I.E week 1.pptx
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This document provides an overview of international economics. It defines international economics as the study of economic interactions between countries and the effects of globalization and international issues on economic activity. The document outlines some key concepts in international economics including gains from trade, patterns of trade, balance of payments, and foreign direct investment. It also describes the theoretical and descriptive aspects of international economics, discussing pure and monetary theories as well as the institutional environment for international transactions. Overall, the document introduces the broad field of international economics and some of its fundamental concepts.
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The term "global economy" is frequently used in discussions, news reports, and political speeches. But what exactly is the global economy, and why is it so crucial to our lives? In this article, we will delve into the global economy's nuts and bolts in simple and understandable language, exploring its various facets and emphasizing its profound significance.
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The global economy, at its core, refers to the complex web of interconnected economic activities that take place around the world. It includes the global production, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Everything from your smartphone to the coffee you drink in the morning has a global footprint. The global economy is analogous to a massive puzzle, with each piece representing a different country or region and all intricately interconnected.
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To understand the significance of the global economy, we must first break it down into its basic components:
1. International Trade: The exchange of goods and services between different countries is known as international trade. It provides nations with access to products that they cannot produce locally, promoting economic growth and diversity.
2. Global Finance: The flow of money, investments, and capital across borders is referred to as global finance. It helps businesses, governments, and individuals achieve their economic objectives.
3. Multinational Corporations: These are large corporations that have operations in several countries. They are important players in the global economy because they manufacture products in one country, sell them in another, and invest in various locations around the world.
4. Currency Exchange: Each country has its own currency. Exchange rates have an impact on international trade and financial transactions.
5. International Organizations: Organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) play an important role in regulating and facilitating global economic interactions.
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2. Global Finance: The flow of money, investments, and capital across borders is referred to as global finance. It helps businesses, governments, and individuals achieve their economic objectives.
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economicenvironment-.pptx ppt is of economic environment
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bri.pptx
Knowledge spillover refers to the exchange of ideas among individuals that can stimulate innovation. For example, one company's innovation may spur related inventions by other companies as ideas spread. Knowledge spillovers are a non-rival cost that benefits parties not directly involved in an innovation. External economies of scale occur when an industry as a whole benefits from infrastructure improvements, like a better transportation network lowering production costs for all companies located near it. International trade involves the exchange of goods, services, and capital across borders and is important for specialization and innovation in a global economy.
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This document defines international trade as the exchange of goods and services among countries globally. It notes that goods are tangible items while services are intangible. World trade has expanded due to improvements in transportation like container shipping, advances in technology and communication, reductions in tariffs through trade agreements, and China's economic reforms and joining the WTO. The document states that part one will explore factors driving international trade such as comparative advantage and trade organizations, while part two will cover international production.
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This document discusses various quantitative research methods including surveys, correlational research, experimental research, causal-comparative research, and sampling methods. It provides details on how each method works, including how variables are studied and the advantages and limitations of each approach. It also discusses ethical considerations and guidelines for writing the methodology section of a research study.
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The document summarizes a presentation on the standard trade model. It discusses three main topics: the standard model of a trading economy, tariffs and export subsidies, and international borrowing and lending. The standard model examines production possibilities, supply and demand curves, and the effects of terms of trade. Tariffs and export subsidies are trade policies that countries use to restrict or promote international trade. International borrowing and lending relates the standard trade model to trade over time through foreign debt.
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Trade policy refers to the rules and regulations that govern a country's trade. The main instruments of trade policy are tariffs, subsidies, import quotas, voluntary export restraints, local content requirements, administrative policies, and antidumping duties. Tariffs are taxes on imports or exports, subsidies are government payments to domestic producers, and quotas directly limit the quantity of goods that can be imported. The goal of these policies is typically to protect domestic industries and increase government revenues, but they can also help domestic producers gain export markets.
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The document discusses international capital markets and the gains from trade they provide. It describes the three types of international transactions - trade of goods for goods, goods for assets, and assets for assets. International capital markets allow participants like banks, firms, and governments to issue and trade different types of assets, including bonds, stocks, and currency. This increases gains from trade by improving specialization through comparative advantage and facilitating intertemporal trade of assets. It also allows risk to be reduced through international portfolio diversification.
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This document discusses factors that can affect demand, including:
1) Changes in consumer income - Higher incomes allow consumers to purchase more goods, while lower incomes reduce purchasing.
2) Changes in tastes and preferences - Advertising, trends, new products, and seasons can influence what consumers want.
3) Prices of related goods - If substitutes become more expensive, demand may rise for alternatives, while complementary goods see increased demand when used together.
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The document discusses various methods used in quantitative research, including survey research, correlational research, experimental research, causal-comparative research, and sampling methods. It provides details on each method/technique, such as how surveys involve using scientific sampling and questionnaires to gather information from a population. It also discusses the different types of experimental, causal-comparative, and correlational research designs. Additionally, it outlines the various steps involved in sampling, including defining the population, selecting a sampling frame, choosing a sampling technique, determining sample size, collecting data, and assessing response rates.
identifyingtheinquiry.pptx
This document discusses identifying an inquiry and stating a research problem. It provides sources that can prompt research questions, such as intellectual puzzles, existing literature, new theories, and personal experience. The criteria for good research questions are that they should be clear, researchable, connected to theory/research, linked together, hold the prospect of an original contribution, and be neither too broad nor too narrow. The scope and delimitations section should indicate the boundaries of the study. The objectives of research should state what the research aims to discover, explain, or explore.
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This document discusses how to identify and formulate a research problem. It explains that starting research is like going through a maze, with different routes to reach the goal. The key is determining where to begin. Some potential starting points include daily life experiences, academic readings, personal hobbies, or attention-catching situations. The document then provides tips for narrowing down a topic, such as focusing on a specific time period, location, or issue. Finally, it outlines the characteristics of a good research problem and criteria for evaluating problem statements.
Chapter 2 identyfying problem.pptx
This document discusses how to identify and formulate a research problem. It begins by comparing starting a research investigation to embarking on a journey through a maze, noting there may be different routes to reach the goal but the key is determining where to begin. It then provides examples of potential sources of interest that could inspire research topics, such as daily life experiences, academic readings, and personal hobbies. The document emphasizes the importance of narrowing down a topic and provides steps for doing so, including listing criteria for evaluating a good research problem. Finally, it discusses characteristics a research problem should have such as being specific, realistic, time-bound, measurable, and attainable.
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SELECTING RESEARCH PROBLEM.pptx
This document provides guidance on selecting a research problem and developing a research proposal or report. It discusses factors to consider in selecting a problem, such as importance, feasibility, and personal interest. It also outlines the typical sections of a research proposal or report, including an introduction with problem statement and research questions/hypotheses, a literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusions. The document emphasizes developing a clear research problem and questions and providing detailed information on methodology and data analysis.
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The teacher reviewed classroom norms and objectives. Students then participated in activities to practice differentiating between inquiry and research, and to discuss the importance of research in daily life. They were asked to invent helpful devices, share ideas about research, and present how research affects society. The teacher emphasized that research is an active learning process that develops critical thinking. It is important as it builds knowledge, helps understand issues, and aids business. Research also helps prove truths and find opportunities.
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
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你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜往往在瓜棚里坐上一刻饱吃一顿后山娃就领着阿黑漫山遍野地跑阿黑是一条黑色的大猎狗挺机灵的是山娃多年的忠实伙伴平时山娃上学阿黑也摇头晃脑地跟去暑假用不着上学阿钩
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I.E week 1.pptx
- 1. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Introduction ALLAN DAVE CASTRO SIBBALUCA, LPT, MPBA
- 2. What is International Economics? • International economics deals with the economic activities of various countries and their consequences. • In other words, international economics is a field concerned with economic interactions of countries and effect of international issues on the world economic activity. • It studies economic and political issues related to international trade and finance
- 3. What is International Economics? International economics refers to a study of international forces that influence the domestic conditions of an economy and shape the economic relationship between countries. In other words, it studies the economic interdependence between countries and its effects on economy. The scope of international economics is wide as it includes various concepts, such as globalization, gains from trade, pattern of trade, balance of payments, and FDI. Apart from this, international economics describes production, trade, and investment between countries.
- 4. Basic Concepts in International Economics • International economics has emerged as one of the most essential concepts for countries. Over the years, the field of international economics has developed drastically with various theoretical, empirical, and descriptive contributions. • Generally, the economic activities between nations differ from activities within nations. For example, the factors of production are less mobile between countries due to various restrictions imposed by governments.
- 5. (Continuation..) • The impact of various government restrictions on production, trade, consumption, and distribution of income are covered in the study of internal economics. Thus, it is important to study the international economics as a special field of economics. • International economics is divided into two parts, namely, theoretical and descriptive.
- 6. Theoretical international economics is further grouped into two categories, which are as follows: (i) Pure Theory of International Economics: Involves microeconomic part of international economics. The pure theory of international economics deals with trade patterns, impact of trade on production, rate of consumption, and income distribution. Apart from this, it also involves the study of effects of trade on prices of goods and services and rate of economic growth.
- 7. (Continuation..) (ii) Monetary Theory of International Economics: Involves macroeconomic part of international economics. The monetary theory of international economics is concerned with issues related to balance of payments and international monetary system. It studies causes of disequilibrium between payments and international monetary system and international liquidity.
- 8. (Continuation..) (b) Descriptive International Economics: • Deals with institutional environment in which international transactions take place between countries. Descriptive international economics also studies issues related to international flow of goods and services and financial and other resources. In addition, it covers the study of various international economic institutions, such as IMF, WTO, World Bank, and UNCTAD. • Among aforementioned concepts, such as globalization, gains from trade, pattern of trade, balance of payments, and FDI, globalization forms the major part to be learned in international economics.
- 10. What is Free Trade? Trade reflects the impact of specialization and exchange. Specialization of scare resources. Exchange in part based on comparative advantage in supplying different goods and services.
- 11. The concept of an open economy In an open economy, one nation trades openly with others. Trade in goods Trade in services Free flow of financial capital Free flow of labor resources An economy integrated with and connected to the world economy.
- 12. FREE FLOW OF FINANCIAL CAPITAL KEY TAKEAWAYS Capital flows follow the movement of funds that are put to use for productive economic purposes. For a firm capital flows entail money allocated to operations, R&D, and investment; for an individual money spend to consumption, investment, and savings. Capital flows also occur at the national level, with governments collecting revenues in the form of taxes or issuing bonds, and spending proceeds on various public projects or investments.
- 13. Potential Advantage from Trade (1) Increased competition for producers -Increased market contestability -Pressure on suppliers to keep prices down -Improved allocative & productive efficiency -Prices closer to their factor cost -Pressure on unit costs to fall/scale economies (2) Better use of scarce resources -Exploitation of comparative advantage -Benefits from specialization -Trade can be an important source of economic growth and development
- 14. Potential Advantage from Trade (3) Dynamic Efficiency Gains - Trade speeds up the pace of technological progress and innovation - Transfer ideas/technology spill-overs - Greater choice for consumers (4) Economies of Scale -Increasing returns to scale from selling to larger markets -Gains in producer & consumer surplus (5) A stimulant to growth -Exports-an injection of AD into circular flow - Boost to export will have multiplier and accelerator effects on national income - Supply side improvement from investment and greater factor mobility bet. Countries
- 15. GAINS FROM EXTERNAL TRADE 1. Reduction in extreme poverty 2. Increased market competition 3. Access to new technologies 4. Inflows of knowledge 5. Economies of scale 6. Better use of scarce resources
- 16. THANK YOU!