This document discusses instrument flight rules (IFR) for flying aircraft compared to visual flight rules (VFR). It covers topics such as Jimmy Doolittle envisioning IFR flight, obtaining clearance for an IFR flight plan which includes route, altimeter, and frequency information, using ground-based navigation beacons and GPS systems to guide aircraft, instrument landing systems (ILS) for precision approaches in low visibility, and standard procedures for departing and arriving at airports under IFR such as SIDS and STARS.

1. S
Instrument Flight Rules
Wilmington University
Robert Beard

2. IFR vs. VFR
IFR
Instrument Flight
Rules
Using instruments to
fly
VFR
Visual Flight Rules
Visually looking
where you are flying

3. Jimmy Doolittle and IFR Flight
S Born Alameda California
S 1917 enlisted in Army Air Corp
S First Lieutenant 1918
S First to envision IFR

4. Obtaining Clearance
Must have flight plan filed and clearance
Cleared
Route
Altimeter
Frequency
Transponder

5. After Clearance
S Ground controller guidance to runway
S Control tower for take off
S Contact departure control
S Route and airspace clear of aircrafts
S Airway 4 miles wide
S Use of ground based beacons, GPS and INS systems

6. Ground Based Navigation
Beacons
Used to make flight routes
Very high frequency
Omni directional
Range

7. Marker Beacons
Used for precision airport approaches using ILS system
Outer Marker : 4-7 miles from runway
Middle marker: 0.5-0.8 miles from runway
Inner marker: beginning of runway
threshold

8. GPS Navigation
S Satellites guide aircrafts using waypoints
S GPS Waypoints use 5 letter names

9. ILS
Most commonly used when landing in bad weather
Instrument Landing System

10. Flying Enroute
S Switch from departure controller to center
S Controls high altitude airspaces

11. SIDS and STARS
S SIDS = Standard Instrument Departure
S Also known as departure procedures
S Located on “off ramps”
S STARS= Standard Terminal Arrival Routes
S Located on ramps

12. Non Towered Airports
Take off
S Air traffic control (ATC) gives clearance with a void time
Landing
S Remain under ATC control until landing
S Cancel IFR once landed