International Economics.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•93 views
International economics deals with the effects of international differences in resources and preferences on economic activity, and the international institutions that influence them. It uses economic tools to analyze international trade and transactions. International economics is both a theoretical and applied field that considers models like comparative advantage. It also examines the welfare effects of trade and the roles of institutions like the IMF and World Bank. The scope of international economics includes topics like technical progress, capital flows, trade agreements, export promotion, international division of labor, price stability, and more. International trade allows countries to specialize, access a greater variety of goods, achieve economies of scale, transfer technology, create more jobs, and generate foreign reserves.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
International Trade
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
International Economics
The balance of payments (BOP) records a country's transactions with other countries. It has two main categories: the current account which covers trade in goods, services, and income, and the capital and financial account which covers capital transfers and financial flows. The overall BOP position is the change in a country's net international reserves resulting from transactions. It is calculated as the current account balance plus the capital and financial account balance minus net unclassified items. The document provides the Philippines' BOP data for 2009 and 2010, showing growth rates for each component.
International monetary system
The document summarizes the evolution of international monetary systems from the classic gold standard period until present day. It describes key features and stages including the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 that pegged currencies to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. However, the system collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard due to an excess of dollars held abroad.
The bretton woods system presentation
The document summarizes the Bretton Woods system established in 1944. It discusses the goals of creating international monetary cooperation and stable currency exchange rates through the IMF and World Bank. However, within a few years, problems emerged as member nations underestimated the funds needed, draining the IMF. The end of the gold standard in the 1970s severed the final link between currencies and gold, transitioning to a system of flexible exchange rates. The IMF and World Bank continue operating, though they have faced criticism over some policies.
Unit 5 Foreign Exchange Rate
A fantastic PPT on the foreign exchange rate. The PPT includes meaning and concept of foreign exchange and foreign exchange rate, the systems of determining foreign exchange rate, depreciation of domestic, appreciation of domestic currency, devaluation and revaluation of domestic currency. This PPT also explain the role of RBI in managing the exchange rate by using the concept of managed floating. Just download it and make your concepts stronger. Happy Learning !!
Bertton woods agreement
A small description regarding the Bertton Wood System that had been started in 1944. It is ready to use in schools, collages, and wherever.
International Economics
International movements-meaning-Export & import of merchandise & services-International investment-International Payments, Rate of exchange, Economic integration
Trade theories (International Trade)
This document provides an overview of various trade theories:
1. It begins with explaining mercantilism theory, which held that a country's power depended on its wealth and advocated increasing exports and restricting imports.
2. It then discusses absolute advantage theory and comparative advantage theory, which argue that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have a relative cost advantage and trade for other goods.
3. Factor endowment theory and Hecksher-Ohlin theory posit that countries will export goods that intensively use their abundant and cheap domestic factors of production.
4. More recent theories discussed include product life cycle theory, new trade theory, and Porter's diamond model, which analyze factors like technology,
Recommended
International Trade
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
International Economics
The balance of payments (BOP) records a country's transactions with other countries. It has two main categories: the current account which covers trade in goods, services, and income, and the capital and financial account which covers capital transfers and financial flows. The overall BOP position is the change in a country's net international reserves resulting from transactions. It is calculated as the current account balance plus the capital and financial account balance minus net unclassified items. The document provides the Philippines' BOP data for 2009 and 2010, showing growth rates for each component.
International monetary system
The document summarizes the evolution of international monetary systems from the classic gold standard period until present day. It describes key features and stages including the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 that pegged currencies to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. However, the system collapsed in 1971 when the US abandoned the gold standard due to an excess of dollars held abroad.
The bretton woods system presentation
The document summarizes the Bretton Woods system established in 1944. It discusses the goals of creating international monetary cooperation and stable currency exchange rates through the IMF and World Bank. However, within a few years, problems emerged as member nations underestimated the funds needed, draining the IMF. The end of the gold standard in the 1970s severed the final link between currencies and gold, transitioning to a system of flexible exchange rates. The IMF and World Bank continue operating, though they have faced criticism over some policies.
Unit 5 Foreign Exchange Rate
A fantastic PPT on the foreign exchange rate. The PPT includes meaning and concept of foreign exchange and foreign exchange rate, the systems of determining foreign exchange rate, depreciation of domestic, appreciation of domestic currency, devaluation and revaluation of domestic currency. This PPT also explain the role of RBI in managing the exchange rate by using the concept of managed floating. Just download it and make your concepts stronger. Happy Learning !!
Bertton woods agreement
A small description regarding the Bertton Wood System that had been started in 1944. It is ready to use in schools, collages, and wherever.
International Economics
International movements-meaning-Export & import of merchandise & services-International investment-International Payments, Rate of exchange, Economic integration
Trade theories (International Trade)
This document provides an overview of various trade theories:
1. It begins with explaining mercantilism theory, which held that a country's power depended on its wealth and advocated increasing exports and restricting imports.
2. It then discusses absolute advantage theory and comparative advantage theory, which argue that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have a relative cost advantage and trade for other goods.
3. Factor endowment theory and Hecksher-Ohlin theory posit that countries will export goods that intensively use their abundant and cheap domestic factors of production.
4. More recent theories discussed include product life cycle theory, new trade theory, and Porter's diamond model, which analyze factors like technology,
History of exchange rates
history of exchange rates
Bimetallism, bretton woods conference,Different Gold standards, International Finance presentation
The fixed exchange rate system
Under a fixed exchange rate system, governments try to maintain a constant value for their currencies against other currencies. A country's central bank commits to buying and selling its currency at a fixed price in order to maintain this exchange rate. Fixed exchange rates provide stability for international trade and control of inflation. Governments intervene in currency markets by buying and selling their own currency to influence supply and demand and maintain the fixed exchange rate when market forces would otherwise cause the rate to change.
European Monetary Union
The European Monetary Union (EMU) originated from the European Monetary System (EMS) established in 1979 to implement fixed exchange rates. The EMS has since developed into a more extensive economic and monetary union with coordinated policies among member countries. The EU and EMU were formed to create a unified European market, enhance political stability and economic growth, and eliminate risks from separate currencies. Currently 19 EU member countries use the euro currency as part of the EMU.
Economic integration
This document discusses economic integration at three levels - global, regional, and bilateral. It outlines four stages of economic integration: free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. Free trade areas eliminate internal tariffs but maintain external tariffs, while customs unions have common external tariffs. Common markets integrate free movement of goods, services, capital and labor. Economic unions coordinate fiscal and monetary policy in addition to a common market. The document also covers some economic effects like trade creation and diversion, as well as issues like trade deflection and national sovereignty.
Trade barriers
This document discusses various trade barriers such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers. It defines tariffs as taxes on imported goods which make imported goods more expensive. It describes different types of tariffs such as specific tariffs which charge a fixed fee per unit and ad valorem tariffs which charge a percentage of the good's value. It also discusses non-tariff barriers such as import quotas, licenses, and local content requirements. It explains that trade barriers benefit domestic industries by reducing competition but harm consumers by increasing prices. The government also benefits from increased tariff revenue in the short run.
International economic ch01
This document provides an introduction to international economics. It discusses that international economics deals with economic interactions between independent nations, and analyzes issues like the gains from trade, patterns of trade, trade policies, balance of payments, exchange rates, and international policy coordination. It notes that international trade focuses on real transactions of goods while international monetary analysis examines financial transactions and exchange rates. The overall topic will cover international trade theory and policy as well as exchange rates and international macroeconomic policy.
Regional trade agreements
The document discusses various types of regional trade agreements including free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. It describes key regional agreements such as ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, the EU, and TPP. The main objectives of regional trade agreements are to obtain economic benefits, pursue non-economic goals, ensure market access, and improve bargaining strength. Advantages include increased economic growth, technological innovation, investment, and trade. The document also discusses concepts like trade creation, trade diversion, rules of origin, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateral trade agreements under the WTO.
Evolution of international monetary system
The document discusses the evolution of the international monetary system over time. It describes several historical exchange rate regimes: (1) the classical gold standard before 1914 where currencies were pegged to gold; (2) the interwar period from 1914-1944 of fluctuating exchange rates; (3) the Bretton Woods system from 1944-1973 where the US dollar was pegged to gold and other currencies were pegged to the dollar. The Bretton Woods system collapsed in the 1970s and was replaced by (4) a system of floating exchange rates. More recently, the European Union established (5) a single currency, the euro, for many member states.
International Economics-Introduction
Internal and International Trade, Classical theories of International Trade, Reciprocal Demand Theory, Modern Theory (H-O Theory).
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) & Exchange Rate and Types
The document discusses exchange rate mechanisms and types of exchange rates. It provides details about:
1) The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) which is used by central banks to manage currency exchange rates relative to other currencies through fixed or floating exchange rates.
2) The notable European ERM introduced in 1979 to reduce exchange rate variability between European countries before adopting a single currency. It faced issues in 1992 when Britain withdrew.
3) Types of exchange rates including fixed rates which maintain stable rates, floating rates set by market forces, and managed floats where governments influence rate changes.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with over $4 trillion traded daily. It allows for the buying, selling, and exchange of global currencies. There are two tiers of traders in the forex market: the interbank market of large banks and the over-the-counter market of companies and individuals. Exchange rates can be fixed by governments, floating based on supply and demand, and quoted directly or indirectly. The most popular currency pairs traded are EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF. Asian nations like China and Japan hold the largest foreign exchange reserves. Factors that influence exchange rates include central bank policies, interest rates, inflation rates,
International Monetary System
The international monetary system has evolved over time from bimetallism and the classic gold standard to the current floating exchange rate system. The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. It collapsed in the 1970s when the US suspended dollar convertibility. Currently, the flexible exchange rate regime categorizes systems as floating, pegging, or target zones. Floating rates are determined by market forces while pegging and target zones involve varying degrees of intervention to stabilize rates. The international monetary system facilitates global trade and investment by providing exchange rate stability and liquidity.
Foreign exchange market
The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with over $4 trillion traded daily. It allows currencies to be exchanged between countries, facilitating international trade and investment. The market involves commercial banks, central banks, brokers, and other entities buying and selling currencies constantly. The most heavily traded currencies are the US dollar, euro, Japanese yen, British pound, and Australian dollar. Participants trade in spot markets for immediate exchange or forward markets for future delivery. Factors like economic performance, interest rates, trade balances, and political events influence exchange rates between currencies.
Foreign Exchange
The document discusses foreign exchange and foreign exchange markets. It describes how foreign exchange allows the conversion of one currency to another and the transfer of money between countries. The key functions of foreign exchange markets are to transfer purchasing power, provide credit, and facilitate hedging. Participants in foreign exchange markets include commercial banks, brokerages, speculators, hedgers, arbitrageurs, and governments. Exchange rates are determined by theories like purchasing power parity and balance of payments. Exchange rate systems can be fixed or flexible, and a country's currency may have full, partial, or no convertibility.
Free trade and protection
* Benefits of free trade.
* The methods of protection.
* The arguments for protecting a country's industries from foreign competition.
International monetary system
The document discusses the evolution of international monetary systems from early systems of bimetallism up to the current flexible exchange rate regime. Key points include:
- Under bimetallism before 1875, both gold and silver were used internationally as money with Gresham's Law implying the least valuable metal would circulate.
- The classical gold standard from 1875-1914 established gold as the primary global reserve asset with currencies pegged to gold and exchange rates determined by relative gold contents.
- The interwar period saw the breakdown of the gold standard and widespread currency devaluations.
- The Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972 pegged currencies to the U.S. dollar which was peg
Foreign exchange market
The foreign exchange market allows individuals, banks, and firms to buy and sell currencies. It operates globally through telecommunications and includes spot, forward, futures, swap, and options contracts. Major participants include commercial banks, central banks, brokers, importers/exporters, speculators, and hedgers. The market facilitates international trade and investment by enabling currency exchange.
International business finance Foreign Exchange Markets
This study examines factors that influence consumers' intentions to purchase foreign exchange products online. It analyzes how internet usage, website content, context, infrastructure, and trust impact purchase intention. The results show that trust in brokers and the market, positive website context design, and reliable infrastructure positively correlate with purchase intention. Website content was found to have less influence. Overall, the study aims to help foreign exchange companies better understand what drives online purchasing and loyalty in order to improve their services and attract more investors.
International Trade
This Presentation includes the various Advantages & Disadvantages of International Trade. Protectionism Vs Free Trade.
International monetary system
The international monetary system refers to the set of rules and institutions that govern foreign exchange between nations. Historically, systems included the gold standard and Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar and gold. The collapse of Bretton Woods in 1971 led to a floating exchange rate system today where currencies fluctuate based on market forces. Current systems range from independent floating to managed floats and pegs that allow some flexibility. Understanding the monetary system helps managers with currency management, business strategy, and relations with governments.
THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION.pdf
The document discusses several key aspects of economic globalization and international trade. It defines economic globalization as the increasing interdependence of world economies through cross-border trade, financial flows, and spread of technology. Major driving forces include the growth of information and marketization. The dimensions of economic globalization are the globalization of trade, financial markets, technology/communication, and production. Economic globalization creates transnational corporations as major players and helps integrate the world economy. The origins of modern economic globalization date back to long distance trade networks in the 16th century, with acceleration in the 19th century due to industrialization. The international monetary system facilitates international trade and payments between nations.
international trade introduction - lecture 1
1) International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries. It consists of imports, which flow into a country, and exports, which flow out.
2) International trade exists because countries have different resources and production capacities. By specializing in certain goods and trading with other countries, all countries can increase their wealth.
3) International economics studies economic interactions and trade between countries, including topics like globalization, trade patterns, balance of payments, and foreign investment. It analyzes how international forces shape domestic economies.
More Related Content
What's hot
History of exchange rates
history of exchange rates
Bimetallism, bretton woods conference,Different Gold standards, International Finance presentation
The fixed exchange rate system
Under a fixed exchange rate system, governments try to maintain a constant value for their currencies against other currencies. A country's central bank commits to buying and selling its currency at a fixed price in order to maintain this exchange rate. Fixed exchange rates provide stability for international trade and control of inflation. Governments intervene in currency markets by buying and selling their own currency to influence supply and demand and maintain the fixed exchange rate when market forces would otherwise cause the rate to change.
European Monetary Union
The European Monetary Union (EMU) originated from the European Monetary System (EMS) established in 1979 to implement fixed exchange rates. The EMS has since developed into a more extensive economic and monetary union with coordinated policies among member countries. The EU and EMU were formed to create a unified European market, enhance political stability and economic growth, and eliminate risks from separate currencies. Currently 19 EU member countries use the euro currency as part of the EMU.
Economic integration
This document discusses economic integration at three levels - global, regional, and bilateral. It outlines four stages of economic integration: free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. Free trade areas eliminate internal tariffs but maintain external tariffs, while customs unions have common external tariffs. Common markets integrate free movement of goods, services, capital and labor. Economic unions coordinate fiscal and monetary policy in addition to a common market. The document also covers some economic effects like trade creation and diversion, as well as issues like trade deflection and national sovereignty.
Trade barriers
This document discusses various trade barriers such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers. It defines tariffs as taxes on imported goods which make imported goods more expensive. It describes different types of tariffs such as specific tariffs which charge a fixed fee per unit and ad valorem tariffs which charge a percentage of the good's value. It also discusses non-tariff barriers such as import quotas, licenses, and local content requirements. It explains that trade barriers benefit domestic industries by reducing competition but harm consumers by increasing prices. The government also benefits from increased tariff revenue in the short run.
International economic ch01
This document provides an introduction to international economics. It discusses that international economics deals with economic interactions between independent nations, and analyzes issues like the gains from trade, patterns of trade, trade policies, balance of payments, exchange rates, and international policy coordination. It notes that international trade focuses on real transactions of goods while international monetary analysis examines financial transactions and exchange rates. The overall topic will cover international trade theory and policy as well as exchange rates and international macroeconomic policy.
Regional trade agreements
The document discusses various types of regional trade agreements including free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. It describes key regional agreements such as ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, the EU, and TPP. The main objectives of regional trade agreements are to obtain economic benefits, pursue non-economic goals, ensure market access, and improve bargaining strength. Advantages include increased economic growth, technological innovation, investment, and trade. The document also discusses concepts like trade creation, trade diversion, rules of origin, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateral trade agreements under the WTO.
Evolution of international monetary system
The document discusses the evolution of the international monetary system over time. It describes several historical exchange rate regimes: (1) the classical gold standard before 1914 where currencies were pegged to gold; (2) the interwar period from 1914-1944 of fluctuating exchange rates; (3) the Bretton Woods system from 1944-1973 where the US dollar was pegged to gold and other currencies were pegged to the dollar. The Bretton Woods system collapsed in the 1970s and was replaced by (4) a system of floating exchange rates. More recently, the European Union established (5) a single currency, the euro, for many member states.
International Economics-Introduction
Internal and International Trade, Classical theories of International Trade, Reciprocal Demand Theory, Modern Theory (H-O Theory).
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) & Exchange Rate and Types
The document discusses exchange rate mechanisms and types of exchange rates. It provides details about:
1) The Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) which is used by central banks to manage currency exchange rates relative to other currencies through fixed or floating exchange rates.
2) The notable European ERM introduced in 1979 to reduce exchange rate variability between European countries before adopting a single currency. It faced issues in 1992 when Britain withdrew.
3) Types of exchange rates including fixed rates which maintain stable rates, floating rates set by market forces, and managed floats where governments influence rate changes.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with over $4 trillion traded daily. It allows for the buying, selling, and exchange of global currencies. There are two tiers of traders in the forex market: the interbank market of large banks and the over-the-counter market of companies and individuals. Exchange rates can be fixed by governments, floating based on supply and demand, and quoted directly or indirectly. The most popular currency pairs traded are EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF. Asian nations like China and Japan hold the largest foreign exchange reserves. Factors that influence exchange rates include central bank policies, interest rates, inflation rates,
International Monetary System
The international monetary system has evolved over time from bimetallism and the classic gold standard to the current floating exchange rate system. The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar, which was convertible to gold. It collapsed in the 1970s when the US suspended dollar convertibility. Currently, the flexible exchange rate regime categorizes systems as floating, pegging, or target zones. Floating rates are determined by market forces while pegging and target zones involve varying degrees of intervention to stabilize rates. The international monetary system facilitates global trade and investment by providing exchange rate stability and liquidity.
Foreign exchange market
The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with over $4 trillion traded daily. It allows currencies to be exchanged between countries, facilitating international trade and investment. The market involves commercial banks, central banks, brokers, and other entities buying and selling currencies constantly. The most heavily traded currencies are the US dollar, euro, Japanese yen, British pound, and Australian dollar. Participants trade in spot markets for immediate exchange or forward markets for future delivery. Factors like economic performance, interest rates, trade balances, and political events influence exchange rates between currencies.
Foreign Exchange
The document discusses foreign exchange and foreign exchange markets. It describes how foreign exchange allows the conversion of one currency to another and the transfer of money between countries. The key functions of foreign exchange markets are to transfer purchasing power, provide credit, and facilitate hedging. Participants in foreign exchange markets include commercial banks, brokerages, speculators, hedgers, arbitrageurs, and governments. Exchange rates are determined by theories like purchasing power parity and balance of payments. Exchange rate systems can be fixed or flexible, and a country's currency may have full, partial, or no convertibility.
Free trade and protection
* Benefits of free trade.
* The methods of protection.
* The arguments for protecting a country's industries from foreign competition.
International monetary system
The document discusses the evolution of international monetary systems from early systems of bimetallism up to the current flexible exchange rate regime. Key points include:
- Under bimetallism before 1875, both gold and silver were used internationally as money with Gresham's Law implying the least valuable metal would circulate.
- The classical gold standard from 1875-1914 established gold as the primary global reserve asset with currencies pegged to gold and exchange rates determined by relative gold contents.
- The interwar period saw the breakdown of the gold standard and widespread currency devaluations.
- The Bretton Woods system from 1945-1972 pegged currencies to the U.S. dollar which was peg
Foreign exchange market
The foreign exchange market allows individuals, banks, and firms to buy and sell currencies. It operates globally through telecommunications and includes spot, forward, futures, swap, and options contracts. Major participants include commercial banks, central banks, brokers, importers/exporters, speculators, and hedgers. The market facilitates international trade and investment by enabling currency exchange.
International business finance Foreign Exchange Markets
This study examines factors that influence consumers' intentions to purchase foreign exchange products online. It analyzes how internet usage, website content, context, infrastructure, and trust impact purchase intention. The results show that trust in brokers and the market, positive website context design, and reliable infrastructure positively correlate with purchase intention. Website content was found to have less influence. Overall, the study aims to help foreign exchange companies better understand what drives online purchasing and loyalty in order to improve their services and attract more investors.
International Trade
This Presentation includes the various Advantages & Disadvantages of International Trade. Protectionism Vs Free Trade.
International monetary system
The international monetary system refers to the set of rules and institutions that govern foreign exchange between nations. Historically, systems included the gold standard and Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates pegged to the US dollar and gold. The collapse of Bretton Woods in 1971 led to a floating exchange rate system today where currencies fluctuate based on market forces. Current systems range from independent floating to managed floats and pegs that allow some flexibility. Understanding the monetary system helps managers with currency management, business strategy, and relations with governments.
What's hot (20)
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) & Exchange Rate and Types
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) & Exchange Rate and Types
International business finance Foreign Exchange Markets
International business finance Foreign Exchange Markets
Similar to International Economics.pptx
THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION.pdf
The document discusses several key aspects of economic globalization and international trade. It defines economic globalization as the increasing interdependence of world economies through cross-border trade, financial flows, and spread of technology. Major driving forces include the growth of information and marketization. The dimensions of economic globalization are the globalization of trade, financial markets, technology/communication, and production. Economic globalization creates transnational corporations as major players and helps integrate the world economy. The origins of modern economic globalization date back to long distance trade networks in the 16th century, with acceleration in the 19th century due to industrialization. The international monetary system facilitates international trade and payments between nations.
international trade introduction - lecture 1
1) International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries. It consists of imports, which flow into a country, and exports, which flow out.
2) International trade exists because countries have different resources and production capacities. By specializing in certain goods and trading with other countries, all countries can increase their wealth.
3) International economics studies economic interactions and trade between countries, including topics like globalization, trade patterns, balance of payments, and foreign investment. It analyzes how international forces shape domestic economies.
I.E week 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of international economics. It defines international economics as the study of economic interactions between countries and the effects of globalization and international issues on economic activity. The document outlines some key concepts in international economics including gains from trade, patterns of trade, balance of payments, and foreign direct investment. It also describes the theoretical and descriptive aspects of international economics, discussing pure and monetary theories as well as the institutional environment for international transactions. Overall, the document introduces the broad field of international economics and some of its fundamental concepts.
Trade and development
This document discusses international trade and its role in development. It begins by defining trade and describing the key aspects of international trade including bilateral and multilateral trade. It then discusses commodities traded, distinguishing between raw materials exported by less economically developed countries and processed goods exported by more developed countries. Next, it covers trade relationships and concepts such as free trade, trade barriers, and fair trade. It concludes by discussing globalization and how increased integration impacts development, noting both advantages like increased trade but also disadvantages like greater influence of multinational corporations.
Unit 1.pptx
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
International business
International business involves transactions between two or more countries and comprises a large portion of global business. It differs from domestic business in several key ways. International business must navigate different legal systems, currencies, resources, distances, languages, and cultures between nations. Specifically, parties must adjust practices to comply with local laws, convert currencies, source resources available in other countries, account for greater transportation distances, and consider language and cultural differences when operating internationally.
International Economics: Introduction
International Economics: IntroductionWe Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economics and will focus on various aspects that influence import and export trading, MNCs operational structure etc. We will also discuss about International trade and financial scenario.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.pptx
The document discusses several key aspects of economic globalization including:
1) Economic globalization refers to the increasing integration of economies through the movement of goods, services, labor, and knowledge across borders.
2) Nations trade to promote technology transfer, improve natural resource allocation, and enhance standards of living.
3) Two major driving forces of economic globalization are the growth of information and marketization through policies like trade liberalization, foreign investment, and deregulation.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE PPT (main) [Autosaved].pptx
1. The document discusses international trade theory, including the differences between domestic and foreign trade, reasons for international trade, barriers to trade, advantages and disadvantages of trade, and theories like comparative advantage.
2. It also covers topics like terms of trade, commercial policy, economic integration, and the components and meaning of balance of payments.
3. Key concepts discussed include free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and the current, capital and monetary accounts that comprise a country's balance of payments.
Econ452 Learning Unit 01 - Part 1 - 2020 fall
This document provides an introduction to international economics. It distinguishes international economics from domestic economics and explains that international economics examines how nations interact through trade, money flows, investment, and immigration. It identifies seven main themes in international economics: (1) gains from trade, (2) patterns of trade, (3) how much to trade, (4) balance of payments, (5) exchange rate determination, (6) international policy coordination, and (7) international capital markets. It also distinguishes between the trade and monetary aspects of international economics.
Econ452 Learning Unit 01 - Part 1
This document provides an introduction to international economics. It distinguishes international economics from domestic economics and explains that international economics examines how nations interact through trade, money flows, investment, and immigration. It identifies seven main themes in international economics: (1) gains from trade, (2) patterns of trade, (3) how much to trade, (4) balance of payments, (5) exchange rate determination, (6) international policy coordination, and (7) international capital markets. It also distinguishes between the trade and monetary aspects of international economics.
The Contemporary World - CHAPTER 2.pptx
This document discusses several aspects of globalization including the global economy, factors affecting the global economy, types of economic integration, protectionism, leadership in the context of globalization, and global governance. It defines key terms like the global economy, protectionism, trade liberalization, horizontal and vertical integration. It also discusses why countries implement protectionist policies and qualities needed for effective leadership in a globalized world.
2.introduction to foreign trade
Foreign trade occurs between two or more countries through the exchange of goods and services. It takes place due to differences in countries' resources, factor endowments, technologies, labor skills, and national policies. International payments require a mechanism to connect different currency values, like foreign exchange, in order to facilitate transactions between nations. Banks play an important role in lending to both domestic and foreign trade through instruments such as bills of exchange, bank drafts, letters of credit, and telegraphic transfers.
Chapter 1_ Overview of International Business.pptx
This document provides an overview and introduction to an international business course. It defines international business as trade and investment activities across national borders. The main topics covered are the globalization of markets, international trade and investment, risks in international business, participants in international business, and strategies for entering international markets like exporting and foreign direct investment. The course objectives are to introduce students to international business and analyze how the global environment impacts international firms. Students will be evaluated based on assignments and a final exam.
Chap1scopeofintleconomics 110908013834-phpapp01
The document provides an overview of the key concepts covered in International Economics. It discusses how (1) increasing globalization and economic interdependence between countries is indicated by rising trade volumes, capital flows, and multinational companies. (2) International Economics analyzes theories of comparative advantage and trade, effects of trade policies, and monetary aspects like foreign exchange rates and balance of payments. (3) The scope includes studying how independent national economies interact through international trade and finance to allocate resources, and factors like gains from trade, patterns of trade, and approaches to managing economic relations.
Trade
International trade can provide benefits but also disadvantages. It allows countries to specialize in what they produce most efficiently while gaining access to a wider variety of goods. However, it can also lead to economic dependence on other nations and depletion of natural resources if not properly managed. Traders act as intermediaries, moving goods from producers to wholesalers to retailers and finally consumers. Goods are traded within a country as internal trade or across borders as international trade through imports and exports.
International trade
This document discusses international trade and trade policies. It defines exports and imports, noting that exports are goods and services sold abroad while imports are goods brought into a country. The document outlines pros and cons of international trade, such as increased income but also increased external debt. It then discusses different trade policies governments use, including free trade policies with no restrictions as well as protectionist policies that impose controls. Protectionism aims to shield domestic producers from foreign competition and protect public goods. Reasons for protectionism include imbalanced trade relations between raw material and industrialized countries.
Structure_of_Globalization.pptx
Module 2 – THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION
-Topics
1. The Global Economy & Market Integration
2. Role of International Financial Institution in the Creation of a Global Economy
3. The Global Interstate System and Contemporary Global Governance
International economics notes
1. The document provides an overview of international trade and economics, including definitions of internal and international trade, theories of international trade such as comparative cost theory and opportunity cost theory, and features of international transactions.
2. International trade is defined as the exchange of goods and services across borders, and is impacted by factors like transportation, globalization, and multinational corporations. Key differences between internal and international trade include barriers to trade between countries and differences in economic environments and currencies between nations.
3. Theories of international trade discussed include comparative cost theory, opportunity cost theory, and Heckscher-Ohlin theory. Features of international transactions that distinguish them from domestic trade include immobility of factors of production between countries
Distinguishing.pptx
The document distinguishes between internal and international trade by defining each and comparing them across several factors. Internal trade occurs within a country's political and geographical boundaries and does not involve currency exchange or trade restrictions. International trade, on the other hand, involves buying and selling between countries and includes currency exchange, various trade restrictions and policies, higher transportation costs, a wider range of goods traded, and the generation of foreign reserves for the trading countries.
Similar to International Economics.pptx (20)
Chapter 1_ Overview of International Business.pptx
Chapter 1_ Overview of International Business.pptx
Recently uploaded
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneRHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Recently uploaded (20)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
International Economics.pptx
- 1. International Economics Dr.R.Alagesan, Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, Madurai
- 2. Meaning • International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity from international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the international institutions that affect them.
- 3. Nature of International Economics • The international economics is an applied branch of general economics. Particularly it is an applied branch of macroeconomics. It uses economic tools and principles to judge the economics decisions in case of international trade and transaction. • International economics is a theoretical economics. This is because like other economics, it has own models, principles, and laws. As for example H.O. Theory, Leontief Paradox. • International economics is a normative economics. It means that the international economics is concerned with welfare aspect of the trade and transaction. Different international agencies were established to look after the welfare aspect of the trade relations. As for example - The world bank, IMF, etc. (iv) The international economics is a descriptive economics also which describes the flows of different policies among the different countries. As for example - free trade, quotas, etc. • International economics is also take into account international human relationships among different countries of the world. It promotes international brotherhood, peace and unification.
- 4. Scope of International Economics Technical Progress Easy flow of Capital International Co-Operation Growth of international agencies Promotion of export trade International Division of labour Promotion of peace and Brotherhood Stabilization of Prices
- 5. IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE MAKE MAXIMUM USE OF RAW MATERIALS COMPARATIVE BENEFIT GREAT CHOICE FOR USERS SPECIALIZATION AND ECONOMY – MORE EFFICIENCY BUSINESS IN SERVICE SECTOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- 6. Internal Trade International Trade Definition Internal trade is trade that involves buying and selling taking place between two parties which are located within the political and geographical boundaries of a country International trade is referred to as a trade that involves buying and selling of goods between two individuals or businesses located in two different countries or it can be trade between two different countries Currency exchange There is no exchange of currency as trade takes place within the boundaries of the nation Exchange of currency is there between the two countries/individuals/businesses involved in the trade Trade Restrictions No trade restrictions for internal trade International trade has different restrictions as the two countries involved in trade have different policies with regards to trade Transportation Cost Transportation cost is less when trade is taking place within the borders of a country Comparatively higher transportation costs as goods need to be transported across the world Goods traded Only those goods and services are traded that are available in the country Helps countries to trade goods that are produced in surplus or purchase goods that are scarcely available Foreign reserve Does not generate any foreign reserve International trade generates foreign reserves for the two trading countries
- 7. Advantages of International Trade • Comparative Advantage • Economies of Scale • Competition • Transfer of technology • More job creation