The Presentation is about Classification of I.C engines, Components, Working, Cycles and Systems such as Ignition, Fuel supply, Lubrication, Cooling, Governing
The document summarizes combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how combustion occurs simultaneously in many spots in a non-homogeneous fuel-air mixture, controlled by fuel injection timing. The four stages of CI engine combustion are ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing-controlled combustion, and late combustion. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. Knock may occur if ignition delay is too long. The document provides diagrams to illustrate CI engine combustion processes and types.
The document discusses the stages of combustion in a compression ignition (diesel) engine. It describes four stages: 1) ignition delay period, where fuel is injected and mixes with air before igniting; 2) rapid uncontrolled combustion, where ignition occurs rapidly across the cylinder; 3) mixing-controlled combustion phase, where combustion is controlled by fuel injection rate and mixing; 4) late combustion or afterburning phase, where any remaining fuel continues burning slowly through the expansion stroke. The document explains the physical and chemical processes that occur during each stage.
The document discusses combustion in internal combustion engines. It covers:
1) The normal combustion process in spark ignition engines including the 3 stages of combustion and factors affecting flame speed.
2) The combustion process in compression ignition engines including the 4 stages and factors affecting the ignition delay period.
3) Abnormal combustion phenomena like knock and types of abnormal combustion in diesel engines.
The document discusses the combustion process in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: 1) ignition delay, 2) rapid uncontrolled combustion, 3) lower rate combustion, and 4) tail of combustion. It also discusses knocking in diesel engines, the rating of diesel fuels using metrics like cetane number and diesel index, and the relationship between cetane number and octane number. The critical compression ratio is defined as the minimum ratio needed for ignition under specified conditions.
The document discusses combustion in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: ignition delay period, rapid combustion period, controlled combustion period, and after-burning period. It explains factors that affect the ignition delay period such as compression ratio, engine speed, fuel quality, and intake conditions. The document also discusses knock in diesel engines and different combustion chamber designs for diesel engines, including direct injection and indirect injection types.
1. Combustion involves the rapid chemical combination of fuel and oxygen, resulting in heat release. It requires a combustible mixture, an ignition source, and flame propagation.
2. In spark ignition (SI) engines, a carburetor supplies an air-fuel mixture and a spark plug ignites it. Combustion in SI engines occurs in three stages: ignition lag, flame propagation, and afterburning.
3. Factors like air-fuel ratio, compression ratio, load, turbulence, and engine speed affect the flame propagation rate in SI engines. Higher propagation speeds improve efficiency and fuel economy.
The document discusses combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes the four stages of combustion in CI engines: (1) ignition delay period, (2) uncontrolled combustion, (3) controlled combustion, and (4) after burning. It explains that the ignition delay period allows fuel to accumulate, causing uncontrolled combustion and a steep pressure rise when ignition occurs. Controlled combustion then follows, where combustion is matched to the fuel injection rate.
The document provides information on combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It discusses various topics such as:
1. The stages of combustion in CI engines including ignition delay period, uncontrolled combustion, controlled combustion, and afterburning. Ignition delay depends on factors like temperature, fuel quality, and compression ratio.
2. Diesel knock (detonation) which produces a clanking sound from rapid combustion. It can be controlled by using better fuel, controlling fuel supply rate, and increasing swirl.
3. Different types of combustion chambers in CI engines including direct injection, indirect injection, pre-combustion chamber, swirl chamber, and air-cell chamber.
4. F
The document summarizes combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how combustion occurs simultaneously in many spots in a non-homogeneous fuel-air mixture, controlled by fuel injection timing. The four stages of CI engine combustion are ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing-controlled combustion, and late combustion. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. Knock may occur if ignition delay is too long. The document provides diagrams to illustrate CI engine combustion processes and types.
The document discusses the stages of combustion in a compression ignition (diesel) engine. It describes four stages: 1) ignition delay period, where fuel is injected and mixes with air before igniting; 2) rapid uncontrolled combustion, where ignition occurs rapidly across the cylinder; 3) mixing-controlled combustion phase, where combustion is controlled by fuel injection rate and mixing; 4) late combustion or afterburning phase, where any remaining fuel continues burning slowly through the expansion stroke. The document explains the physical and chemical processes that occur during each stage.
The document discusses combustion in internal combustion engines. It covers:
1) The normal combustion process in spark ignition engines including the 3 stages of combustion and factors affecting flame speed.
2) The combustion process in compression ignition engines including the 4 stages and factors affecting the ignition delay period.
3) Abnormal combustion phenomena like knock and types of abnormal combustion in diesel engines.
The document discusses the combustion process in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: 1) ignition delay, 2) rapid uncontrolled combustion, 3) lower rate combustion, and 4) tail of combustion. It also discusses knocking in diesel engines, the rating of diesel fuels using metrics like cetane number and diesel index, and the relationship between cetane number and octane number. The critical compression ratio is defined as the minimum ratio needed for ignition under specified conditions.
The document discusses combustion in diesel engines. It describes the four stages of combustion: ignition delay period, rapid combustion period, controlled combustion period, and after-burning period. It explains factors that affect the ignition delay period such as compression ratio, engine speed, fuel quality, and intake conditions. The document also discusses knock in diesel engines and different combustion chamber designs for diesel engines, including direct injection and indirect injection types.
1. Combustion involves the rapid chemical combination of fuel and oxygen, resulting in heat release. It requires a combustible mixture, an ignition source, and flame propagation.
2. In spark ignition (SI) engines, a carburetor supplies an air-fuel mixture and a spark plug ignites it. Combustion in SI engines occurs in three stages: ignition lag, flame propagation, and afterburning.
3. Factors like air-fuel ratio, compression ratio, load, turbulence, and engine speed affect the flame propagation rate in SI engines. Higher propagation speeds improve efficiency and fuel economy.
The document discusses combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes the four stages of combustion in CI engines: (1) ignition delay period, (2) uncontrolled combustion, (3) controlled combustion, and (4) after burning. It explains that the ignition delay period allows fuel to accumulate, causing uncontrolled combustion and a steep pressure rise when ignition occurs. Controlled combustion then follows, where combustion is matched to the fuel injection rate.
The document provides information on combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It discusses various topics such as:
1. The stages of combustion in CI engines including ignition delay period, uncontrolled combustion, controlled combustion, and afterburning. Ignition delay depends on factors like temperature, fuel quality, and compression ratio.
2. Diesel knock (detonation) which produces a clanking sound from rapid combustion. It can be controlled by using better fuel, controlling fuel supply rate, and increasing swirl.
3. Different types of combustion chambers in CI engines including direct injection, indirect injection, pre-combustion chamber, swirl chamber, and air-cell chamber.
4. F
This document provides an overview of combustion in spark ignition engines. It discusses the three main stages of combustion: ignition and flame development, flame propagation, and flame termination. During ignition and flame development, ignition occurs but little pressure rise is noticed. The bulk of the fuel-air mixture is burned during the flame propagation period, when most of the useful work is produced via pressure rise in the expansion stroke. The final stage of combustion, flame termination, involves the consumption of the remaining fuel-air mixture. In summary, the document breaks down the combustion process in spark ignition engines into its key sequential stages.
internal combustion engines are discussed including combustion behaviourmp poonia
The document provides information on engine performance and terminology. It discusses how engines convert the heat of burning fuel into useful energy. It explains that engine efficiency is typically much less than 100% due to factors like friction and heat loss. It also discusses different types of engines like Otto and Diesel engines, and key engine components and metrics like bore, stroke, displacement, compression ratio, power, and torque. It provides details on fuel types, properties, and requirements for different engines. Overall, the document is a technical overview of engine performance and key concepts.
This document contains a question bank with questions related to gas power cycles, internal combustion engines, and their thermodynamic cycles. It includes 20 multiple choice questions in Part A and 10 numerical problems in Part B for each of the following topics: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle, Brayton cycle, classification of internal combustion engines, working of diesel and petrol engines, ignition systems, combustion, cooling and lubrication systems. The document provides a comprehensive set of questions to assess knowledge and understanding of thermodynamics, cycles and working of different internal combustion engines.
This document discusses various types of fuel injection systems for spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It describes the different stages of combustion in diesel engines including ignition delay, rapid combustion, mixing controlled combustion, and late combustion. It also discusses factors that affect combustion like temperature, pressure, composition, and design of the combustion chamber. The document outlines different types of diesel fuel injection systems including mechanical and electronic systems. It describes the purpose and workings of fuel injection pumps, nozzles, and catalytic converters.
This document outlines the syllabus for an advanced internal combustion engines course. The course is divided into 5 units that cover topics such as: carburetion and combustion in spark ignition engines; compression ignition engines; engine exhaust emission control; alternate fuels; and recent engine technologies. Unit 1 discusses the air-fuel ratio requirements for spark ignition engines, carburetor design and operation, combustion stages, knock factors, and thermodynamic analysis of the combustion process.
1. The document discusses various air cycles used in internal combustion engines, including Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It compares features of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines like efficiency, compression ratio, and applications.
2. Reciprocating engines are more efficient but heavier than gas turbines. Two-stroke engines are more compact but less efficient than four-stroke engines. SI engines use lower compression ratios and have smoother combustion, while CI engines are more efficient but heavier.
3. Knocking can occur in SI engines due to factors like fuel type, compression ratio, combustion chamber design, and engine speed. The octane rating indicates a fuel's resistance to knocking.
This document provides an overview of combustion and fuel characteristics in internal combustion engines. It defines key terms related to combustion processes, such as normal combustion, abnormal combustion, spark knock, and surface ignition. It also discusses knocking phenomenon, factors that contribute to knocking, and ways to reduce knocking. Additionally, it covers fuel characteristics like octane rating and gasoline distillation. Pressure-crank angle diagrams and the Ricardo diagram are presented to illustrate combustion processes. The effects of engine speed on ignition timing are described.
This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers air-fuel ratio requirements, the stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion, factors that affect knocking, and combustion chambers. Knocking occurs when pockets of the air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front, disrupting the precise ignition timing. Factors that influence knocking include density, time, and fuel composition. The design of the combustion chamber aims to provide smooth engine operation and high power output through efficient combustion.
This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers mixture requirements, fuel injection systems, stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion like knocking. Knocking occurs when pockets of air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front. Factors that affect knocking include density factors, time factors, and composition factors. The document also discusses combustion chambers and their role in smooth engine operation and high power output.
The document discusses different classifications and components of internal combustion engines. It describes the major classifications as: type of ignition (spark or compression), engine cycle (4-stroke or 2-stroke), valve location, basic design, position/number of cylinders, air intake process, fuel input/type, application, cooling type. It then provides details on the 4-stroke engine cycle and lists common engine components such as the block, cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, valves etc. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of how internal combustion engines can be classified and their basic cycles and components.
The four stroke SI engine involves four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, a fuel-air mixture is introduced into the cylinder through the intake valve. In the compression stroke, the fuel-air mixture is compressed. In the combustion stroke, combustion occurs at constant volume, causing the product gases to expand and do work. In the exhaust stroke, the product gases are pushed out through the exhaust valve.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines and describes how internal combustion engines work by combusting fuel within the engine cylinder. It then discusses the basic components of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, intake and exhaust valves. It provides classifications of IC engines based on their cycle of operation and combustion cycle. It also summarizes the working of common engine components like the spark plug, carburetor, flywheel and governor.
Fundamentals of Compression Ignition EngineAnand Kumar
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of compression ignition engines. It begins with classifications of engines based on physical state of mixture and ignition type. It then discusses engine components, the diesel cycle, combustion processes, abnormal combustion, and developments to improve emissions such as common rail direct injection and exhaust gas recirculation. The goal is to introduce key concepts regarding compression ignition engines including working, thermodynamics and developments to control emissions.
The document discusses fuel injection and spray formation in diesel engines. It examines the effects of injection pressure on engine performance and emissions. The results of an experiment showed that brake thermal efficiency peaked at an injection pressure of 200 bars, while brake specific fuel consumption was lowest. CO and smoke emissions decreased with higher injection pressure, while UHC first decreased and then increased as pressure became too high. Optimal injection pressure was found to be 200 bars for a 20% biodiesel blend. Cavitation in the fuel injector nozzle enhances spray atomization and improves combustion. Nozzle geometry and injection conditions can affect cavitation.
The document summarizes the combustion process in internal combustion engines. It discusses four stages of combustion: 1) ignition delay period, where fuel is transformed into vapor and mixed with air before ignition; 2) uncontrolled combustion, where accumulated fuel burns rapidly once ignition begins; 3) controlled combustion, where the combustion rate matches the fuel injection rate; and 4) after burning of residual fuel. Factors like injection timing and fuel properties affect the ignition delay period. The combustion chamber design must provide efficient fuel-air mixing and heat distribution to achieve smooth combustion.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
The document outlines the contents of a presentation on internal combustion engines. It includes sections on the introduction and classification of I.C. engines, components of I.C. engines, terminology used, and descriptions of the four stroke cycles of petrol and diesel engines. The key components of I.C. engines such as the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves and manifolds are defined. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for four stroke petrol and diesel engines.
The combustion process in a compression ignition (CI) engine occurs differently than in a spark ignition engine. In a CI engine, the air-fuel mixture is not homogeneous since the liquid fuel remains in particle form. Combustion takes place simultaneously at many points as the liquid fuel is evaporated, mixed with air, and raised to its ignition temperature. There are four stages of combustion in a CI engine: 1) an ignition delay period as the fuel is injected and begins to chemically react, 2) a premixed burning phase of maximum heat release, 3) a mixing-controlled combustion phase where fuel burns as it is injected, and 4) a tail/afterburning region where remaining unburned fuel continues burning into the
The document discusses pistons, piston rings, and their roles in internal combustion engines. It describes the combustion cycle that involves the piston, including how the piston is forced upward on the compression stroke and downward on the power stroke. It also discusses piston and ring materials, piston shapes, ring types including compression and oil rings, and the functions of piston rings in sealing the combustion chamber and controlling lubrication.
The document discusses different types of engines including internal and external combustion engines. It describes the basic functions and components of internal combustion engines, which convert chemical energy from fuel into heat and then mechanical energy. The document outlines the four main events required for internal combustion engine operation: air-fuel mixture intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust. It also summarizes the operating cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
The report included most of the vital information regarding the Marine diesel engine: the 2 stroke and the 4 stroke, etc that may be helpful to the students.
This document provides an overview of combustion in spark ignition engines. It discusses the three main stages of combustion: ignition and flame development, flame propagation, and flame termination. During ignition and flame development, ignition occurs but little pressure rise is noticed. The bulk of the fuel-air mixture is burned during the flame propagation period, when most of the useful work is produced via pressure rise in the expansion stroke. The final stage of combustion, flame termination, involves the consumption of the remaining fuel-air mixture. In summary, the document breaks down the combustion process in spark ignition engines into its key sequential stages.
internal combustion engines are discussed including combustion behaviourmp poonia
The document provides information on engine performance and terminology. It discusses how engines convert the heat of burning fuel into useful energy. It explains that engine efficiency is typically much less than 100% due to factors like friction and heat loss. It also discusses different types of engines like Otto and Diesel engines, and key engine components and metrics like bore, stroke, displacement, compression ratio, power, and torque. It provides details on fuel types, properties, and requirements for different engines. Overall, the document is a technical overview of engine performance and key concepts.
This document contains a question bank with questions related to gas power cycles, internal combustion engines, and their thermodynamic cycles. It includes 20 multiple choice questions in Part A and 10 numerical problems in Part B for each of the following topics: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle, Brayton cycle, classification of internal combustion engines, working of diesel and petrol engines, ignition systems, combustion, cooling and lubrication systems. The document provides a comprehensive set of questions to assess knowledge and understanding of thermodynamics, cycles and working of different internal combustion engines.
This document discusses various types of fuel injection systems for spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It describes the different stages of combustion in diesel engines including ignition delay, rapid combustion, mixing controlled combustion, and late combustion. It also discusses factors that affect combustion like temperature, pressure, composition, and design of the combustion chamber. The document outlines different types of diesel fuel injection systems including mechanical and electronic systems. It describes the purpose and workings of fuel injection pumps, nozzles, and catalytic converters.
This document outlines the syllabus for an advanced internal combustion engines course. The course is divided into 5 units that cover topics such as: carburetion and combustion in spark ignition engines; compression ignition engines; engine exhaust emission control; alternate fuels; and recent engine technologies. Unit 1 discusses the air-fuel ratio requirements for spark ignition engines, carburetor design and operation, combustion stages, knock factors, and thermodynamic analysis of the combustion process.
1. The document discusses various air cycles used in internal combustion engines, including Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It compares features of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines like efficiency, compression ratio, and applications.
2. Reciprocating engines are more efficient but heavier than gas turbines. Two-stroke engines are more compact but less efficient than four-stroke engines. SI engines use lower compression ratios and have smoother combustion, while CI engines are more efficient but heavier.
3. Knocking can occur in SI engines due to factors like fuel type, compression ratio, combustion chamber design, and engine speed. The octane rating indicates a fuel's resistance to knocking.
This document provides an overview of combustion and fuel characteristics in internal combustion engines. It defines key terms related to combustion processes, such as normal combustion, abnormal combustion, spark knock, and surface ignition. It also discusses knocking phenomenon, factors that contribute to knocking, and ways to reduce knocking. Additionally, it covers fuel characteristics like octane rating and gasoline distillation. Pressure-crank angle diagrams and the Ricardo diagram are presented to illustrate combustion processes. The effects of engine speed on ignition timing are described.
This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers air-fuel ratio requirements, the stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion, factors that affect knocking, and combustion chambers. Knocking occurs when pockets of the air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front, disrupting the precise ignition timing. Factors that influence knocking include density, time, and fuel composition. The design of the combustion chamber aims to provide smooth engine operation and high power output through efficient combustion.
This document discusses spark ignition engines. It covers mixture requirements, fuel injection systems, stages of combustion including normal and abnormal combustion like knocking. Knocking occurs when pockets of air-fuel mixture explode outside of the normal combustion front. Factors that affect knocking include density factors, time factors, and composition factors. The document also discusses combustion chambers and their role in smooth engine operation and high power output.
The document discusses different classifications and components of internal combustion engines. It describes the major classifications as: type of ignition (spark or compression), engine cycle (4-stroke or 2-stroke), valve location, basic design, position/number of cylinders, air intake process, fuel input/type, application, cooling type. It then provides details on the 4-stroke engine cycle and lists common engine components such as the block, cylinders, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, valves etc. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of how internal combustion engines can be classified and their basic cycles and components.
The four stroke SI engine involves four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, a fuel-air mixture is introduced into the cylinder through the intake valve. In the compression stroke, the fuel-air mixture is compressed. In the combustion stroke, combustion occurs at constant volume, causing the product gases to expand and do work. In the exhaust stroke, the product gases are pushed out through the exhaust valve.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines and describes how internal combustion engines work by combusting fuel within the engine cylinder. It then discusses the basic components of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, intake and exhaust valves. It provides classifications of IC engines based on their cycle of operation and combustion cycle. It also summarizes the working of common engine components like the spark plug, carburetor, flywheel and governor.
Fundamentals of Compression Ignition EngineAnand Kumar
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of compression ignition engines. It begins with classifications of engines based on physical state of mixture and ignition type. It then discusses engine components, the diesel cycle, combustion processes, abnormal combustion, and developments to improve emissions such as common rail direct injection and exhaust gas recirculation. The goal is to introduce key concepts regarding compression ignition engines including working, thermodynamics and developments to control emissions.
The document discusses fuel injection and spray formation in diesel engines. It examines the effects of injection pressure on engine performance and emissions. The results of an experiment showed that brake thermal efficiency peaked at an injection pressure of 200 bars, while brake specific fuel consumption was lowest. CO and smoke emissions decreased with higher injection pressure, while UHC first decreased and then increased as pressure became too high. Optimal injection pressure was found to be 200 bars for a 20% biodiesel blend. Cavitation in the fuel injector nozzle enhances spray atomization and improves combustion. Nozzle geometry and injection conditions can affect cavitation.
The document summarizes the combustion process in internal combustion engines. It discusses four stages of combustion: 1) ignition delay period, where fuel is transformed into vapor and mixed with air before ignition; 2) uncontrolled combustion, where accumulated fuel burns rapidly once ignition begins; 3) controlled combustion, where the combustion rate matches the fuel injection rate; and 4) after burning of residual fuel. Factors like injection timing and fuel properties affect the ignition delay period. The combustion chamber design must provide efficient fuel-air mixing and heat distribution to achieve smooth combustion.
This document provides information on different types of steam boilers. It begins with introducing key components of steam boilers such as the boiler shell, combustion chamber, grate, furnace, heating surface, mountings, and accessories. It then describes several specific boiler designs including a simple vertical boiler, Cochran boiler, scotch marine boiler, Lancashire boiler, Cornish boiler, locomotive boiler, and Babcock and Wilcox boiler. Each boiler type is summarized with a diagram and description of its key features and components. The document provides technical details on how different boiler designs generate and circulate steam for various industrial applications.
The document outlines the contents of a presentation on internal combustion engines. It includes sections on the introduction and classification of I.C. engines, components of I.C. engines, terminology used, and descriptions of the four stroke cycles of petrol and diesel engines. The key components of I.C. engines such as the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves and manifolds are defined. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for four stroke petrol and diesel engines.
The combustion process in a compression ignition (CI) engine occurs differently than in a spark ignition engine. In a CI engine, the air-fuel mixture is not homogeneous since the liquid fuel remains in particle form. Combustion takes place simultaneously at many points as the liquid fuel is evaporated, mixed with air, and raised to its ignition temperature. There are four stages of combustion in a CI engine: 1) an ignition delay period as the fuel is injected and begins to chemically react, 2) a premixed burning phase of maximum heat release, 3) a mixing-controlled combustion phase where fuel burns as it is injected, and 4) a tail/afterburning region where remaining unburned fuel continues burning into the
The document discusses pistons, piston rings, and their roles in internal combustion engines. It describes the combustion cycle that involves the piston, including how the piston is forced upward on the compression stroke and downward on the power stroke. It also discusses piston and ring materials, piston shapes, ring types including compression and oil rings, and the functions of piston rings in sealing the combustion chamber and controlling lubrication.
The document discusses different types of engines including internal and external combustion engines. It describes the basic functions and components of internal combustion engines, which convert chemical energy from fuel into heat and then mechanical energy. The document outlines the four main events required for internal combustion engine operation: air-fuel mixture intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust. It also summarizes the operating cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
The report included most of the vital information regarding the Marine diesel engine: the 2 stroke and the 4 stroke, etc that may be helpful to the students.
ALL ABOUT AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS MATERIAL .IT IS VERY USEFUL FOR TO KNOW ABOUT MATERIALS USED FOR AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS. AND ALSO THE PROCEDURE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS.
Turbochargers increase an engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber. They have been used since the early 1900s but became more common in automobiles following the 1973 oil crisis. A turbocharger consists of a compressor and turbine connected by a shaft, with the turbine powered by exhaust gases that spin the compressor and force more air into the engine cylinders. Proper maintenance like regular oil changes is important to prevent failures and extend the life of turbocharger components exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
The document discusses the history and working of four-stroke diesel engines, describing their intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. It provides diagrams of the diesel cycle and lists key components like the engine block, crankshaft, camshaft, and piston. Advantages of diesel engines include efficiency and reliability, while disadvantages include higher costs and noise levels compared to gasoline engines.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on a six-stroke engine. It begins with introducing common engine types like two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It then explains the concept and working of a six-stroke engine, which adds two additional strokes - a secondary power stroke using water injection and a secondary exhaust stroke. The document discusses the advantages of higher efficiency and lower emissions but also challenges like starting issues. It proposes modifications to the engine components, camshaft design, and water injection system to address these challenges.
This document describes a thermo-structural analysis of pistons in an internal combustion engine. Four piston designs - flat, dome, cup, and bowl - were modeled in CATIA and analyzed in ANSYS. Thermal analysis determined temperature distributions and structural analysis determined stress and deformation. The flat and dome pistons made of aluminum alloy AL4032 performed best with lowest stresses of 80.11 MPa and 80.24 MPa respectively and lowest deformations of 0.02 mm and 0.01 mm. Therefore, the flat and dome piston designs provided the most optimal thermal and structural performance.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It begins with definitions of heat engines and the two main types - external combustion engines and internal combustion engines. The key differences between spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines are outlined. Four-stroke and two-stroke engine cycles are described and compared. The main components of internal combustion engines are defined. The document also includes classifications of IC engines, histories of important developments, and diagrams illustrating valve and port timing. Thermal concepts like indicated power, brake power, and efficiency are defined.
Training report on Diesel Engine's component Engine headAbhishek Jakhar
This document provides an overview of diesel engine components and terminology. It discusses the purpose, working principle, classification, and history of diesel engines. The key components described include the engine block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, cylinder liners, cylinder head, camshaft, valves, fuel system, and air system. Terminology explained includes top dead center, bottom dead center, compression ratio, indicated power, brake power, and efficiency. Piping systems of ships are also mentioned as a related topic.
Two laboratory reports were summarized:
1. A report on studying a two-stroke spark ignition engine, discussing its working principle, cycle, design parameters, types, parts, and comparing it to a four-stroke engine. The two-stroke was found to have more power strokes but lower efficiency.
2. A report on studying a rotary Wankel engine, explaining its four-stroke cycle arranged around an oval, types, parts, and concluding it is widely used with advantages over piston engines.
Thermo Structural Analysis on Cylinder Head of 4 Stroke VCR Diesel EngineDr. Amarjeet Singh
The main aim of the project is to analyse the design performance of VCR 4 stroke Diesel engine cylinder head at the compression ratio 16.5 using Ansys software. The basic modelling is done on CATIA V5 software. The design exposition can be done structurally and thermally in ansys. By the structural analysis the maximum and minimum von misses stress, total deformation can be determined, the maximum gas pressure required for this analysis is taken from the experimental set up of VCR engine. With the steady state thermal analysis we will get the maximum temperature distribution and total heat flux of the cylinder head with the initial pressure value. The results of both the expositions are used to decide the critical areas of the cylinder head which require further amendment and also the quality of design. If the maximum stress is less than the material strength of the cylinder head then the basic design criteria can be achieved.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction that defines engines and heat engines. It then covers the history and classification of IC engines. The main parts of an IC engine are described along with advancements like direct fuel injection. Performance parameters and the operation of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines are explained. Emerging technologies like digital triple spark ignition and nano engines are also discussed.
This document provides information on internal combustion engines:
- It discusses the key components and functions of internal combustion engines, including the cylinder block, cylinder, piston, piston rings, combustion chamber, inlet/exhaust manifolds, valves, spark plug, connecting rod, crankshaft, and camshaft.
- It compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines and provides theoretical diagrams of valve timing for four-stroke engines and port timing for two-stroke engines.
- It describes fuel systems for internal combustion engines, including carburetors and fuel injection.
This document discusses internal combustion engines. It begins by classifying IC engines based on fuel type, ignition method, number of strokes, operating cycle, speed, cooling system, and number of cylinders. It then describes the key components of an IC engine, including the cylinder, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, piston rings, crankshaft, crankcase, and flywheel. The document proceeds to explain the workings of 4-stroke petrol/gasoline and diesel engines. It also covers valve timing diagrams, actual indicator diagrams, combustion in SI engines, supercharging, turbocharging, detonation, turning moment diagrams, and carburettors.
1. The document analyzes and compares the thermo-mechanical and vibration properties of an internal combustion engine piston made from three different materials (structural steel, cast iron, and aluminum alloy A2618) under static loading conditions using finite element analysis software ANSYS.
2. Von Mises stresses, strains, heat flux, and natural frequencies are calculated and compared for pistons made of each material. The structural steel piston experiences the highest von Mises stresses and strains while the aluminum alloy piston experiences the lowest values.
3. Material properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and shear modulus are provided for each material to be used as inputs for the finite
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a heat engine that converts the heat from fuel combustion inside the engine cylinder into mechanical work. It then classifies internal combustion engines based on their thermodynamic cycle, fuel type, number of strokes, ignition method, number of cylinders, cooling method, and cylinder position. The document proceeds to describe the key parts of an internal combustion engine like the cylinder, piston, piston rings, connecting rod, crank and crankshaft, valves, flywheel, and crankcase. It provides examples of 4-stroke petrol engines, 4-stroke diesel engines, 2-stroke petrol engines, and 2-stroke diesel engines. Finally, it presents some sample problems
This document provides information about four-stroke and two-stroke engines as well as diesel engines. It discusses the operation and components of each type of engine. For four-stroke engines, it describes the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. For two-stroke engines, it explains the up and down strokes. It also discusses valve timing, fuel mixtures, advantages and limitations of two-stroke engines. For diesel engines, it outlines the compression ignition process, compression ratios, and advantages/disadvantages compared to gas engines.
The document provides information about internal combustion engines:
- It defines IC engines as engines where combustion occurs inside the combustion chamber, and examples include cars, trucks, and motorcycles. EC engines have combustion occur separately in an external boiler.
- IC engines can be classified by fuel type, cooling system, operating cycle, number of cylinders, number of strokes, and more. Compression ratio is defined as the ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume.
- Key components like the cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and their functions are described. The construction and working of two-stroke and four-stroke petrol engines is also explained briefly.
this presentation explains the engine components and 4 stroke cycle engine operations. it also includes other activities that might help the students in understanding the 4 stroke cycle engine operation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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1. BY
G.K. Manikandan
Professor – Department of Mechanical Engineering
SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam
Namakkal District – 638183
Tamil Nadu
INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINEES
2. • Gasoline ignited in the small space can
throw a potato upto 500 feet.
Principle Behind An I.C Engine
8. Classification of I.C. Engines
4. NO. OF STROKES
a. Two stroke – Petrol b. Two stroke - Diesel
9. Classification of I.C. Engines
5. TYPES OF FUEL USED
a. Diesel Engine
b. Petrol Engine
c. Gas Engine
6. TYPES OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
a. Wet sump lubrication
b. Dry sump lubrication
10. Classification of I.C. Engines
7. VALVE LOCATION
a. L-head b. I-head c. F-head d. T-head
11. Classification of I.C. Engines
8. SPEED OF ENGINE
a. Low speed
b. Medium speed
c. High speed
12. Classification of I.C. Engines
9. NUMBER OF CYLINDERS
a. Single b. Two
c. Three d. Four
e. Six f. Eight
g. Twelve h. Sixteen
21. Classification of I.C. Engines
12. FIELD OF APPLICATION
a. Automobile, truck etc.
b. Locomotive engine
c. Stationary engine
d. Marine engine
e. Aircraft engine
22. Classification of I.C. Engines
12. FIELD OF APPLICATION
f. Power Generation
i. Portable ii. Fixed
g. Earth Moving Equipments
i. Dumpers ii. Tippers iii. Mining equipment
i. Home Use
i. Lawn Movers ii. Snow Blowers iii. Tools
23. COMPONENTS & ITS FUNCTIONS
1. CYLINDER BLOCK:
Main supporting structure
24. COMPONENTS & ITS FUNCTIONS
2. CYLINDER HEAD:
Top part of the cylinder block which houses
inlet and exhaust valves.
40. COMPONENTS & ITS FUNCTIONS
12. FLY WHEEL:
Perfectly balanced wheel usually connected to
rear end of crank shaft.
41. COMPONENTS & ITS FUNCTIONS
13. VALVES
• Used for closing and opening
passage of cylinders.
42.
43. WORKING OF 4-STROKE
(S.I.) PETROL ENGINE
1. SUCTION STROKE:
• Piston moves from TDC to
BDC.
• Inlet valve opens
• Air fuel mixture enters into the
cylinder.
44. WORKING OF 4-STROKE
(S.I.) PETROL ENGINE
2. COMPRESSION STROKE:
• Both valves close.
• Piston moves from BDC to TDC.
• Temperature of compressed air
reaches about 600 to 700
o
C.
45. WORKING OF 4-STROKE
(S.I.) PETROL ENGINE
3. POWER STROKE:
• Fuel injector opens
• Fuel injects at the starting of
this stroke.
• Due to combustion, piston is
moved to BDC.
46. WORKING OF 4-STROKE
(S.I.) PETROL ENGINE
4. EXHAUST STROKE:
• Exhaust valve opens.
• Piston moves from BDC to TDC.
• It blows out burnt gases from
cylinder
49. 2 STROKE PETROL ENGINE
1. FIRST STROKE: (SUCTION
AND COMPRESSION)
• Piston moves from BDC to
TDC.
• Fuel enters into the cylinder
through suction port.
• At the end of first stroke
compression & ignition takes
place
50. 2 STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
2. SECOND STROKE:
(EXPANSION AND EXHAUST)
• Piston moves from TDC to BDC
due to the power produced by
combustion.
• Same time exhaust port opens
and burnt gases exhaust.
64. 1. COMPLETION OF CYCLE
4 S – One Power troke in 2 revolutions
2 S – One Power stroke in each revolution
2. FLY WHEEL
4 S – Heavier
2 S – Lighter
65. 3. POWER PRODUCED FOR SAME ENGINE
SIZE
4 S – Less
2 S – More
4. VALVE AND VALVE MECHANISM
4 S – Valves are Present
2 S – Only Ports are Present
66. 5. COOLING AND LUBRICATION
4 S – Lesser Cooling & Lubrication
2 S – More Cooling & Lubrication
6. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
4 S – Higher due to more time of of induction
2 S – Lesser due to less time of of induction
69. 1. THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE
S.I : Otto
C.I : Diesel for Slow Speed Engines
Dual for High Speed Engines
2. FUEL USED
S.I : Petrol
C.I : Diesel
70. 3. AIR FUEL RATIO
S.I : 10 : 1
C.I : 18 : 1
4. COMPRESSION RATIO
S.I : 7 to 9 Limited by knocking
C.I : 15 to18 Limited by Thermal & Mechanical Stresses
71. 5. FUEL SUPPLY
S.I : Carburettor
C.I : Injection
6. OPERATING PRESSURE
S.I : Compression Pr: 7 to 15 bar
Max Pr : 30 to 50 bar
C.I : Compression Pr: 30 to 50 bar
Max Pr : 60 to 120 bar
72. 7. CONTROL OF POWER
S.I : Quantity governing – by Throttle
C.I : Quality governing – by Rack
8. RUNNING COST
S.I : High
C.I : Low
73. 9. MAINTENANCE COST
S.I : Low
C.I : High
10. APPLICATIONS
S.I : Motor Cycles, Cars, Aircrafts
C.I : Buses, Trucks, Locomotives, Tractors, Gen Sets etc.
81. REQUIREMENTS OF FUEL
INJECTION SYSTEM
INJECTION OF
• Constant Supply of Fuel for Each Cylinder / Cycle
• Fuel at the correct time / correct quantity
• Change the Qty of fuel according to the Load
• Atomize the fuel
99. PRESSURISED WATER COOLING
• Water Pressure is Kept between 1.5 to 2.0 bar
• Vacuum valve is used to avoid vacuum
formation when engine is stopped
• Pressure relief valve is used
102. NECESSITY OF LUBRICATION
Reduce friction & Wear and Tear
Cool the surface
Seal the space between two surfaces
Absorb shock between bearings and
other parts
115. GOVERNING OF I.C ENGINES
Keeping the Engine Speed CONSTANT
when LOAD on the Engine CHANGES
This is Performed by a GOVERNOR which
CONTROLS the FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
116. GOVERNING OF I.C ENGINES
1. Hit and Miss Method
Used in Gas Engines
2. Quality governing
Mixture Strength is altered
3. Quantity governing
Quantity of Mixture entering the
cylinder is altered
117. PROPERTIES OF LIQUID FUEL
1. Self Ignition Temperature
Depends on Pressure
2. Calorific value
Should be High
3. Enthalpy of vaporization
Should be Less
4. Volatility
Promotes Fast Reaction