 40. 40 Registering for Indexing (3) • Discipline specific indexes • E.g. Music: Rilm Abstracts; The Music Index; Sabinet Online; African Journals OnLine • E.g. Aquatic Science: Agris; ASFA; Aquatic Biology; Aquaculture & Fisheries Resources; BIOBASE; BIOSIS; Fish & Fisheries Worldwide; Journal Citation Reports; Science Citation Index Expanded; Zoological Record • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) • https://doaj.org/application/new • SHERPA RoMEO http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php
- 41. SA Scholarly Journals indexed in indexes 41 Results from 2017 Index Removed 2017 Added 2017 Total 2017 SCIMago 65 11 77 Scopus 54 26 105 WoS 5 0 60 +38 -14 12 SciELO SA 0 0 65 DHET 3 5 275 Norwegian Level 2 0 0 0 DOAJ 12 13 63 IBSS 6 11 47
- 42. Social media
- 43. Facebook
- 44. Twitter
- 45. Google Plus
- 47. YouTube
- 48. Measuring journal impact • OJS System Statistics • Google Scholar Metrics • Google Scholar Profile • Google Analytics or Piwik • Alternative metrics – link to Science Open • Piwik
- 50. The index is based on the set of the journal's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications.
- 52. Google Analytics
- 54. Conclusion – “International”: 54 • Online, Open Access, Open Source, Transparent • Align journal with internationally agreed criteria • Register with indexes • Monitor downloads & citations – make potential readers aware, grow • Marketing • Editorial Board, Reviewers, Authors - international
- 55. Thank you! ina@assaf.org.za Project Manager, Academy of Science of SA @ismonet 55
Editor's Notes
- Often a distinction is made between local and international, with a perception that international is better, and more rewarding. For example: What makes a journal such as Nature international, and a journal such as Potchefstoom Electronic Law Journal less international, or not?
- But today it has become a business more than anything else
- The history of scientific journals dates from 1665, when the French Journal des sçavans and the English Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society first began systematically publishing research results. More and more journals started publishing, and South Africa also joined, with the oldest SA journal Publishers printed journals at a high cost, and distributed it far and wide via slow mail. With the risk associated, delays in delivery, copies getting lost in the mail. And once it ended up on the shelves of libraries, the copy was restricted to one user at a time, also in danger of getting lost. But the benefit – at least the library had something tangible and expected to be permanent in hand – something it paid for, which covered the costs.
- And then came the Internet, and Prof Tim Berners-Lee and his team introducing the World Wide Wevb – the pasrt of the Internet that contains web pages with actual content.
- His announcement in 1991 was Nobody could have expected how much the Internet would indeed grow
- It also opened up the opportunity for publishers to change their approaches to share research quicker, and wider, but instead of the costs expecting to going down, it went the other way, regardless of the fact that publishers ended up with huge savings in terms of printing costs and distribution costs. It lead to initiatives opposing the way publishers go about doing business, exploiting the very researchers dependent on existing research to continue their own research, but also the tax payer, business people, health workers, and more, trying to find answers to problems faced. Those who could not afford paying the exorbitant prizes were simply excluded, creating and even a greater divide between developing and developed countries. Share a few slides to demonstrate just how much publishers have become under scrutiny for exploiting the hard work by researchers, to benefit themselves financially, losing focus of what a scholarly article or journal is really expected to be about.
- There are especially 5 big publishing companies that publish more than 50 percent of research papers. And as academic publishers continue to reap huge profits, libraries continue to grow broke. Even more so the libraries from developing countries, who have always been struggling to pay in dollars and pounds. It is not clear exactly how much South African libraries spend on subscription databases in order to have access to research, but we are aware of a few libraries which had to cancel subscriptions to major databases, simply because they cannot afford access anymore, and because of inflation, the weak rand, budgets being cut and many more.
- Not only do publishers benefit from subscription fees, but they also benefit from huge amounts paid by researchers in order to get articles published, paying APCs. According to this JISC study, Elsevier generates more revenue from both subscriptions and APCs than any other publisher.
- And to see exactly how much money, maybe the following will give you an idea: On the 13th of Oct Peter Suber from Harvard Univ tweeted a link to an article sharing the annual salaries of the prominent CEO’s in publishing. Elsevier CEO once again game out at the top earning a salary of 14.2 $ a year …. I know SA tax money contributes a meniscal amount to his salary, but still …. If more and more societies and universities all over the world mad the change and published their own journals, making the transition to move away from these publishers exploiting us, we could have – by now – saved a lot of money and invested the monies in far better ways. But now we haven’t, because all over the world there is an inhealthy dependency on impact factors and being “international”.
- Negotiations between universities and other leaders in research were also not successful, with the most recent news: Eight German researchers have announced their resignation from the editorial and advisory boards of a handful of Elsevier’s journals since last Thursday (October 12) to show support for German research institutions as they attempt to establish a new, nationwide licensing agreement with the Dutch publishing giant. “It's a symbolic gesture—obviously, scientists could be replaced on editorial boards,” says Wolfgang Marquardt, an engineer and the chairman of the Jülich Research Center in Germany. Marquardt is stepping down from the editorial boards of three Elsevier journals—Computers and Chemical Engineering, Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering Science. “I think it’s important to show that the science community is not happy with the way the negotiations went.” Others who have stepped down include Marino Zerial of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Jörg Raisch at the Technical University of Berlin, and Anton Möslang of the Karhlsrule Institute of Technology. What do SA libraries, and SA researchers do to demonstrate that they are not happy with the way things go.
- I would like to share – from an ASSAf perspective – how your journal can become more international, and have a bigger impact on research and change out there. With the beginning of the Open Access movement in 2002, referred to as the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2002, the need for a way to find alternatives were expressed. It was said that …..
- Using open source towards internationalisation
- Journal articles - content · 75% of contributions beyond single institution · · Adequate number of articles per annum · Good sample of work done in country/discipline · · Additional scholarly features · Suitable publication of errata · Suitable approach to article retractions · Good presentation, layout, style, copyright, interventions · · Submitted articles subjected to double-blind peer-review process · Plagiarism-check of individual articles, and reports archived ·
- Journal Visibility & Impact · Full text searchable online · Crawled by Google · Indexing in international indexes (e.g. DOAJ) · Impact Factor (IF) · Journal equivalents for benchmarking · Metadata level & OAI-PMH compliancy · Bibliometrics: usage, downloads, social media sharing, citations and other statistics · Open Access policy available on SHERPA/RoMEO · Listed in index for software platform e.g. PKP Index (for journals using OJS)
- Journal Guidelines · Author guidelines · Reviewer guidelines · Reader guidelines · Library guidelines · Layout Editor guidelines · Copy-editor guidelines · Proofreader guidelines
- Journal Policies & Statements · · Errata Policy · Copyright Policy (incl. Publishing Rights) · Licensing Policy · Peer-review Policy (incl. number of weeks) · Open Access Policy (incl. crawling allowed by harvesters) · Comments Policy · Advertisement Policy · Digital Preservation Strategy · Gender, Racial and Language Policy · Waiver Policy
- Journal Policies & Statements · · Errata Policy · Copyright Policy (incl. Publishing Rights) · Licensing Policy · Peer-review Policy (incl. number of weeks) · Open Access Policy (incl. crawling allowed by harvesters) · Comments Policy · Advertisement Policy · Digital Preservation Strategy · Gender, Racial and Language Policy · Waiver Policy
- Journal Policies & Statements · · Errata Policy · Copyright Policy (incl. Publishing Rights) · Licensing Policy · Peer-review Policy (incl. number of weeks) · Open Access Policy (incl. crawling allowed by harvesters) · Comments Policy · Advertisement Policy · Digital Preservation Strategy · Gender, Racial and Language Policy · Waiver Policy
- Journal Roles & Responsibilities · International representation · Affiliations, countries specified · Editor/Editor-in-Chief/Associate Editor · Editorial Assistant · Section Editors · Journal Manager · Editorial Board/Editorial Advisory Board (more than two-thirds beyond single institution) · Authors, Reviewers, Copy-editor, Layout Editor, Proofreader · Users/Readers
- Journal Roles & Responsibilities · International representation · Affiliations, countries specified · Editor/Editor-in-Chief/Associate Editor · Editorial Assistant · Section Editors · Journal Manager · Editorial Board/Editorial Advisory Board (more than two-thirds beyond single institution) · Authors, Reviewers, Copy-editor, Layout Editor, Proofreader · Users/Readers
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