Jean Piaget proposed 4 stages of cognitive development: 1) The sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2 where children learn through senses and motor skills. 2) The preoperational stage from ages 2 to 7 where children use language and symbols but struggle with perspectives. 3) The concrete operational stage from ages 7 to 11 where logical thinking emerges but is limited to concrete concepts. 4) The formal operational stage from age 12 onward where abstract thinking and scientific reasoning develop. Piaget's theory explained how intelligence develops through biological and environmental factors rather than being fixed.

1. STAGES OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
By Jean Piaget

2. Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• Born in Switzerland on August 9th, 1896
• Died at the age of 84
• Married to Valentine Chatenay and had 3 offspring
• He was the first to make a systematic study of
acquisition of understanding in children

3. What is Cognition?
• The term driven from the latin word ‘cognoscere’ means
‘to know’ or ‘to recognize’
• It is the mental action of acquiring knowledge and
understanding through, thought, experience and senses.

4. Cognitive Development
• Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests
that intelligence changes as children grow.
• Piaget was not interested in whether a child’s answer
was right or wrong. He was more fascinated by the
underlying reasoning process that led to the answer- The
logic.
• Cognitive development occurs through the interaction of
innate capacities and environmental events, and
children pass through a series of stages.

5. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development proposes 4 stages of
development.
• Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years
• Preoperational stage: age of 2 to 7 years
• Concrete operational stage: age of 7 to 11 years
• Formal operational stage: age 12 and above

6. The Sensorimotor Stage
Age birth to 2 years-
• During this stage, a child develops object permanence. They
learn about the world around them through senses, reflexes
and motor responses.

7. Pre-operational Stage
Age 2 to 7 years-
• The goal of this stage is symbolic thoughts. A child use
to portray words and ideas.
• Although they begin to use language, they cannot fully
comprehensive adult logic or mentality.
• Children tend to be egocentric thus, they struggle to
understand things from the perspective of others.

8. Concrete operation Stage
Age 7 to 11 years-
• Children starts to think logically about matters.
• They utilize memory, numbers and concept of conservation.
• The goal of this stage is logical thinking. As egocentrism from the
preoperational stage begins to disappear as they become better at
understanding how to others behave.

9. Formal operation Stage
Age 12 to adulthood-
• In this stage, children start using scientific reasoning. They use
abstract thinking to solve problems, look for alternative
solutions to problems.

10. • Piaget’s theory of cognitive development explains how a child
constructs a mental model of the world.
• He argued with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait.
• He regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs
due to biological maturation and interaction with the
environment.