This document provides an introduction to international economics. It distinguishes international economics from domestic economics and explains that international economics examines how nations interact through trade, money flows, investment, and immigration. It identifies seven main themes in international economics: (1) gains from trade, (2) patterns of trade, (3) how much to trade, (4) balance of payments, (5) exchange rate determination, (6) international policy coordination, and (7) international capital markets. It also distinguishes between the trade and monetary aspects of international economics.
A2 Macroeconomics - Revision on the Balance of Paymentstutor2u
The balance of payments (BOP) records all financial transactions made between consumers, businesses and the government in one country with other nations.
The current account measures the difference between money and credit going in and out of an economy (through exports, imports and income paid on assets both home and abroad)
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economics and will focus on various aspects that influence import and export trading, MNCs operational structure etc. We will also discuss about International trade and financial scenario.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Group 7
AGUILA, Don George Kinsee M.
DIMACULANGAN, Shella H.
DINGLASAN, Rydg Chrejt V.
MANTUANO, Dannah Francesca B.
OLAN, Elona Mathel B.
PAALA, Kaycee Ericka B.
PROMENTILA, Julie Anne E.
A2D - Macecon
Brief PPT on Balance of payment Vs Balance of TradeShubham Parsekar
The ppt is based on Balance of payment and Balance of trade, their meaning ,factors affecting them and difference between both i.e BOP & BOT.
i hope this presentation will be helpful to you , as everything is tried to fit in these slides. i suggest everyone to just go through the economics text book and gain more insights if one is very much interested in it.
please like the presentation and comment below your views about it.
follow me on slideshare for more informative power point presentations.
A2 Macroeconomics - Revision on the Balance of Paymentstutor2u
The balance of payments (BOP) records all financial transactions made between consumers, businesses and the government in one country with other nations.
The current account measures the difference between money and credit going in and out of an economy (through exports, imports and income paid on assets both home and abroad)
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economics and will focus on various aspects that influence import and export trading, MNCs operational structure etc. We will also discuss about International trade and financial scenario.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Group 7
AGUILA, Don George Kinsee M.
DIMACULANGAN, Shella H.
DINGLASAN, Rydg Chrejt V.
MANTUANO, Dannah Francesca B.
OLAN, Elona Mathel B.
PAALA, Kaycee Ericka B.
PROMENTILA, Julie Anne E.
A2D - Macecon
Brief PPT on Balance of payment Vs Balance of TradeShubham Parsekar
The ppt is based on Balance of payment and Balance of trade, their meaning ,factors affecting them and difference between both i.e BOP & BOT.
i hope this presentation will be helpful to you , as everything is tried to fit in these slides. i suggest everyone to just go through the economics text book and gain more insights if one is very much interested in it.
please like the presentation and comment below your views about it.
follow me on slideshare for more informative power point presentations.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
2. Objectives
1. Distinguish between international and domestic economic issues
2. Explain why seven themes recur in international economics and
discuss their significance
3. Distinguish between the trade and monetary aspects of
international economics
3. What Is International Economics About?
• International economics is about how nations
interact through trade of goods and services,
flows of money, Investment, and Immigration
• International economics is a political economics
– IE is an old subject, but continues to grow in
importance.
• Nations are now more closely linked than ever
before.
– What one nation does affects other nations.
4. How Important International Trade Is?
An importance of International Trade in an economy can be measured
by shares of imports and exports in GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
• GDP measures total production and expenditure of an economy. If a share of
exports in GDP is large, a large portion of production is sold to foreigners and
domestic workers earn income from foreign sales.
• GDP measures total expenditure of an economy. If a share of imports in GDP
is large, a large portion of consumption and other expenditure is from foreign
countries.
5. Fig. 1-1: Exports and Imports as a Percentage of U.S. National Income
• Both imports and exports
have risen as a share of
the U.S. economy.
• U.S. has been in trade
deficit (imports exceed
exports) since late 1970s.
• Trade as share of GDP
tends to decrease during
recessions.
6. Fig. 1-2: Average of Exports and Imports as Percentage of National Income in 2015
Compared to the United States, other
countries are even more tied to
international trade.
• Their imports and exports as a share
of GDP are substantially higher.
• The United States, due to its size and
diversity of resources, relies less on
international trade than almost any
other country.
7. Seven Main Themes in International Economics
1. Gains from Trade
2. Pattern of Trade
3. How Much to Trade
4. Balance of Payments*
5. Exchange Rate Determination*
6. International Policy Coordination*
7. International Capital Market*
8. Gains from Trade
• That there are gains from trade is probably the most important
insight in international economics.
• Countries selling goods and services to each other almost always
generates mutual benefits.
• Trade is predicted to benefit countries as a whole in several ways,
but trade may harm particular groups within a country.
9. Patterns of Trade
• The pattern of trade describes who sells what to whom.
• Differences in climate and resources explain why Brazil exports
coffee and Saudi Arabia exports oil.
• Why some countries export certain products can stem from
differences in:
1. Labor productivity
2. Relative supplies of capital, labor and land and their use in the
production of different goods and services
10. How Much to Trade
How much two countries trade between them depends on many
economic and non-economic factors:
• Distance: Closer two countries, easier and cheaper to trade
• Size of Economies: Larger an economy, more demand for foreign
goods and more supply of goods for foreigners
• Impediments of Trade: Natural impediments of trade such as
large ocean and high mountains discourage trades
11. Effects of Government Policies on Trade
Government policies can affect the amount of trade through
• tariffs: a tax on imports or exports
• quotas: a quantity restriction on imports or exports
• export subsidies: a payment to producers that export
• regulations (ex., product specifications) that exclude foreign
products from the market, but still allow domestic products.
What are the costs and benefits of these policies?
12. Globalization
Globalization: Increasing integration of economies around the world,
particularly through trade and financial flows, but also through the
movement of ideas and people, facilitated by the revolution in
telecommunication and transportation.
Anti-globalization movement: Recently, activists (in both sides) in
developed countries oppose globalization because
• (Right) globalization and immigration are threats to national identity
• (Left) globalization and capitalism are a threat to global democracy
and global justice
13. Trade and Money
Two main subfields of international economics are
• International trade focuses primarily on the real transactions in
the international economy – transactions involving a physical
movement of goods and services or a tangible commitment of
economic resources.
• International finance focus on the monetary side of the
international economy – financial transactions including foreign
exchange and balance of payment as well as international capital
market.
14. Disclaimer
Please do not copy, modify, or distribute
this presentation
without author’s consent.
This presentation was created and owned
by
Dr. Ryoichi Sakano
North Carolina A&T State University
Editor's Notes
Questions: What are national income, exports, and imports? How to measure?
Questions: What are significance of increased shares of imports and exports for your life?
Questions: What does the U.S. export? What does the U.S. import?
Questions: When the U.S. opens its trade to India, U.S. businesses and workers worry that they lose to India because of cheap labor in India. At the same time, Indian businesses and workers worry that they lose to U.S. because of high productivity in the U.S. Can both countries lose from trade (exchange)?
Questions: Does everyone benefit from trades?
Questions: Why does the government want to affect international trades? Should it do or not? What is protectionism? What is Mercantilism?
Questions: Why does the government want to affect international trades? Should it do or not? What is protectionism? What is Mercantilism?
Questions: What is anti-globalization movement? Why do people adhere anti-globalization movement? What do anti-globalization activist advocate? Who will benefit from anti-globalization movement?