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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye
Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Dr. Steve Kardinal Jusuf
National University of Singapore,
Singapore
Dr. Nelly Shafik Ramzy
Associate Professor, Sinai University Faculty of
Engineering Sciences, Cairo, Egypt., Egypt
Dr. Yogesh K. Garg
Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, India
Assistant Professor
Department of Horticulture and Landscape,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Prof. Elham Hatami
Professor, Daneshpajhoohan University,
Islamic Republic of Iran
Shima Hamidi
University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
UT, United States
Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Er saikala Lakshminarayanan
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli,
Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal
Dept. of Architecture Aligarh Muslim
University Aligarh, India
Minakshi Jain
National Institute of Technology Hamirpur
(H.P), India
Dr. Suchandra Bardhan,
Jadavpur University,
India
Kailas M. Rao
Manipal University,
India
Mr Akmal Hakim
Department of Architecture, Southeast
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dr. Amar Nath Nayak
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology,
India
Dr. B. S. Bhooshan,
BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, BSB
Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India
Prakash Chandra Tamrakar,
Department of Architecture and Interior,
Decoration & Design, Government Girls
Polytechnic, Raipur (C.G.), India
Mr. Saptarshi Sanyal,
Assistant Professor of Architecture, School of
Planning & Architecture, (SPA) New Delhi,
India
Ayman Hassaan Ahmed Mahmoud
Department of Architecture Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo Unversity, Giza,
Egypt
Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Department of Architecture and Planning,
Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Jaipur, India
Dr. Steve Kardinal Jusuf
School of Design and Environment,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
Ankur Prabhakar
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab,
India.

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Nishant Nathani
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture
& Planning, Amity University Haryana, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture. This journal is
part of the Architecture community, and is devoted to the scope of present Landscape
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International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture focuses on original high-quality research in
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PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Designing and Application of Prefabricated Structures in Building Construction Works
A.N. Sarkar 1
2. How to Control Climatic Conditions by Vernacular Architecture in Palei, Rajasthan
Zeeshan Ansari, Avitesh 27
3. Built Heritage at Menace
Mohammad Farhan Fazli 35
4. Environment Feasibility Need to Step-Up in India
Ankita Singh 40
5. How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr Part-1 (Present Condition)
Avitesh 42
Contents

IJLPA (2016) 1–26 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Landscape Planning and Architecture
Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Designing and Application of Prefabricated Structures in
Building Construction Works
A.N. Sarkar*
Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola (Sarita Vihar), New Delhi, India
Abstract
Prefabricated structure; also popularly called Prefab or Precast, is an old concept that
originated in the UK way back in 1837. Innovative engineering designing and the wide-
ranging applications of the prefabricated structure has revolutionarised the realty industries
at large world over, Among others, two broad areas using wide-ranging variants of prefab in
the construction woks are building and bridges. Prefabricated construction is a new
technique and is desirable for large-scale housing programmes. The paper discusses at
length the various designing and application aspects of prefabricated structures in building
construction work; including in the earthquake-prone areas. The scope of blending
prefabricated structure with modular structure in an integrated manner has also been
discussed in the paper.
Keywords: building construction, modular structure, prefabricated structure, seismic zone
PREFABRICATION/PRECASTING:
THE CONCEPT
A prefabricated structure or building is a
structure that has several factory built
components that are assembled on a site.
These premade components can consist of
panels, modules or transportable sections.
Like modular home, manufactured home,
panelised home, or site-built home, the
word ‘Prefab’ or ‘Precast’ is not an
industry term. The term is an
amalgamation of panelised and modular
building systems, and can mean either one.
In today's generation the term “Prefab” is
more closely related to the style of home,
usually modernist, rather than to a
particular method of home construction.
Buildings have been built in one place and
reassembled in another throughout history.
Possibly the first advertised prefab house
was the Manning Portable Cottage. A
London carpenter, Henry Manning, build a
house that was constructed in components,
then shipped and assembled by British
emigrants. This was published at the time
(advertisement, South Australian Record,
1837) and a few still stand in Australia.
One such is the “Friends Meeting House,
Adelaide.” The peak year for the
importation of portable buildings to
Australia was 1853, when several hundred
arrived. These have been identified as
coming from Liverpool, Boston and
Singapore (with Chinese instructions for
re-assembly). In Barbados the Chattel
house was a form of prefabricated building
which was developed by emancipated
slaves who had limited rights to build upon
land they did not own. As the buildings
were moveable they were legally regarded
as chattels.[1]
The concept of precast (also known as
“prefabricated”) construction includes
those buildings, where the majority of

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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How to Control Climatic Conditions by Vernacular Architecture
in Palei, Rajasthan
Zeeshan Ansari, Avitesh
Faculty of Architecture, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Faculty of Architecture, Centre for Architecture, BGI, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
This paper discusses the specific climatic conditions of Palei, Rajasthan. Palei is a small
village of Rajasthan. Rajasthan is one of the hottest states of India. The region experiences
more than 45°C during summers and in January which is the coldest month of the year, the
temperature recorded 5°C. There has been no year of scanty rainfall in 35 years from 198° to
215°. It is one of the extreme climatic zones for human survival. Despite such extreme
conditions humans have continuously inhabited the region for centuries. Here, we are
discussing, how they people sustain in this climate with their building construction
technology and Vernacular Architecture.
Keywords: building construction technology, climatic design, hot and dry climate, Palei,
vernacular architecture
INTRODUCTION
Palei is a village near Newai Tehsil in
Tonk district of Rajasthan State, India. It
belongs to Ajmer division. Rajasthan is
located in the north-western part of the
subcontinent. Aravallis divided Rajasthan
into two geographical divisions. Rajasthan
is a vibrant, exotic state where tradition
and royal glory meet in a riot of colors
against the vast back drop of sand and
desert. It has an unusual diversity in its
entire forms – people, customs, culture,
costumes, music, manners, dialects,
cuisine and physiographic. That is why it
is famous worldwide.[1]
CLIMATE
Apart from its unique and rich cultural
heritage, it is the survival of human beings
in the extreme climatic conditions that
intrigues any scholar of architecture and
settlement studies. It has hot and dry
climate and one of the hottest places in
India which is continuously inhabited by
the human beings. The summers are
extremely hot and the temperature exceed
more than 45°C, posing challenges for the
survival of humans or for that matter any
life forms. However, the nights in
Rajasthan are pretty cool, with the night
temperature falling considerably. Summer
prevail for almost eight months in a year.
As a result sky is clear in most of the
months with 345 sunlight days per year.
When winter comes, January is the coldest
month of the year and the temperature
recorded 5°C. It means in winters, days are
shiny and the nights are very much cold. In
monsoon season, there was no rain drop in
215° and there has been no year of scanty
rainfall in 35 years from 198° to 215°.
That is why it is one of the extreme
climatic zones for human survival.[2]

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Built Heritage at Menace
Mohammad Farhan Fazli*
Department of Architecture, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Abstract
This paper intends merely to focus on the heritage buildings, which is a part of the tangible
cultural heritage. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that built cultural heritage
can play within sustainable urban development. It will also look on some conservation issues
that may arise while defining the significance and values of the heritage areas. Finally it will
provide some basic management & maintenance guidelines which may help to conserve the
built heritage.
INTRODUCTION
India is a country incorporating a very rich
cultural heritage. But conservation of
heritage buildings is not taken very
seriously in our country due to the limited
fund available with the government
agencies like Archaeological Survey of
India which is taking care of most of these
heritage buildings. Due to which we are
losing our past. The conservation of
historic structures is not only the
responsibility of the government but it is a
social responsibility of the individuals to
understand the importance and help to
enhance and appreciate the cultural, social,
historical and architectural qualities of
these heritage monuments in our
surroundings. Conserving historic
buildings is essential to understanding the
culture of our past. But it is not an easy
task; it is a much specialised field and can
be done judiciously to restore the historic
buildings in their original character.
WHAT TO CONSERVE
Heritage incorporates many things like
buildings, sites, nature, traditions and
artefacts which were developed through
experience of generations. The traditions
can be restored but the heritage buildings
are to be conserved for the future
generations to explain the glory of past.
Every region has a unique style of
construction which was developed with
years’ experience of the local skills and
crafts of the artisans and with the locally
available resources and materials.
Therefore these historic monuments can be
conserve to restore the traditional
knowledge system which was evolve
thought, architectural, beauty, ideas, and
culture of the people.
WHY TO CONSERVE
The heritage buildings are to be conserved
to restore the knowledge of the past. These
architectural marvels explain the
importance of traditional knowledge
systems and skills of the people which
have disappeared in the fast pace of
technology. The construction of Great
Pyramid of Giza is the best example to
understand that without the advance
technology the stone blocks of 3m height
were placed to a height of 139 m and the
precession at an angle of 51°
without
compass was achieved in its construction.
HOW TO CONSERVE
There are common problems with most of

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Environment Feasibility Need to Step-Up in India
Ankita Singh*
Department Of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
Abstract
In India environmental issue is a major concern in different-different parts of India. India is a
democratic country with various religions and cultures. Soil, Water, Air and Climate are the
most important factors to sustain the healthy environment anywhere. In India different soils,
different climate, different aspects of various factors contribution leads to different- different
environmental issues in various parts of India.
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution, poor management of waste,
growing water scarcity, falling
groundwater tables, water pollution,
preservation and quality of forests,
biodiversity loss, and land/soil degradation
are some of the major environmental
issues India faces today.
The various /important challenges facing
by India are as follows:
 Growing population demands for
more revenue to survive and more
natural environment can be effected.
 Agriculture growth turning into more
yields of food which damages the
natural agriculture practices and
disturb the life cycle.
 Urbanization is a major concerned as
it clashes with all the important factors
which contribute healthy environment.
 Poverty increases day-by-day because
poor people directly depend on the
natural resources for their basic needs.
 Almost 40% land in India degraded
and rest is going to be spoiling in the
coming years.
 Air and water population increases due
to bad activities of people all over
India like—drainage, non-recycled
products, harmful gases etc.
 It is essential to restore ground water
otherwise our estuaries, water bodies
etc. going to be polluted.
 Genetic diversity increases like
various species got extinct.
 Development and forest.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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How a City Develops With Respect to Architecture Bulandshahr
Part-1 (Present Condition)
Avitesh*
Centre for Architecture, BGI Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The paper discusses the economic conditions of Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh. Bulandshahr is
a city and a municipal board in Bulandshahr District in the state of U.P. India. It has a long
history. The history of Bulandshahr begins even before 1200 BCE. This region was close to
the capital of the Pandvas-Indraprastha and Hastinapur. After, a Tomar king named
Ahibaran laid the foundation of a fort called Bran here and established his capital. It was
traditionally called Barn City and recently came to be known as Bulandshahr . From then to
now architecture had faced many stages same as its development went up and down. Here I
am discussing how architecture helps in the development of a city.
Keywords: architecture, bulandshahr, culture, factors of urbanization, travel pattern, sources
of development
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to carry
out the development analysis with
Architecture in Bulandshahr city and to
map out the results as well as to find out
the new development resources such as
travel pattern, factors of urbanization in
Bulandshahr city.
INTRODUCTION
Bulandshahr, a city and district of British
India in the Meerut division of the United
Provinces. The city is situated on a height
on the right bank of the Kali-Nadi, whence
the substitution of the names Unchanagar
and Bulandshahr (high town) for its earlier
name of Baran, by which it is still
sometimes called Bulandshahr. It is
located at 28.4° N 77.85° E. It has an
average elevation of 196 meters (643 feet).
The city is 237.44 meters above the sea
level. It is situated in north U.P. and 64 km
from Delhi.
According to government of India, the
district Bulandshahr is one of the minority
concentrated district in India, on the basis
of the 2011 census data of population,
socioeconomic indicators and basic
amenities indicators.
CLIMATE
The climate of Bulandshahr is warm and
temperate. The rainfall in winter is more
than the summer in Bulandshahr. The
average annual temperature is 25.0°C in
Bulandshahr. Precipitation here averages
626 mm.The driest month is April, with 4

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